Vocab for Ch 7
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| 511264774 | al-Mahdi | Third of the Abbasid caliphs; attempted but failed to reconcile moderates among Shi'a to Abbasid dynasty; failed to resolve problem of succession | 1 | |
| 511264775 | Harun al-Rashid | Most famous of Abbasid caliphs; renowned for sumptuous and costly living; dependent on Persian advisors early in reign; death led to civil wars over succession | 2 | |
| 511264776 | Buyids | Regional splinter dynasty of the mid-10th century; invaded and captured Baghdad; ruled Abbasid Empire under title of sultan; retained Abbasids as figureheads | 3 | |
| 511264777 | Crusades | Series of military adventures initially launched by western Christians to free Holy Land from Muslims; temporarily succeeded in capturing Jerusalem and establishing Christian kingdoms; later used for other purposes such as commercial wars and extermination of heresy. | 4 | |
| 511264778 | Saladin | Muslim leader in the last decades of the 12th century; reconquered most of the crusader outposts for Islam | 5 | |
| 511264779 | Seljuk Turks | Nomadic invaders from central Asia via Persia; staunch Sunnis; ruled in name of Abbasid caliphs from mid-11th century | 6 | |
| 511264780 | Lateen | Sail of the dhow | 7 | |
| 511264781 | Ulama | Orthodox religious scholars within Islam; pressed for a more conservative and restrictive theology; increasingly opposed to non-Islamic ideas and scientific thinking | 8 | |
| 511264782 | al-Ghazali | Brilliant Islamic theologian; struggled to fuse Greek and Qur'anic traditions; not entirely accepted by ulama | 9 | |
| 511264783 | Ibn Khaldun | A Muslim historian; developed concept that dynasties of nomadic conquerors had a cycle of three generations -- strong, weak, dissolute | 10 | |
| 511264784 | Mongols | Central Asian nomadic peoples; smashed Turko-Persian kingdoms; captured Baghdad in 1258 and killed last Abbasid caliph | 11 | |
| 511264785 | Chinggis Khan | Born in 1170s in decades following death of Kabul Khan; elected khagan of all MOngol tribes in 1206; responsible for conquest of northern kingdoms of China, territories as far west as the Abbasid regions; died in 1227 prior to conquest of most of the Islamic world | 12 | |
| 511264786 | Hulegu | Ruler of Ilkhan Khanate; grandson of Chinggis Khan; responsible for capture and destruction of Baghdad in 1257 | 13 | |
| 511264787 | Mamluks | Muslim slave warriors; established a dynasty in Egypt; defeated the Mongols at Ain Jalut in 1260 and halted Mongol advance | 14 | |
| 511264788 | Muhammad ibn Qasim | Arab general; conquered Sind in India; declared the region and the Indus valley to be part of the Umayyad Empire | 15 | |
| 511264789 | Mahmud of Ghazni | Third ruler of Turkish slave dynasty in Afghanistan; led invasions of northern India; credited with sacking one of wealthiest of Hindu temples in northern India; gave Muslims reputation for intolerance and aggression. | 16 | |
| 511264790 | Muhammad of Ghur | Military commander of Persian extraction who ruled small mountain kingdom in Afghanistan; began process of conquest to establish Muslim political control of northern India; brought much of Indus valley, Sind, and northwestern India under his control. | 17 | |
| 511264791 | Qutb-ud-din Aibak | Lieutenant of Mahmud of Ghur; established kingdom in India with capital at Delphi; proclaimed himself Sultan of india | 18 | |
| 511264792 | Bhaktic cults | Hindu groups dedicated to gods and goddesses; stressed the importance of strong emotional bonds between devotees and the god or goddess who was the object of their veneration; most widely worshipped gods were Vishnu and Shiva | 19 | |
| 511264793 | Mira Bai | Celebrated Hindu writer of religious poetry; reflected openness of bhaktic cults to women | 20 | |
| 511264794 | Kabir | Muslim mystic; played down the importance of ritual differences between Hinduism and Islam | 21 | |
| 511264795 | Shrivijaya | Trading empire centered on Malacca Straits between Malaya and Sumatra; controlled trade of empire; Buddhist government resistant to Muslim missionaries; fall opened up southeastern Asia to Muslim conversion. | 22 | |
| 511264796 | Malacca | Portuguese factory or fortified trade town located on the tip of the Malayan peninsula; traditionally a center for trade among the southeastern Asian islands. | 23 | |
| 511264797 | Demak | Most powerful of the trading states on the north coast of Java; converted to Islam and served as point of dissemination to other ports | 24 |
