Civilization in Eastern Europe: Byzantium and Orthodox Europe
AP World Civilization Third Edition
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| 3116515313 | Byzantine Empire | (330-1453) The eastern half of the Roman Empire, which survived after the fall of the Western Empire at the end of the 5th century C.E. Its capital was Constantinople, named after the Emperor Constantine; a continuation of the Roman Empire after it's fall | 0 | |
| 3116515314 | Hagia Sophia | Most famous example of Byzantine architecture, it was built under Justinian I and is considered one of the most perfect buildings in the world; a huge church; long one of the wonders of the Christian world; an achievement in agriculture as well as architecture. | 1 | |
| 3116515315 | Belisarius | One of Justinian's most important military commanders during period of reconquest of western Europe; commanded in north Africa and Italy | 2 | |
| 3116515316 | Greek Fire | Byzantine weapon consisting of mixture of chemicals (petroleum, quicklime, sulfur) that ignited when exposed to water; utilized to drive back Arab fleets that attacked Constantinople | 3 | |
| 3116515317 | Bulgaria | Slavic kingdom established in northern portions of Balkan peninsula; constant source of pressure on Byzantine Empire; defeated by Emperor Basil II in 1014 | 4 | |
| 3116515318 | Caesar | A title used by all Roman emperors; Justinian is the last emperor to use the title | 5 | |
| 3116515319 | tsar | The Russian term for ruler or king; taken from the Roman word caesar. | 6 | |
| 3116515320 | icon | a conventional religious painting in oil on a small wooden panel; venerated in the eastern orthodox church | 7 | |
| 3116515321 | iconoclasm | The breaking of images; a religious controvery of the 8th century; Byzantine emperor attempted, but failed, to surpress icon veneration | 8 | |
| 3116515322 | Cyril | Along with Methodius, missionary sent by Byzantine government to eastern Europe and the Balkans; converted southern Russia and Balkans to Orthodox Christianity; responsible for creation of written script for Slavic known as Cyrillic. | 9 | |
| 3116515323 | Methodius | Along with Cyril, missionary sent by Byzantine government to eastern Europe and the Balkans; converted southern Russia and Balkans to Orthodox Christianity; responsible for creation of written script for Slavic known as Cyrillic. | 10 | |
| 3116515324 | Kiev | Trade city in southern Russia established by Scandinavian traders in 9th century; became focal point for kingdom of Russia that flourished to 12th century. | 11 | |
| 3116515325 | Kieven Rus | or Kievan Russia, was a medieval polity in Europe, from the late 9th to the mid 12th century, when it disintegrated under the pressure of the Mongol invasion of 1237-1240. Ruler was Grand Duke of Kiev. boyars helped govern. very large; a monarchy with Rurik as the first prince; established in 855 c.e. | 12 | |
| 3116515326 | Rurik | Legendary Scandinavian regarded as founder of the first kingdom of Russia based in Kiev in 855 C.E. | 13 | |
| 3116515327 | Vladimir I | Grand prince of Kiev who converted to Orthodox Christianity and made it the state religion, One of the first Czars; Tried to expand south, which conflicted with Byzantine Empire. Eventually formed deal with emperor of BE; a Rurik descendant | 14 | |
| 3116515328 | Russian Orthodox Church | Russian form of Christianity imported from Byzantine Empire and combined with local religion; king characteristically controlled major appointments | 15 | |
| 3116515329 | boyars | Russian landholding aristocrats; possessed less political power than their western European counterparts | 16 | |
| 3116515330 | Hellenism | Blending of Egyptian, Persian and Greek culture; emphasis on philosophy and sciences.; Byzantine cultural life centered on the secular traditions of Hellenism | 17 | |
| 3116515331 | Secular | worldly; not pertaining to church matters or religion; temporal | 18 | |
| 3116515332 | Yuroslav | last of the great kievan monarchs; issued legal codification (written laws) based on formal codes developed in Byzantine | 19 | |
| 3116515333 | Tartars | Mongols; captured Russian cities and largely destroyed Kieven state in 1236; left Russian Orthodoxy and aristocracy intact | 20 | |
| 3116515334 | Latin | original language of the Byzantine empire | 21 | |
| 3116515335 | Greek | official language after latin | 22 | |
| 3116515336 | Justinian's achievements | rebuilt Constantinople, built Hagia Sophia, conquered North Africa, systemized the Roman Law Code, expanded and improved Byzantine empire, his wife (Theodora) began woman's rights, conquered italy | 23 | |
| 3116515337 | Eastern Othodox | no pope; used yeast in bread; priests may marry and have sexual relations | 24 | |
| 3116515338 | Roman Catholic | had pope; used NO yeast in bread; priests can't marry or have sexual relations | 25 | |
| 3116515339 | Celibacy | The state of one who has chosen to remain unmarried for the sake of the Kingdom of Heaven in order to give himself entirely to God and to the service of his people; cannot marry or have sexual relations | 26 | |
| 3116515340 | Excommunication | the most severe penalty for refusing to obey Roman Catholic Church laws; if you were excommunicated - could not be buried on sacred ground and could not receive the sacraments | 27 | |
| 3116515341 | Russia | "red"; "Scandinavian red heads"; Mongols disallowed new ideas into Russia which caused Russia to fall behind the West; Byzantine's most important step child | 28 | |
| 3116515342 | 1453 | Fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans (Turks). End of the Byzantine Empire. | 29 | |
| 3116515343 | 1205 | Fourth Crusade captures Constantinople. The Latin Empire of Constantinople is formed as well as many Byzantine successor states. The capture of Constantinople in 1204 was a blow from which the Byzantines never fully recovered. | 30 | |
| 3116515344 | 1054 | The Great Schism: The Latin Roman Church and the Greek Orthodox Church excommunicate each other. | 31 |
