5005622027 | Mandate of Heaven | Chinese belief that the emperors ruled through the mandate, or approval, of heaven contingent on their ability to look after the welfare of the population. | 0 | |
5005622028 | Dynastic Cycle | In China, a dynasty would remain in power only as long as it was providing good government. When a dynasty went into decline, and began to abuse its power, it was said to lose the Mandate of Heaven, or the favor of the gods. A strong leader would usually emerge to claim the Mandate, and establish a new dynasty. The dynastic cycle would then begin again. | 1 | |
5005622029 | Dynasty | a line of hereditary rulers of a country | 2 | |
5005622030 | Ancestor Worship | the custom of venerating deceased ancestors who are considered still a part of the family and whose spirits are believed to have the power to intervene in the affairs of the living | 3 | |
5005622031 | Oracle Bones | a bone used in early China especially during the Shang dynasty 1765-1123 B.C. in divination by writing a question upon it, heating it, and divining the answer from the resultsnt cracks | 4 | |
5005622032 | Eunuch | Castrated males, originally in charge of the harem, who grew to play major roles in government; eunuchs were common in China and other societies | 5 | |
5005622033 | Period of Warring States | The 250 years between 475 and 221 BC. The Zhou Dynasty was divided between 8 states. These states had frequent wars until 221 BC when Qin conquered them all. | 6 | |
5005622034 | Kong Fuzi (Confucius) | Philosophy, based on the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Kong Fuzi (551-479 B.C.E.), or Confucius, that emphasizes order, the role of gentlemen, obligation to society, and reciprocity | 7 | |
5005622035 | Analects | a collection of short literary or phisophic extracts | 8 | |
5005622036 | Junzi (superior individuals) | Gentlemen or superior person and employed by both the Duke of Wen in the I-ching and Confucius in his works to describe the ideal man | 9 | |
5005622037 | Ren (benevolence) | the Confucian virtue denoting the good feeling a virtuous human experiences when being altruistic. Ren is exemplified by a normal adult's protective feelings for children. It is considered the outward expression of Confucian ideals | 10 | |
5005622038 | Li (propriety) | Confucian concept often rendered as "rituals," "proper conduct," or "propriety." From customary patrerbs, li cane to mean conventional norms, yielding a new concept of an internalized code of civility that defined proper human conduct | 11 | |
5005622039 | Xiao (filial piety) | "filial piety", or "being good to parents", a virtue in Chinese culture | 12 | |
5005622040 | Mencius | (fourth century BCE) was a Confucian philosopher. Often referred to as the "Second Sage" of Confucianism (meaning second in importance only to Confucius himself), Mencius is best known for his claim that "human nature is good." | 13 | |
5005622041 | Daoism | Also known as Taoism. A Chinese philosophy based on the writings of Lao-tzu (6th century BC) advocating humility and religious piety | 14 | |
5005654004 | Laozi | ancient Chinese philosopher and writer. He is known as the reputed author of the Tao Te Ching and the founder of philosophical Taoism, and as a deity in religious Taoism and traditional Chinese religions | 15 | |
5005667357 | Dahdejing | the central Taoist text, ascribed to Lao-tzu, the traditional founder of Taoism. Apparently written as a guide for rulers, it defined the Tao, or way, and established the philosophical basis of Taoism | 16 | |
5005677689 | Dao | (in Chinese philosophy) the absolute principle underlying the universe, combining within itself the principles of yin and yang and signifying the way, or code of behavior, that is in harmony with the natural order. The interpretation of Tao in the Tao-te-Ching developed into the philosophical religion of Taoism | 17 | |
5005680388 | Wuwei | an important concept of Taoism and means natural action, or in other words, action that does not involve struggle or excessive effort. Wu wei is the cultivation of a mental state in which our actions are quite effortlessly in alignment with the flow of life | 18 | |
5005691625 | Legalists | trict adherence, or the principle of strict adherence, to law or prescription, especially to the letter rather than the spirit | 19 | |
5005708622 | Han Feizi | was an influential political philosopher of the Warring States period "Chinese Legalist" school | 20 | |
5005717978 | Qin Dynasty | the Chinese dynasty (from 246 BC to 206 BC) that established the first centralized imperial government and built much of the Great Wall | 21 | |
5005734642 | Shihuangdi (Shi Huangdi) | First Chinese Emperor. A ruler from the western state of Qin united and subjugated the Warring States and formed China in 221 B.C. He declared himself the first emperor of China and named himself Shi Huangdi (meaning First Emperor) | 22 | |
5005743300 | Terra Cotta Army | a collection of terracotta sculptures depicting the armies of Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China | 23 | |
5005747684 | Han Dynasty | the second imperial dynasty of China. Founded in 206 BC when the rebel leader Liu Bang successfully ended the Qin Dynasty, the Han Dynasty lasted for four centuries and is considered a golden age in Chinese history | 24 | |
5005753124 | Liu Bang | Emperor Gaozu (born Liu Bang; 256 or 247 - 1 June 195 BC) was the founder and first emperor of the Han dynasty | 25 | |
5005757712 | Han Wudi | Emperor Wudi was the seventh emperor of the Han Dynasty of China. He ruled from 141 to 87 BC. During his reign, between about 130 and 110 BC, the Han ruling court and the army started winning major battles, and they conquered Xiongnu territory and greatly expanded the empire's territory in the north and west | 26 | |
5005764926 | Imperial University | the national central institution of higher learning in Chinese dynasties after the Sui. It was the highest institution of learning in China's traditional educational system, with the function of administration of education | 27 | |
5005781372 | Xiongnu | a confederation of nomadic peoples who, according to ancient Chinese sources, inhabited the eastern Asian Steppe from the 3rd century BC to the late 1st century AD | 28 | |
5005786526 | Moralists | a person who has strong feelings and opinions about what is right and who tries to control the moral behavior of other people | 29 | |
5005796347 | Sericulture | the production of silk and the rearing of silkworms for this purpose | 30 | |
5005799101 | Wang Mang | the founder of a short-lived dynasty replacing the Western Han dynasty. After the expansive reign of emperor Han Wu-ti the disparity between the wealth of the landowners and poverty of the peasants grew. Towards the end of the 1st century BC a series of peasant revolts threatened to overthrow the state | 31 |
AP WORLD HISTORY CHAPTER 8 Flashcards
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