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AP World History Chapter 9 Flashcards

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7357390229Code of Manua collection of social codes based on early Indian customs from about 1000BCE; reflection of the Hindu idea that meaning in life can be found in fulfillment of one's caste duties0
7357390230Vedashymns and prayers to Gods, or lessons on the basis of universe1
7357390231Brahmathe supreme, indefinable principle of life; ultimate reality in the universe2
7357392562Dharmathe moral duties of a specific caste3
7357392563Karmathe accumulation of good and bad deeds during life4
7357394094Mokshathe liberation from the reincarnation cycle and unity with Brahma5
7357394095Dowriesproperty or money brought by a bride to her husband on their marriage.6
7357395951ShivaHindu God, the cosmic dancer wjp creates and destroys7
7357395952Vishnuthe preserver of creation, in reaching the ideal state of Brahma, or god-force8
7357396515Jainism1. the religion which believes in asceticism and that the only way for any soul to achieve the eternal oneness with Brahma was to rid itself of matter and rise to the top of universe as a soul 2. hierarchy, vegetarian and nonviolence9
7369182522Mahavirathe most influential thinker of Jainism who broached the idea that the whole universe is composed of souls and matter10
7369186055Gautamaalso known as Buddha11
7369186056Buddhameaning "Enlightened One", the person who concluded the "Four Noble Truths"12
73691876428 Fold Truthat the heart of which is self-knowledge, a willingness to be free of suffering and desire, and a decision to adopt "right conduct" and "right speech"; symbolized by a chariot wheel w/ 8 spokes13
7369187643Nirvanaa state of grace that can be reached after following the Eightfold Truth and releasing all desires14
7369190160Four Noble Truths1. Life is Suffering 2. Suffering is caused by desire. 3. one can be released from desire by following the Eighth Path, after which 4. a state of grace when desire is extinguished (Nirvana), releasing one from Karma15
7369194132Theravadaone sect of Buddhism-lower vehicle16
7369194133Mahayanaone sect of Buddhism-larger vehicle; many ways to salvation17
7369196709BodhisattvaMahayana Buddhism believes that Buddha in his previous lives have been a Bodhisattva - a wise being, who gives up Nirvana to help others18
7369196710Changraduptathe ruler of a small state of village who defeats the Greek general and builds an empire19
7369199408Kautilyathe adviser to Changradupta, Emperor of Mauryan20
7369199409Arthashastrawritten by Kautilya; advises emperors about how to amass power and use it by whatever means as long as the ruler pleases his subjects21
7369204052Battle of Kalingathe battle between Ashoka (Changradupta's grandson) and his brothers for the throne in the eastern Indian state of Kalinga22
7369204053Stupasdomelike structures that contain the remains of saintly monks; built by Ashoka, who altered converted to Buddhism23
7369205737Chandra Gupta Ithe ruler who came to power and established the Gupta Empire in the Ganges region24
7371206357Gupta (Empire)the empire emerged in 320CE, founded by Chandra Gupta I25
7371208412Fa-hsienthe Chinese Buddhist monk who came to India in search of Buddhist texts26
7371210411Kalidasaan Indian dramatist who wrote stories of romance and tranquility rather than the Greek-style tragedies27
7371214703Nalandawhere an austere Buddhist monastery/university housing 5000 students is built28
7371216100Arabic NumeralsIndian number system in 300BCE, consists of zeros and decimals29
7371225773Carakaa great Indian doctor like Hippocrates who teaches ethics for doctors30
7423332821Frescoespictures painted on the stucco31
7423336106Satiwidow's self-emulation at her husband's funeral32
7423340919White Hunsthe group of huns that ended the Gupta Empire in 500CE33
7423351826Rajaslocal princes, an Aryan legacy34

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