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| 6745938690 | Confucious | 1. Educator and political advisor. 2. Sayings were compiled in the Analects by his disciples in history. 3. Related to culture and economics because of his teachings and advising. 4. Like Gandhi, Confucius strives to create his own religion by tweaking small issues instead of following unwanted beliefs. | 0 | |
| 6745957876 | Confucian Ideas | -Ideas that were moral and ethical in character -Very practical and demonstrated how to restore political and social order. -focused on the forming of junzi (superior individuals) -edited the Zhou classics for his disciples to study -Similar to Ghandis principles and teaching because they provided guidelines for people following this path of influence. | 1 | |
| 6746012793 | Key Confucian values | -Ren (a sense of humanity, kindness, benevolence) -Li (a sense of propriety, courtesy, respect, deference to elders) -Xiao (filial piety, familial obligation) -Cultivate personal morality and junzi to bring order to China -The key Confucian values relate to many other cultures in societies throughout history because like the Christian bible, Confucianism has morals and written values to follow in this world. | 2 | |
| 6746034577 | Mencius (372-289 B.C.E.) | -Spokesman for the Confucian school -Believed in the goodness of human nature (ren) -Many Chinese followed his form of ren for peace and well-being of nature all throughout history. -This term would specifically be cultural because ren was a form of Chinese traditions/culture. -Mencius's teachings are the opposite to Xunzi -Mencius believes in good human nature and Xunzi believes humans are selfish. | 3 | |
| 6746055627 | Xunzi (298-238 B.C.E.) | -Written by Xunzi or Xun Kuang -Had a less positive view of nature -Believed that humans selfishly pursue own interests -Preferred harsh social discipline to bring order to society, therefore throughout history similar techniques were used for discipline as a result of teachings found in the Xunzi. -Pushed people to strive for moral education and good public behavior -This term could be considered cultural or social. -Cultural because of it's views on nature and humans (life). -Social because of the harsh discipline the Xunzi enforced. -The Xunzi's teachings are similar to those of the Bible because like christians follow laws and ideas in the Bible, Chinese follow ideas and teachings in the Xunzi. | 4 | |
| 6753127606 | Sima Qian | -Head astrologer for the Han dynasty emperor Wu - known as the "Father of history" because of his written works telling Chinese history. -Influenced socially because of his work "Records of the Grand Historian" which told of Chinese past, thus giving him the name "Father of History". -Similar to Ghandi, Sima Qian was a transmitter of teachings. Both Ghandi and Sima communicated teachings to people of their society. | 5 | |
| 6753256654 | Daoism | -Chinese philosophy based on the teachings of Laozi -people should turn to nature and give up their worldly concerns -Throughout history doaism has been a major form of religion in China -cultural theme because it was a major form of religious teachings - It's similar to Buddhism because the two religions construct temples, shrines and monasteries for religious practices. | 6 | |
| 6753260124 | Legalism | -Chinese philosophy developed by Hanfeizi -Humans are naturally evil and therefore need to be ruled by harsh laws -Important because many countries follow this legalistic ruling technique. (Korea and somewhat the US) -Economic or cultural theme because it is practiced by countries as laws because of behavior of humans. -Similar to communism in the sense that they both are strictly given harsh laws for the government. | 7 | |
| 6753264109 | Analects | - records of the thinker and philosopher Confucius and his disciples -Analects have survived until todays time and can be followed by people who agree with Confucius's terms and teachings -Cultural theme because it follows practices of Confucius and his teachings. -Similar to the Bible because they both tell of teachings of thee main person in the text. the Bible tells of Jesus Christ and his journeys while the analects describe Confucius journey. | 8 | |
| 6753267822 | Ren | -Showing kindness or a sense of humanity for Confucianism. -Today Chinese practice ren as a result of ancient practices passed on through generations -cultural theme because the practice of ren has been passed down through families for generations. -Similar to quote from the Christian Bible "love your neighbor as thy self" | 9 | |
| 6753277561 | Xiao | -Filial Piety - the belief of respecting your ancestors -Major practice followed by Chinese in a similar respect to ren. -cultural theme because the practice was passed on through families for generations. -similar to Christian Bible commandment "respect your father and mother" because they both clarify that the people you come from deserve to be respected. | 10 | |
| 6753275514 | Li | -Propriety - You should behave in an appropriate fashion treating everyone equally with special respect towards elders or superiors. -Also in the same area as ren and Filial Piety in saying that kindness and respect should be practiced. -Cultural theme because it was a practice by religious groups and families. -Similar to a mix between christianity and communism because like communism it places the belief that everyone is created equal and like christianity you should respect those above you. | 11 | |
| 6753272888 | Junzi | -Confucian "superior individuals" or the "ideal man" -Followed teachings of ren -Important because Confucius labeled these as the ideal men. -Social theme because it was a high the rank of man in society because of their kindness and generosity according to Confucius. -Similar to priest in roman times because they were both the nicest and "pure" people. | 12 | |
| 6754434814 | Laozi | -the "elder one" who encouraged people to give up worldly desires in favor of nature -This was important because he founded Taoism (Daoism) -Cultural theme because of the removing oneself from world desires for nature. This is similar to teachings of christianity because Christians believe that worldly possessions aren't important compared to life after death. | 13 | |
