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| 5702020421 | Darius | (520 B.C.E.) Persian emperor ______ conquers northwest India and introduces Persian ruling pattern. | 0 | |
| 5702020422 | Alexander the Great | (327 B.C.E.) _________ of Macedon destroys Persian empire in India. Alexander's troops mutiny and depart after two years. His departure creates a political power vacuum. | 1 | |
| 5702020423 | Magadha | Central Ganges plain. The most significant remaining kingdom after Alexander's departure. Agriculture and trade economic strengths. Dominated the surrounding regions in northeastern India. | 2 | |
| 5702020424 | Chandragupta Maurya | Began taking over small regions of Magadha in 321BCE and worked his way to the center. Took advantage of power vacuum left by Alexander and overthrew Maghada rulers. | 3 | |
| 5702020425 | The Mauryan Dynasty | first unified Indian Empire created by Chandragupta Maurya. | 4 | |
| 5702020426 | Kautalya | Chandragupta's advisor | 5 | |
| 5702020427 | Arthashastra | Manual on instructions for administering an empire (foreign policies, economics/trade; domestic policies; spy network). written by Advisor Kautalya | 6 | |
| 5702020428 | Ashoka Maurya | Grandson of Chandragupta. Ruled during the high point of Mauryan empire (268-232 B.C.E.). Expanded empire to include all of Indian subcontinent except for southern tip. Much better known as a ruler than conqueror. | 7 | |
| 5702020429 | Pataliputra | capital Ashoka built. | 8 | |
| 5702020430 | Accomplishments under Ashoka | regions of India became fairly integrated. Encouraged the development of agriculture. Built extensive irrigation systems and roads (1,000 miles with inns and shade trees for travelers.) Makes India rich. Makes rules ending cattle sacrifice and wants peace. | 9 | |
| 5702020431 | Economic Crisis | following death of Ashoka (232 BCE), high costs of bureaucracy, military not supported by tax revenue. Salaries for soldiers and bureaucrats were expensive. | 10 | |
| 5702020432 | Bactria | Regional kingdom in Northwestern India. Ruled by Greek-speaking descendants of Alexander's campaigns. Intense cultural activity accompanies active trade. | 11 | |
| 5702020433 | Kush | Regional kingdom in Northern India/central Asia. Ca. 1-300 C.E. Maintained silk road trade network. | 12 | |
| 5702020434 | The Gupta Dynasty | Based in Magadha. Founded by Chandra Gupta (no relation to Chandragupt Maurya) in 320 C.E. Slightly smaller than Mauryan empire. High decentralized leadership. Foundations for studies in natural sciences and mathematics. | 13 | |
| 5702020435 | White Huns | Frequent invasions of _____ lead to the decline of the Gupta dynasty in fifth century C.E. | 14 | |
| 5702020436 | Mughal empire | Smaller local kingdoms dominate until ______ founded in 16th century. | 15 | |
| 5702020437 | Hindu Kush | Trade routes moved through the _____ Mountains and along the silk roads to trade cotton, aromatics, black pepper, pearls, gems, bullion, and silk. | 16 | |
| 5702020438 | monsoon winds | spring and summer - wind blows from SW fall and winter - from the NE | 17 | |
| 5702020439 | Caste system | social order from Aryan times included four main social classes:Brahmins, kshatriyas, vaishyas, and shudras | 18 | |
| 5702020440 | Brahmins | priests. First order of the Caste system. | 19 | |
| 5702020441 | Kshatriyas | warriors and aristocrats. Second order of the Caste System. | 20 | |
| 5702020442 | vaishyas | peasants and merchants. Third order of Caste system. | 21 | |
| 5702020443 | shudras | serfs. Fourth order of Caste system. | 22 | |
| 5702020444 | Jati | guilds that acted as sub-castes for artisans, craftsmen and others who did not fit easily. | 23 | |
| 5702020445 | varna | each of the four Hindu Castes | 24 | |
| 5702020446 | charvakas | atheists of 6th-5th century BCE | 25 | |
| 5702020447 | Vardhamana Mahavira | 540-468 B.C.E. converted to Jainism. Abandons privileged family to lead ascetic life. Emphasis on selfless living. Promotes 7th century movement based on Upanishads. | 26 | |
| 5702020448 | soul | Followers of Jainism believe that everything in the universe possess a ____. | 27 | |
| 5702020449 | ahimsa | principle of extreme nonviolence. Jainist sweep earth, strain water, use slow movements to avoid killing insects. Continues to inspire modern movements (Ghandi, MLK Jr.) | 28 | |
| 5702020450 | Siddhartha Gautama | 563-483 B.C.E. Encountered age, sickness, death, then monastic life. Abandoned comfortable life to become a monk. Intense mediation and extreme asceticism to achieve enlightenment and the name Buddha. | 29 | |
| 5702020451 | Nirvana | enlightenment that Buddha reached after intense meditation | 30 | |
| 5702020452 | Buddha | "the enlightened one" Title given to Siddhartha Guatama | 31 | |
| 5702020453 | Dharma | The Four Noble Truths: All life is suffering. There is an end to suffering. Removing desire removes suffering. This may be done through the Noble Eight-fold Path. | 32 | |
| 5702020454 | Noble Eight-fold Path | Right views, intention, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, concentration | 33 | |
| 5702020455 | vernacular | Buddhism did not use sanskrit, rather the use of ______. | 34 | |
| 5702020456 | Boddhisattvas | "saints" in Buddhism | 35 | |
| 5702020457 | Mahayana | Followers of ____ Buddhism called their faith "the greater vehicle" Believed the faith could "carry" more people to salvation. India, China, Japan, Korea, and Central Asia will flourish. | 36 | |
| 5702020458 | Hinayana | "lesser vehicle" earlier version of Buddhism in Ceylon, Burma, and Thailand. | 37 | |
| 5702020459 | Nalanda | One of the best known Buddhist monasteries. | 38 | |
| 5702020460 | Quasi-University | Offered studies of Buddhism, Hindu texts, philosophy, astronomy, medicine. | 39 | |
| 5702020461 | Mahabharata | Hindu story of epic civil war between two family branches | 40 | |
| 5702020462 | Ramayana | Hindu story of hero, Prince Rama, rescuing his wife, Sita, from the demon Ceylon. | 41 | |
| 5702020463 | Vishnu | Hindu story emphasis on god ______ and his incarnations. | 42 | |
| 5702020464 | Dharma | Hindus ethic of obedience to religious and moral laws | 43 | |
| 5702020465 | Artha | Hindu ethic of pursuit of economic well-being and honesty | 44 | |
| 5702020466 | Moksha | Hindus ethic of salvation of the soul. | 45 |
