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AP World History Chapter 9 Vocabulary Flashcards

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6414407246Abbasid caliphateDynasty of caliphs who ruled an increasingly fragmented Islamic state from 750 to 1258, eventually becoming little more than figureheads. (pron. ah-BASS-id)0
6414407247Al-AndalusArabic name for Spain (literally "the land of the Vandals"), most of which was conquered by Arab and Berber forces in the early eighth century C.E. (pron. al-AND-ah-loos)1
6414407248al-GhazaliGreat Muslim theologian, legal scholar, and Sufi mystic (1058-1111) who was credited with incorporating Sufism into mainstream Islamic thought. (pron. al-gha-ZAHL-ee)2
6414407249AnatoliaAncient name of Asia Minor, part of the Byzantine Empire that was gradually overrun by the Turks and that now is the Republic of Turkey. (pron. an-ah-TOLE-ee-yah)3
6414407250hijraThe "flight" of Muhammad and his original seventy followers from Mecca to Yathrib (later Medina) in 622 C.E.; the journey marks the starting point of the Islamic calendar. (pron. HIJ-ruh)4
6414407251House of WisdomAn academic center for research and translation of foreign texts that was established in Baghdad in 830 C.E. by the Abbasid caliph al-Mamun.5
6414407252Ibn BattutaFourteenth-century Arab traveler (1304-1368) who wrote about his extensive journeys throughout the Islamic world. (pron. IB-uhn ba- TOO-tuh)6
6414407253Ibn SinaOne of the greatest polymaths of the Islamic world (980-1037), a Persian who wrote prolifically on scientific (especially medical) and philosophical issues; he is often known as "Avicenna," the Latinized form of his name. (pron. ibn SEE-nah)7
6414407254jizyaSpecial tax paid by dhimmis in Muslim-ruled territory in return for freedom to practice their own religion. (pron. jeez-YAH)8
6414407255madrassasFormal colleges for higher instruction in the teachings of Islam as well as in secular subjects, founded throughout the Islamic world beginning in the eleventh century. (pron. MAH-dras-ahs)9
6414407256Mansa MusaMuslim King of Mali (ca. 1280-ca. 1337) who famously undertook a pilgrimage from his West African homeland to the holy city of Mecca (pron. MAN-sa MOO-sa).10
6414436402Pillars of IslamThe five core practices required of Muslims: a profession of faith, regular prayer, charitable giving, fasting during Ramadan, and a pilgrimage to Mecca (if financially and physically possible).11
6414407257QuranAlso transliterated as Qur'án and Koran, this is the most holy text of Islam, recording the revelations given to the prophet Muhammad. (pron. kuh- RAHN)12
6414407258shariaIslamic law, dealing with all matters of both secular and religious life. (pron. sha-REE-ah)13
6414407259SikhismA significant syncretic religion that evolved in India, blending elements of Islam and Hinduism; founded by Guru Nanak (1469- 1539). (pron. SEEK-ism)14
6414407260TimbuktuGreat city of West Africa, noted as a center of Islamic scholarship in the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries. (pron. tim-buk-TOO)15
6414407261ulamaIslamic religious scholars. (pron. oo-leh-MAH)16
6414407262Umayyad caliphateFamily of caliphs who ruled the Islamic world from 661 to 750 C.E. (pron. oo-MY-ad)17
6414407263ummaThe community of all believers in Islam. (pron. UM-mah)18

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