| 6754482520 | Daodejing | -The central text of Daoism -translated as The Way and Its Power. -Important in history because it was the teachings for doasistic religion. -Cultural theme because it deals with religious practices. -Similar to the Christian Bible because it is basically the Daoist Bible | 14 | |
| 6754482521 | Wuwei | -Not reacting to something. -the preferred Daoist path of least resistance -allowing things to run their natural course -Important in history because it was associated with ren and the Daodejing -Cultural or environmental because it allowed environmental problem to work themselves out and was a cultural practice. -similar to Christianity teaching of hope and faith that things will work themselves out because they happen for a reason. | 15 | |
| 6754486496 | Zhuangzi | -The author of a book called the Zhuangzi It was important in this historic time period and still today because it was the foundation of texts in daoism. -The usefulness of the useless and the relativity of ordinary distinctions. -Cultural because it pushed the practices of Daoism. -Also similar to christianity teachings because christians had a set of rules they needed to follow similar to those of the taoist religion. | 16 | |
| 6754655910 | Shang Yang | -founder of legalism -minister to the duke of qin -Important because he created a lasting for of ruling that has lasted until todays time. -Economic term because it provided a lasting technique of ruling that put humans under harsh rulings -This is similar to the Confucius because the both strived to create unselfish foundations when humans don't come first. | 17 | |
| 6754720028 | The Book of Lord Shang | -A book consisting of Shang Yang's rules -Important in history because it established the structure of legalism -Social/economic technique because it was a book of rules followed in legalistic techniques. -This is similar to the Bible in the christian religion because it provided guidelines to follow for legalism like the Bible did for Christianity. | 18 | |
| 6754796521 | The Yellow Turban Uprising | -a revolt that made people rage throughout china over land distribution -It was important in history because it tested the resilience of the Han state. -Social theme because it involved creating a social stand and created uprising in the people of the Han. -This is similar to The Boston tea party because they both symbolized resistance. | 19 | |
| 6754801417 | Wang Mang | -interrupted Han rule to rule China -tried helping the poor by establishing granaries and land reform. -important in history because he increased support of the lower class. Social/economic theme because he went into a government ruling position but helped the people to establish a better life for them. -This is similar to many roman or bible time stories where Jesus Christ helps those in need or of lower standards. | 20 | |
| 6754804549 | Ban Zhao | -one of the most well known women that gained status in Han China -She was an important person in history because she was a Confucian scholar and writer who wrote poems and essays and the history of the Han dynasty. -This is a social structured theme because it proved women could hold a higher status in china whereas they were used to the man leading over the families. -This was similar to times in U.S. history during WWI because women finally started taking on roles in society. | 21 | |
| 6754804550 | Maodun | -The most successful leader of the Xiongnu -It was important at the time because it was one of the first times china was given strict military discipline. -this is a economic issue because it deal with the strengthening of chinas military forces and government. -This was similar to the times of the Persians because the Persians were a military reliant group and china attempted to take this form under Maodun. | 22 | |
| 6754807762 | Xiongnu | -nomads who were defeated by Wudi. -Lived in the steppes or grasslands north of China. -They were important during the time because they were one of the biggest threats to security of the Han Dynasty. -this is considered an economic theme because they were a problem to security of the Han Dynasty. -This was similar to mongols because the mongols were threatening to anyone in their way. | 23 | |
| 6754810020 | Han Wudi | -Most important Han Emperor. -It was an important part of history because it expanded the Empire in every direction and created the Civil Service System and established Public Schools. -This is an economic theme because he was a ruler that placed many new things into the economy to help the society grow as a whole. -This was similar to the U.S. giving women rights to an education because in both instances people were given the right to knowledge and free education. | 24 | |
| 6754810021 | Liu Bang | -helped overthrow Qin dynasty and was born a peasant that worked his way up to emperor -He was an important part of history because he was the first emperor of the Han dynasty and experienced living in all social classes -Social/economic theme -because he began in the lowest class and experienced all different levels of society. -This is similar to many roman officials and how they would get chosen or have to work their way through society to get to their position. | 25 | |
| 6754812614 | Han Dynasty | (202 BC - 220 AD) -dynasty started by Lui Bang -It was an important part of history because it was a great and long-lasting rule that discarded harsh policies of the Qin dynasty and adopted Confucian principles. -Han rulers chose officials who passed the civil service exams rather than birth -it was a time of prosperity Economic theme because they created a society that was different from past harsh rulings and was a long-lasting civilization. -Similar to Athens because they both didn't primarily focus on military. They rather focused on pleasant lifestyles. | 26 | |
