From the Ways of the World
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| 3026173596 | Ahura Mazda | In Zoroastrianism, the good god who rules the world. | 0 | |
| 3026173597 | Angra Mainyu | In Zoroastrianism, the evil god, engaged in a cosmic struggle with Ahura Mazda. | 1 | |
| 3026173598 | Aristotle | A Greek polymath philosopher (384-322B.C.E.); student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. | 2 | |
| 3026173599 | atman | The human soul, which in classic Hindu belief seeks union with Brahman. | 3 | |
| 3026173600 | Ban Zhao | A major female Confucian author of Han dynasty China (45-116 C.E.) whose works give insight into the implication of Confucian thinking for women. | 4 | |
| 3026173601 | Bhagavad Gita | A great Hindu epic text, part of the much larger Mahabharata, which affirms the performance of caste duties as a path to religious liberation. | 5 | |
| 3026173602 | bhakti movement | An immensely popular development in Hinduism, advocating intense devotion toward a particular deity. | 6 | |
| 3026173603 | Brahman | The "World Soul" or final reality in upanishadic Hindu belief. | 7 | |
| 3026173604 | Brahmins | The priestly caste of India. | 8 | |
| 3026173605 | Buddhism | The cultural/religious tradition first enunciated by Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha). | 9 | |
| 3026173606 | Confucianism | The Chinese philosophy first enunciated by Confucius, advocating the moral example of superiors as the key element of social order. | 10 | |
| 3026173607 | Confucius (Kong Fuzi) | The founder of Confucianism (551-479 B.C.E.); an aristocrat of northern China who proved to be the greatest influence on Chinese culture in its history. | 11 | |
| 3026173608 | Constantine | Roman emperor (r. 306-337 C.E.) whose conversion to Christianity paved the way for the triumph of Christianity in Europe. | 12 | |
| 3026173609 | Daodejing | The central text of Daoism; translated as The Way and Its Power. | 13 | |
| 3026173610 | Daoism | A Chinese philosophy/popular religion that advocates simplicity and understanding of the world of nature, founded by the legendary figure Laozi. | 14 | |
| 3026173611 | filial piety | The honoring of one's ancestors and parents, a key element of Confucianism. | 15 | |
| 3026173612 | Greek rationalism | A secularizing system of scientific and philosophic thought that developed in classical Greece in the period 600 to 300 B.C.E.; it emphasized the power of education and human reason to understand the world in nonreligious terms. | 16 | |
| 3026173613 | Hinduism | A word derived from outsiders to describe the vast diversity of indigenous Indian religious traditions. | 17 | |
| 3026173614 | Hippocrates | A very influential Greek medical theorist (ca. 460-ca. 370 B.C.E.); regarded as the father of medicine. | 18 | |
| 3026173615 | Isaiah | One of the most important prophets of Judaism, whose teachings show the transformation of the religion in favor of compassion and social justice (eighth century B.C.E.). | 19 | |
| 3026173616 | Jesus of Nazareth | The prophet/god of Christianity. | 20 | |
| 3026173617 | Judaism | The monotheistic religion developed by the Hebrews, emphasizing a sole personal god (Yahweh) with concerns for social justice. | 21 | |
| 3026173618 | karma | In Hinduism, the determining factor of the level at which the individual is reincarnated, based on purity of action and fulfillment of duty in the prior existence. | 22 | |
| 3026173619 | Laozi | A legendary Chinese philosopher of the sixth century B.C.E.; regarded as the founder of Daoism. | 23 | |
| 3026173620 | Legalism | A Chinese philosophy distinguished by an adherence to clear laws with vigorous punishments. | 24 | |
| 3026173621 | Mahayana | "Great Vehicle," the popular development of Buddhism in the early centuries of the Common Era, which gives a much greater role to supernatural beings and proved to be more popular than original (Theravada) Buddhism. | 25 | |
| 3026173622 | moksha | In Hindu belief, liberation from separate existence and union with Brahman. | 26 | |
| 3026173623 | nirvana | The end goal of Buddhism wherein individual identity is "extinguished" into a state of serenity and great compassion. | 27 | |
| 3026173624 | Plato | A disciple of Socrates whose Dialogues convey the teachings of his master while going beyond them to express his own philosophy; lived from 429 to 348 B.C.E. | 28 | |
| 3026173625 | Pythagoras | A major Greek philosopher (ca. 560-ca. 480 B.C.E.) who believed that an unchanging mathematical order underlies the apparent chaos of the world. (pron. pith-AG-or-us) | 29 | |
| 3026173626 | Saint Paul | The first great popularizer of Christianity (10-65 C.E.). | 30 | |
| 3026173627 | Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha) | The Indian prince turned ascetic (ca. 566-ca. 486 B.C.E.) who founded Buddhism. | 31 | |
| 3026173628 | Socrates | The first great Greek philosopher to turn rationalism toward questions of human existence | 32 | |
| 3026173629 | Thales of Miletus | A Greek natural philosopher (ca. 624-ca. 547 B.C.E.), noted for his application of reason to astronomy and for his questioning of the fundamental nature of the universe. | 33 | |
| 3026173630 | Theodosius | Roman emperor (r. 379-395 C.E.) who made Christianity the official religion of the Roman state, banning all polytheistic rituals. | 34 | |
| 3026173631 | Theravada | "The Teaching of the Elders," the early form of Buddhism according to which the Buddha was a wise teacher but not divine and which emphasizes practices rather than beliefs. | 35 | |
| 3026173632 | Upanishads | Indian mystical and philosophical works, written between 800 and 400 B.C.E. | 36 | |
| 3026173633 | Vedas | The earliest religious texts of India, a collection of ancient poems, hymns, and rituals that were transmitted orally before being written down ca. 600 B.C.E. | 37 | |
| 3026173634 | Warring States period | Period in China from 403 to 221 B.C.E. that was typified by disorder and political chaos. | 38 | |
| 3026173635 | yin and yang | Expression of the Chinese belief in the unity of opposites. | 39 | |
| 3026173636 | Zarathustra | A Persian prophet, traditionally dated to the sixth or seventh century B.C.E. (but perhaps much older), who founded Zoroastrianism. | 40 | |
| 3026173637 | Zhuangzi | A Chinese philosopher (369-286 B.C.E.) who spelled out the teachings of Daoism. | 41 | |
| 3026173638 | Zoroastrianism | Persian monotheistic religion founded by the prophet Zarathustra. | 42 |
