Terms : Hide Images
| 228389823 | bedouin | nomadic herders that resided on the Arabian Peninsula; depended on camels for transportation | 0 | |
| 228389824 | shaykhs | leaders of the tribes in the bedouin society that were usually men with multiple wives and the largest herds | 1 | |
| 228389825 | Mecca | city located in the mountainous regionnear the Red Sea that was founded by the Umayyad clan of the Quraysha tribe | 2 | |
| 228389826 | Medina | also called Yathrid; located northeast of Mecca; Muhammad took refuge here | 3 | |
| 228389827 | Umayyad | clan of the Quraysha that dominated Mecca; established Mecca; later on took over the Arabic regime | 4 | |
| 228389828 | Ka'ba | most revered religious shrine of Islam; located in Mecca; bedouin tribes had a truce here | 5 | |
| 228389829 | Quran | the Islamic holy book filled with Muhammad revelations | 6 | |
| 228389830 | Umma | community of faithful followers is Islam | 7 | |
| 228389831 | Zakat | tax for charity that all Muslims must pay; one of the Five Pillars of Islam | 8 | |
| 228389832 | Five Pillars | 1. confession that there is one god, Allah, and that Muhammad is his profit 2. pray facing Mecca five times daily 3. fast during Ramadan 4. pay the tithe for charity 5. make the pilgramage to Mecca | 9 | |
| 228389833 | Caliph | the political and religious successor of Muhammad | 10 | |
| 228389834 | Ali | the cousin and son in law of Muhammad; was a caliph that fought again the Umayyad army | 11 | |
| 228389835 | Abu Bakr | caliph right after Muhammad died (from 632 to 634) and was a close friend of Muhammad | 12 | |
| 228389836 | Ridda | the wars that followed Muhammad's death in 632 that were fought over who would take the place of the prophet | 13 | |
| 228389837 | Jihad | Islamic holy wars; won by Muhammad's army | 14 | |
| 228389838 | Uthman | third caliph and member of the Umayyad clan; murdered by mutinous murders | 15 | |
| 228389839 | Siffin | The Battle took place in 657; was fought between Ali and the Umayyads; compromise was suggested | 16 | |
| 228389840 | Mu'awiya | the Umayyad ruler after Ali following the Battle of Siffin | 17 | |
| 228389841 | Sunnis | political and theological division of Islam; followers of the Umayyads | 18 | |
| 228389842 | Shi'i | political and theological division of Islam; followers of ALi | 19 | |
| 228389843 | Karbala | site of defeat and death of Husayn, Ali's son | 20 | |
| 228389844 | Mawali | non-Arab Muslim converts | 21 | |
| 228389845 | Jizya | head tax paid by all non-believers in Islamic territories | 22 | |
| 228389846 | Dhimmis | people of the book; includes Christians, Jews, Zoroastrianists, etc. | 23 | |
| 228389847 | Abbasids | dynasty that succeeded the Umayyads as caliphs within Islam; caliph was made more god-like and was more distant from the people and also lead luxorious lives | 24 | |
| 228389848 | Wazir | chief administrative official under the Abbasid caliphate | 25 | |
| 228389849 | Ayan | the wealthy landed elite that emerged in the early decades of the Abbasid rule. | 26 |