| 6754812615 | Qin Shihuangdi | -united China and was hated by people. He buried himself with the terracotta soldiers. He placed a standard system of laws, money, and writing. He united China and Began Great Wall of China. -He was important because he built roads and China did well economically with signs of progress. -Economic theme because he boosted the economy of China through the creation of the standard system and Great Wall of China. -Similar to many other rulers like Attila the hun. They both were hated by the people they ruled. | 27 | |
| 6754815727 | Qin Dynasty | (from 246 BC to 206 BC) -established the first centralized imperial government and built much of the Great Wall -They were important in history because they helped the economy in China thrive. -this shows an economic theme because this dynasty was a constructive and economically powerful dynasty. -This is similar to Athens and many other economically stable civilizations because economy was the prime focus. | 28 | |
| 6754815728 | Han Fezi | -wrote the book on Legalistic philosophy -important book in Chinese history because it provided information on Hanfeizi's legalism techniques. -This is a economic/social theme because it was a book of teaching for the people to learn more about the economic legalism created by Hanfeizi. -This is similar to Ghandi's writings and books about his teaching's in society. | 29 | |
| 6755561658 | Tomb of the First Emperor | -died 210 B.C.E. -Tomb was underground palace with army of life-size terra-cotta figures -Excavation of the tomb since 1974 -Important place of history because it allows todays people to see culture and get ideas of what life was like during the time when the terra-cotta soldiers were living. -cultural theme because people are able to see the culture and lives of soldiers during their time. -this is similar to king tuts tomb and cleopatra because of their mummification and preservation of things during their time period. | 30 | |
| 6755639889 | The Great Wall of china | -Huge Wall created by Qin Shihuangdi -It was important in history because it was built to keep out raiding parties of nomadic tribes, such as the Mongols. -This is an economic theme because it involved protecting china from foreign invasion. -This is similar to the wall of Jericho which was also created to protect their city as a form of defense. | 31 | |
| 6755676001 | Han centralization | -adopted Legalist policies - It was important because it built an enormous bureaucracy to rule the empire in which they continued to build roads and canals. Also levied taxes on agriculture, trade, and craft industries -This could be considered an economical theme because imperial monopolies produced iron and salt and they established a Confucian educational system for training bureaucrats. This is similar to the U.S. after WWI because trade increased and we began building canals and expanding the economy. | 32 | |
| 6755678262 | Han imperial expansion | -Invaded and colonized northern Vietnam and Korea -This was important in history because the Han organized vast armies to invade Xiongnu territory (nomads from steppes) and the Han enjoyed uncontested hegemony in east and Central Asia -This could be considered an economic theme because by expanding their empire the Han increased economic stability -This is similar to Hitlers expansion because when he began to expand the economy of Germany stabilized also. | 33 | |
| 6755679945 | Patriarchal social structure | -Women's subordination -Ban Zhao's Admonitions for Women -This was important for Chinese in history because children obey and honor parents and wives obeyed their husbands. -This could be considered a social theme because it classified the rankings in society for men and women. -This form of structure was seen in many other civilizations. For example Athens followed a strict patriarchal structure. | 34 | |
| 6755682050 | Iron metallurgy | -farming tools, utensils, and weapons -this was an important part of history for china because it allowed for better crop production and agriculture. -This is an economic them because this new advancement in technology of farming helped production increase. -This is similar to the achaemenids iron because was a major technological advancement. | 35 | |
| 6755684597 | Silk textiles | -sericulture spread all over China during the Han -This was important to history because it created many economic advances and technological advancements -This could be considered an economical advancement because it created many new jobs for people. -This is similar to the creation of the printing press by Martin Luther because it was new technology that boosted the economy. | 36 | |
| 6755686633 | Paper production | -replaced silk and bamboo as writing material -This was an important advance for china in history because it allowed for writing to last longer and be produced more. -This would be considered either an economic or social theme because it helped production in the economy and allowed for many new writings and books to be produced. -This is similar to the printing press because the printing press allowed for the production of more books including the Bible, just like the new paper production allowed for more books to be preserved and created. | 37 | |
| 6755688410 | Population growth | -twenty million to sixty million from 220 B.C.E. to 9 C.E. -This was an important historical time because China began growing economically and developing as a country. -this would be considered an economic theme because I'm most developing countries the first thing to get them to a developed country is a large population. -This is similar to the U.S. when WWI ended because our economy boomed right after a lot of women got pregnant. | 38 | |
| 6755693170 | Expeditions consumed the empire's surplus | -Raised taxes and confiscated land of some wealthy individuals -This was important in history because taxes and land confiscations discouraged investment in manufacture and trade -this is an economic theme because trade decreased as a form of revolt resulting from higher taxes -This is similar to many other boycotts like the one on tea in the U.S. during the American revolution. | 39 |
