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| 7941795652 | (Middle Ages) (Medieval Times) (Dark Ages) | a time period of western European history from 500 to 1500 after the fall of Rome, known for its hardships, the rise of christianity, and the age of discovery (Renaissance) | 0 | |
| 7941795653 | Civilization | Generation of reliable surpluses Specialized occupations Clear social class distinctions The growth of cities Complex governments Long distance trade And organized writing systems Are all characteristics of what? | 1 | |
| 7941795654 | the Early Middle Ages (500-1000 C.E.) | an era of the middle ages where Germanic tribes began to settle in Europe, they were mostly pastoral nomads or subsistence farmers, led by tribal chieftains, very few could read and right, little long-distance trade, very small towns/villages, bubonic plague spread, and the vikings raided many parts of Europe. | 2 | |
| 7941795655 | the High Middle Ages (1000-1500 C.E.) | an era of the middle ages where signs of recovery from the early middle ages began, towns grew, long-distance trade began, social class grew more complex, and the renaissance began. | 3 | |
| 7941795656 | Christianity | the religion in Europe that regained economic, political, social, and military organization that had been lost when Rome fell. | 4 | |
| 7941795657 | Manors | large estates operated by leaders who provided protection for others, in exchange for free labor. | 5 | |
| 7941795658 | feudalism | a complex system of political and military loyalty that linked lords together in the early middle ages. | 6 | |
| 7941795659 | manorialism | an economic system in which peasants were tied to the land to supply labor to their lords in the early middle ages | 7 | |
| 7941795660 | the Franks | an empire of the early middle ages who came close to uniting western Europe, but failed, leaving its political and economic imprint on kingdoms to come. | 8 | |
| 7941795661 | Clovis | ruler of the Franks from 481 to 511 who destroyed the last vestiges of the Roman power, organized campaigns against neighboring Germanic people, and converted to Christianity which won him support. | 9 | |
| 7941795662 | Carolingian Family | the family of Charles Martel ("Charles the Hammer") who took control of the Frankish realm after the decendants of Clovis | 10 | |
| 7941795663 | Charlemagne | grandson of Charles Martel, became emperor in 800, conquered most of western Europe, defended his empire against Viking invaders, and divided his empire into counties. | 11 | |
| 7941795664 | County | a piece of land inside an empire, governed under the King's name, organized by landholders called counts. | 12 | |
| 7941795665 | Count | a powerful landholder who rules a county, but governed under the King's authority, could administer justice and raise armies. The king (Charlemagne) placed checks on their power to maintain a balance of power. | 13 | |
| 7941795666 | Missi Dominici | the eyes and ears of the king, observed the power of Counts, checking for any abuse of power. | 14 | |
| 7941795667 | Louis the Pious | the son of Charlemagne who divided his fathers empire between his 3 sons, who fought among themselves for supremacy. | 15 | |
| 7941795668 | Treaty of Verdun | a treaty that divided western Europe along 3 general linguistic and cultural borders (French, German, and Italian) | 16 | |
| 7941795669 | lords vassals overlords | a version of feudalism set in place by the Franks which consisted of 3 elites... | 17 | |
| 7941795670 | Knights (vassals) | a certain class of feudalism, were controlled by lords, owned land granted by their lords, known for wearing large amounts of armor, protected other land owners or peasants in exchange for their food or other goods/needs. | 18 | |
| 7941795671 | Serfs | a self-sufficient farming class who lived on manors, received protection, administrative justice, and the right to graze their animals from the lord of the manor, and in return were obliged to stay on the land and give a portion of their products to the lord. This decreased the amount of social mobility in the middle ages. | 19 | |
| 7941795672 | Barter | the exchange of Goods directly. The form of trade used during the early middle ages. | 20 | |
| 7941795673 | the Moldboard | an evolution of the wooden plow made of an iron plate, made work easier throughout France and Germany. | 21 | |
| 7941795674 | the Pope | the lead religious authority of the Roman Catholic Church | 22 | |
| 7941795675 | The Benedictine Rule | a set of rules written by Benedict in 540, included daily rituals of prayer, manual labor, and simple eating for priests, monks, and nuns, who were expected to be poor, chaste, and obedient. | 23 | |
| 7941795676 | b. (fish hooks) | The following are all contributing factors for the revival of Civilization during the High Middle Ages EXCEPT - a. the moldboard plow b. fish hooks c. the three-field system d. a new horse collar | 24 | |
| 7941795677 | feudalism | which political form used the early middle ages discourages the growth of strong central governments? | 25 | |
| 7941795678 | canon law | moral or behavioral rules established by the Church | 26 | |
| 7941795679 | excommunicate | the pope had this power, which was used to separate people from the church and its sacramentsb | 27 | |
| 7941795680 | interdict | one of the most powerful excommunication that the pope possessed, no babies could be baptized, no marriages would be valid in the eyes of the church, and no last rites could be read to those on their deathbeds. | 28 | |
| 7941795681 | the Holy Roman Empire | known as third rome, founded by a loose confederation of German princes, one was crowned by the pope, implying that power rested in the hands of the pope, and the princes always asserted their independence and never paid too much attention to the emperor. Feudalism remained for a period of time. The empire fell to Napoleon in 1806. | 29 | |
| 7941795682 | limited government | limits on the power of the ruler | 30 | |
| 7941795683 | Magna Carta | a document that King John of England was forced to sign to guarantee rights of the nobility. | 31 | |
| 7941795684 | Hundreds Years' War | a war over French and English territories, a great conflict between old governing rules under feudalism and the newly emerging claims of national states. | 32 | |
| 7941795685 | (the) Crusades | a series of dramatic campaigns of Christian Knights into the middle east summoned by the pope to defend Jerusalem against Turkish invaders. (They never succeeded) | 33 | |
| 7941795686 | Saladin | Turkish muslim general who reorganized the Turkish military to retake Jerusalem. | 34 | |
| 7941795687 | Venice and Genoa | two cities that directly benefitted from the crusades | 35 | |
| 7941795688 | Hanseatic League | a league formed by cities of northern Germany and southern Scandinavia to facilitate trade as more towns purchased charters from kings and severed their feudal ties to lords on the rural manors. | 36 | |
| 7941795689 | guilds | associations of people who worked in the same occupation. | 37 | |
| 7941795690 | usury | the charging of interest for the use of money | 38 | |
| 7941795691 | pogroms | anti-Semitic mob actions | 39 | |
| 7941795692 | scholasticism | the attempt to reconcile the beliefs and values of Christianity with the logical reasoning of Greek philosophy. | 40 | |
| 7941795693 | vernacular languages | the native language or native dialect of a specific population. | 41 |
