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| 11516826550 | Olmec | The first Mesoamerican civilization who had a great cultural impact on future civilization | 0 | |
| 11516845566 | Llamas | This animal was the only beast of burden in the Americas before the Europeans introduced the horse. | 1 | |
| 11516880689 | Chavin | The first major South American civilization, from about 900 to 250 B.C. | 2 | |
| 11516891643 | Teotihuacan | With a population of 125,000 in 450 C.E, this powerful city-state in central Mexico, was the religious center for Mesoamericans. | 3 | |
| 11516912342 | Chinampas | Raised fields constructed along lake shores in Mesoamerica to increase agricultural yields. | 4 | |
| 11516918053 | Maya | Mesoamerican civilization concentrated in Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula and in Guatemala and Honduras but never unified into a single empire. Major contributions were in mathematics, astronomy, and development of the calendar. | 5 | |
| 11591884847 | Toltecs | Powerful postclassic empire in central Mexico that influenced much of Mesoamerica. Aztecs claimed ties to this earlier civilization. | 6 | |
| 11591898338 | Anasazi | Important culture of what is now the southwest United States. Centered on Chaco Canyon in New Mexico and Mesa Verde in Colorado, the Anasazi culture built multistory residences and worshipped in subterranean buildings called kivas. | 7 | |
| 11591905090 | chiefdom | Form of political organization with rule by a hereditary leader who held power over a collection of villages and towns. Less powerful than kingdoms and empires, they were based on gift giving and commercial links. | 8 | |
| 11597779317 | ayllu | Andean lineage group or kin-based community. | 9 | |
| 11597786845 | mita | Andean labor system based on shared obligations to help kinsmen and work on behalf of the ruler and religious organizations. | 10 | |
| 11597793260 | Moche | Civilization of north Peru (200-700 C.E). An important Andean civilization that built extensive irrigation networks as well as impressice urban centers dominated by brick temples | 11 | |
| 11597826009 | Tiwanaku | Name of capital city and empire centered on the region near Lake Titicaca in modern Bolivia (375-1000 C.E.). (p. 315) | 12 | |
| 11597833257 | Wari | Andean civilization culturally linked to Tiwanaku, perhaps beginning as a colony of Tiwanaku. | 13 | |
| 11597839775 | Chimu | A powerful civilization, also called Kingdom of Chimor, that developed on the northern coast of Peru from about 1200 to its conquest by an expanding Inka empire in the 1470s. Its capital city was Chan Chan. | 14 |
