Terms : Hide Images
| 4971538167 | al-Mahdi | (775-785) the third Abbasid caliph |  | 0 |
| 4971538168 | Harun al-Rashid | (786-809) He was the caliph of the Abbasid dynasty during its high point. He provided liberal support for artists and writers, bestowed lavish and luxurious gifts on his favorites, and distributed money to the poor and the common classes by tossing coins into the streets of Baghdad. |  | 1 |
| 4971538169 | Buyids | Regional splinter dynasty of the mid-10th century; invaded and captured Baghdad; ruled Abbasid Empire under title of sultan; retained Abbasids as figureheads |  | 2 |
| 4971538170 | Seljuk Turks | a group of nomadic invaders from central Asia via Persia |  | 3 |
| 4971538171 | Ottoman Empire | Islamic state founded by Osman in northwestern Anatolia. After the fall of the Byzantine Empire, the Ottoman Empire was based at Istanbul (formerly Constantinople) from 1453-1922. It encompassed lands in the Middle East, North Africa, the Caucasus, and eastern Europe. |  | 4 |
| 4971538172 | Crusades | A series of holy wars from 1096-1270 AD undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule. |  | 5 |
| 4971538173 | Saladin | (1137-1193) Powerful Muslim ruler during Third Crusade, defeated Christians at Hattin took Jerusalem | 6 | |
| 4971538174 | Ibn Khaldun | Arab historian. He developed an influential theory on the rise and fall of states. Born in Tunis, he spent his later years in Cairo as a teacher and judge. In 1400 he was sent to Damascus to negotiate the surrender of the city. |  | 7 |
| 4971538175 | Shah-Nama | Book of Kings |  | 8 |
| 4971538176 | ulama | Muslim religious scholars. From the ninth century onward, the primary interpreters of Islamic law and the social core of Muslim urban societies. (p. 238) | 9 | |
| 4971538177 | al-Ghazali | Brilliant Islamic theologian; struggled to fuse Greek and Qur'anic traditions; not entirely accepted by ulama |  | 10 |
| 4971538178 | Sufis | a mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, and a simple life |  | 11 |
| 4971538179 | Mongols | A member of any of the traditionally nomadic peoples of Mongolia |  | 12 |
| 4971538180 | Chinggis Khan | Also known as Temujin; he united the Mongol tribes into an unstoppable fighting force; created largest single land empire in history. |  | 13 |
| 4971538181 | Hulegu | Grandson of Chinggis Khan who attacked persia. And became first il-khan of Persia. | 14 | |
| 4971538182 | Mamluks | Turkie slaves | 15 | |
| 4971538183 | Muhammad ibn Quasim | Arab general; conquered Sind in India, declared the region and Indus valley to be part of the Umayyad empire | 16 | |
| 4971538184 | Mahmud of Ghazni | Third ruler of Turkish slave dynasty in Afghanistan; led invasions of northern India; credited with sacking one of wealthiest of Hindu temples in northern India; gave Muslims reputation for intolerance and aggression. | 17 | |
| 4971538185 | Muhammad of Ghur | a tenacious military commander of Persian extraction | 18 | |
| 4971538186 | Qutb-ud-din Aibak | one of Muhammad of Ghur's slave lieutenants, who siezed power after Muhammad's assasination in 1206 | 19 | |
| 4971538187 | bhaktic | Hindu groups dedicated to gods and goddesses; stressed the importance of strong emotional bonds between devotees and the god or goddess who was the object of their veneration; most widely worshipped gods were Vishnu and Shiva | 20 | |
| 4971538188 | Mira Bai | (1498-1547) Celebrated Hindu writer of religious poetry; reflected openness of bhaktic cults to women. |  | 21 |
| 4971538189 | Kabir | Muslim mystic during 15th century; played down the importance of ritual differences between Hinduism and Islam | 22 | |
| 4971538190 | Shrivijaya | Trading empire centered on Malacca Straits between Malaya and Sumatra; controlled trade of empire; Buddhist government resistant to Muslim missionaries; fall opened up southeastern Asia to Muslim conversion. |  | 23 |
| 4971538191 | Malacca | Port city in the modern Southeast Asian country of Malaysia, founded about 1400 as a trading center on the Strait of Malacca. Also spelled Melaka. |  | 24 |
| 4971538192 | Demak | trading center on the North Coast of Java |  | 25 |
