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| 140193394 | Sharia | body of Islamic law that includes interpretation of the Quran and applies Islamic principles to everyday life | 0 | |
| 140193395 | Benin | Powerful city-state(in present day Nigeria) which came into contact with the Portuguese in 1485 but remained relatively free of European influence; important commercial and political entity until the 19th century | 1 | |
| 140193396 | Sudanic states | kingdoms that developed during the height of Ghana's power, from the Senegal river to the Niger River. The states were ruled by a patriarch or council of elders. There was a core territorial area and then surrounding subordinate ones. The rulers of sudanic states were considered sacred and separate from their subjects. when islam spread to this area, only Royals practiced it and it was not spread to the people. | 2 | |
| 140193397 | Songhay | successor state to Mali; dominated Middle reaches of Niger Valley; capital at Gao; reached imperial status under Sunni Ali | 3 | |
| 140193398 | Ifriqiya | the Arabic term for Eastern North Africa | 4 |
