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| 5915579870 | Belisarius | Byzantine general under Justinian I; he led expeditions to overthrow the Vandal kingdom in North Africa and occupied parts of Italy for Justinian |  | 0 |
| 5915579871 | Ravenna | Capital in Western Roman Empire, more strategic than Rome, easily accessible by sea from Constantinople and gave access to Rhine frontier (area of greatest military urgency) |  | 1 |
| 5915579872 | Balkans | Various peoples in this area of Eastern Europe rebelled against Ottoman rule, contributing to their imperial decline. |  | 2 |
| 5915579873 | Greek Fire | Flammable liquid used as a weapon by the Byzantine navy |  | 3 |
| 5915579874 | Hagia Sophia | Most famous example of Byzantine architecture, it was built under Justinian I and is considered one of the most perfect buildings in the world. |  | 4 |
| 5915579875 | Huns | large nomadic group from northern Asia who invaded territories extending from China to Eastern Europe. They virtually lived on their horses, herding cattle, sheep, and horses as well as hunting. |  | 5 |
| 5915579876 | icons | Holy images |  | 6 |
| 5915579877 | Rurik | Legendary Scandinavian, regarded as founder of the first kingdom of Russia based in Kiev in 855 C.E. | 7 | |
| 5915579878 | Theodora and Zoe | The two elderly daughters of Constantine VIII ruled the empire jointly for just over seven weeks in Spring 1042. They didn't get on very well together and so Zoe's new husband, Monomachus, took over the reins under the name of Constantine IX. |  | 8 |
| 5915579879 | Yaroslav I | ruled Kievan Russia from 1019-1054 AD; introduced Pravda Russkia |  | 9 |
| 5915579880 | Constantinople | A large and wealthy city that was the imperial capital of the Byzantine empire and later the Ottoman empire, now known as Istanbul |  | 10 |
| 5915579881 | Hellenistic Culture | Greek culture blended with Egyptian, Persian and Indian ideas, as a result of Alexander the Great's Empire. |  | 11 |
| 5915579882 | Manzikert | Seljuk Turk victory in 1071 over Byzantium; resulted in loss of the empire's rich Anatolian territory. |  | 12 |
| 5915579883 | Tsar | The Russian term for ruler or king; taken from the Roman word caesar. |  | 13 |
| 5915579884 | Justinian | Byzantine emperor in the 6th century A.D. who reconquered much of the territory previously ruler by Rome, initiated an ambitious building program , including Hagia Sofia, as well as a new legal code |  | 14 |
| 5915579885 | Sassanian Empire | Persian Empire which continued Persian traditions but instituted the Zoroastrian religion as the state religion. |  | 15 |
| 5915579886 | Iconoclasm | Opposing or even destroying images, especially those set up for religious veneration in the belief that such images represent idol worship. |  | 16 |
| 5915579887 | Vladimir I | Russian ruler who adopted Christianity as the religion for his people |  | 17 |
| 5915579888 | Cyrillic alphabet | an alphabet drived from the Greek alphabet and used for writing Slavic languages, used by Russians |  | 18 |
| 5915579889 | boyars | Russian landholding aristocrats; possessed less political power than their western European counterparts |  | 19 |
| 5915579890 | Orthodox Christian church | Eastern church which was created in 1053 after the schism from the western Roman church; its head is the patriarch of Constantinople. |  | 20 |
| 5915579891 | Bulgaria | This eastern European country pushed for economic liberalization in 1987 but was held back by the Soviet central state |  | 21 |
| 5915579892 | Byzantine Empire | (330-1453) The eastern half of the Roman Empire, which survived after the fall of the Western Empire at the end of the 5th century C.E. Its capital was Constantinople, named after the Emperor Constantine. |  | 22 |
| 5915579893 | Constantine | (274 CE - 337 CE) Roman Emperor between 306 CE and 337 CE. He issued the Edict of Milan which outlawed the persecution of Christians. He also founded the city of Constantinople, the future capital of the Byzantine Empire. |  | 23 |
| 5915579894 | Basil II | Macedonian emperor who campaigned against the Bulgars and annexed Bulgaria, Crete, Cyprus, and Syria, expanding the empire to the Euphrates |  | 24 |
| 5915579895 | Theodora | the wife of Justinian, she helped to improve the status of women in the Byzantinian Empire and encouraged her husband to stay in Constntinople and fight the Nike Revolt. |  | 25 |
| 5915579896 | Procopius | Historian of the Byzantine Empire who in his Secret History revealed the cruelty of the autocratic system in which the emperor ruled by divine providence. |  | 26 |
| 5915579897 | Cyril and Methodius | brothers who helped conversion of Slavic people; created Cyrillic alphabet |  | 27 |
| 5915579898 | Russian Orthodoxy | Russian form of Christianity imported from Byzantine Empire and combined with local religion; king characteristically controlled major appointments |  | 28 |
| 5915579899 | Magyars | Muslims who attacked Europe and converted to Christianity and established Hungary |  | 29 |
| 5915579900 | Tatars | Mongols who conquered Russian cities during the 13th century; left Russian church and aristocracy intact. |  | 30 |
