12 Questions - 1-2 SAQs (13-14 total)
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| 7851732073 | American web | A term used to describe the network of trade that linked parts of the pre-Columbian Americas; although less intense and complete than the Afro-Eurasian trade networks, this web nonetheless provided a means of exchange for luxury goods and ideas over large areas. |  | 0 |
| 7851737412 | Black Death | The name given to the massive epidemic that swept Eurasia in the fourteenth century C.E.; it may have been bubonic plague, anthrax, or a collection of epidemic diseases. |  | 1 |
| 7851743469 | Borobudur | The largest Buddhist monument ever built, a mountainous ten-level monument with an elaborate carving program, probably built in the ninth century C.E. by the Sailendras rulers of central Java; it is an outstanding example of cultural exchange and syncretism. |  | 2 |
| 7851751185 | bubonic plague | A highly fatal disease transmitted by fleas; it devastated the Mediterranean world between 534 and 750 C.E. and again in the period 1346-1350 C.E. |  | 3 |
| 7851759956 | Ghana, Mali, Songhay | A series of important states that developed in western and central Sudan in the period 500-1600 C.E. in response to the economic opportunities of trans-Saharan trade (especially control of gold production). |  | 4 |
| 7851762986 | Great Zimbabwe | A powerful state in the African interior that apparently emerged from the growing trade in gold to the East African coast; flourished between 1250 and 1350 C.E. |  | 5 |
| 7851770216 | Ibn Battuta | A famous Muslim traveler who visited much of the Islamic world in the fourteenth century and wrote a major account of what he saw. |  | 6 |
| 7851774567 | Indian Ocean trading network | The world's largest sea-based system of communication and exchange before 1500 C.E., Indian Ocean commerce stretched from southern China to eastern Africa and included not only the exchange of luxury and bulk goods but also the exchange of ideas and crops. |  | 7 |
| 7851782568 | Jie people | A nomadic people who controlled much of northern China in the third and fourth centuries; many converted to Buddhism. |  | 8 |
| 7851788431 | Malaysians | Speakers of Austronesian languages from what is now Indonesia who became major traders in Southeast Asia and Madagascar. |  | 9 |
| 7851794007 | monsoons | Alternating wind currents that blew eastward across the Indian Ocean in the summer and westward in the winter, facilitating trade. |  | 10 |
| 7851795856 | oasis cities of Central Asia | Cities such as Merv, Samarkand, Khotan, and Dunhuang that became centers of trans-Eurasian trade. |  | 11 |
| 7851797597 | pochteca | Professional merchants among the Aztecs. |  | 12 |
| 7851799137 | Sailendras | A kingdom of central Java that flourished from the eighth century to the tenth century C.E.; noted for being deeply influenced by Indian culture. |  | 13 |
| 7851801662 | Sand Roads | A term used to describe the routes of the trans-Sahara trade in Africa. |  | 14 |
| 7851803120 | Silk Roads | Land-based trade routes that linked Eurasia. |  | 15 |
| 7851804988 | Srivijaya | A Malay kingdom that dominated the Straits of Malacca between 670 and 1025 C.E.; noted for its creation of a native/Indian hybrid culture. |  | 16 |
| 7851806824 | Sudan | From the Arabic term for "land of black people," a large region of West Africa that became part of a major exchange circuit. |  | 17 |
| 7851808940 | Swahili civilization | An East African civilization that emerged in the eighth century C.E. from a blending of Bantu, Islamic, and other Indian Ocean trade elements. |  | 18 |
| 7851810861 | third-wave civilizations | Civilizations that emerged between 500 and 1500 C.E. and typified by intensifying trade networks. |  | 19 |
| 7851812683 | trans-Saharan slave trade | A fairly small-scale trade that developed in the twelfth century C.E., exporting West African slaves captured in raids across the Sahara for sale mostly as household servants in Islamic North Africa; the difficulty of travel across the desert limited the scope of this trade. |  | 20 |
| 7851815014 | Venice | An Italian city that by 1000 C.E. emerged as a major center of Mediterranean trade. |  | 21 |
| 7851852036 | In the period from 600 BCE to 1450, briefly explain *TWO* examples of cross-cultural interaction that occurred in Buddhism along the Silk Road. (CUL-1) (3.1.IIB) | *1.* Buddhism spread throughout Southeast Asia and East Asia making a separate branch Mahayan Buddhism *2.* It picked up Greek gods and influences as a result of Alexander's invasions | 22 | |
| 7851854260 | In the period from 600 CE to 1450, analyze *TWO* specific ways that governments affected the trade routes across time and place. | *1.* In Srivijaya, the government also made a navy providing security to the sea and protecting its merchants, thus promoting trade between civilizations. *2.* Governments had power to tax people coming into their ports, in Srivijaya, vessels had to pass through the Straits of Malacca and got taxed even if they wanted to get into China | 23 | |
| 7851859989 | From about 100 BCE onward, trade routes offered communication and exchange across a wide geographic area and among a wide group of different cultures and empires. a. For the Silk Road, identify and explain *TWO* goods (products) or technology that were traded along the Silk Road from the period from b. For the Indian Ocean Trade Network, identify and explain *TWO* goods (products) or technology that were traded along the Silk Road. c. For the Sand Roads (Trans Saharan Trade Network), identify and explain *TWO* goods (products) or technology that were traded along the Silk Road. | *a.* Silk Roads carried *silk*, *paper*, *porcelain*, *iron tools* and *spices*. The production of these technological advances reduced the production of crops since the peasants started to focus more on these products than on cultivating. *b.* Indian Ocean Trade Networks carried *gold*, *ivory*, *slaves*, and *iron*. *c.* Sand Roads carried *salt*, *gold*, and *slaves*. | 24 | |
| 7851868197 | In the period from 600 BCE to 1450 CE, briefly explain *TWO* examples of cross-cultural interaction that occurred in the Indian Ocean Trading Network. (CUL-1) (3.1.IIB) | *1.* As a result of the cross-cultural interactions Swahili language soon spread in Africa and was written in an Arabic script containing a mix of Arabic words. *2.* Because of the trade, the Swahili civilizations rapidly became Islamic and Islam linked the Swahili cities together with the larger Indian Ocean World | 25 | |
| 7851872529 | In the period from 600-1450 CE, identify *TWO* ways that the Swahili city-states benefited economically from Indian Ocean trading. | *1.* Swahili states were commercial centers that accumulated goods from the interior and exchanged for many other goods. *2.* City states became very wealthy with sharp distinctions between a mercantile elite and commoner class. | 26 | |
| 7851872530 | From 600- 1450 CE, explain *TWO* reasons that long-distance trade in the Americas was not as prominent as in Eurasia. | • Absence of domesticated mammals, wheeled vehicles and large oceangoing vessels. • The absence of these resources limited their interactions between civilizations because they had no sufficient way of trading without the proper transportation. •Their north/ south orientation. This orientation slowed the spread of agricultural products because agricultural practices had to move and adapt to distinct climatic and vegetation zones. | 27 | |
| 7851875798 | Explain *TWO* reasons that environmental factors were at the heart of the Trans-African trade routes in the period of 600-1450 CE. | *1.* The agricultural regions of sub-Saharan Africa are normally divided into two ecological zones: the savanna grasslands immediately south of the Sahara, which produced grained crops such as millet and sorghum; and the forest areas farther South, where root and tree crops such as yams and kola nuts predominated. These varied environments provided the economic incentive for the exchange of goods. It was largely dependant on the monsoon. *2.* Environmental factors played a big role in trans-Saharan trade because the trade was based on necessity and lack of goods between the grasslands as well as the forest regions. | 28 | |
| 7851882131 | From about 100 BCE onward, trade routes offered communication and exchange across a wide geographic area and among a wide group of different cultures and empires. a. For the Silk Road, identify and explain *TWO* cultural changes that resulted from trade along the Silk Road in the period from 600-1450 CE. b. For the Indian Ocean Trade Network, identify and explain *TWO* cultural changes that resulted from trade in areas of the Indian Ocean trading in the period from 600-1450 CE. c. For the Sand Roads (Trans Saharan Trade Network), identify and explain *TWO* cultural changes that resulted from trade along the Sand Road in the period from 600-1450 CE | *a.* • Silk Road - Buddhism spread as a result and changed to separate branches as a result of many outside influences • India also spread a system of numbers including 0 used today *b.* similar to question #4 *c.* similar to question #4 | 29 | |
| 7851887788 | In the period from 600-1450 CE, describe *TWO* differences in the relationship of the government and trade, as seen in the Aztec and Incan Empires. | *1.* The Aztecs traded off items such as bright feathers and the like. Aztecs were not able to trade off food often. Aztecs had central markets that were regulated, while Inca's government redistributed most of their goods. *2.* Inca government was very strict since they had such an established rule. Had a divided conquered territory, as Aztec did not directly administer or control territories. | 30 |
