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| 140202826 | Bernard of Clairvaux | Emphasized role of faith in preference to logic; stressed importance of mystical union with God; successfully challenged Abelard and had him driven from the universities. | 0 | |
| 140202827 | Geoffrey Chaucer | English poet remembered as author of the Canterbury Tales (1340-1400) | 1 | |
| 140202828 | Hanseatic Leagues | An economic and defensive alliance of the free towns in northern Germany, founded about 1241 and most powerful in the fourteenth century. | 2 | |
| 140202829 | guilds | Associations of workers in the same occupation in a single city; stressed security and mutual control; limited membership, regulated apprenticeship, guaranteed good workmanship, discouraged innovations; often established franchise within cities. | 3 | |
| 140202830 | three estates | The three social groups considered most powerful in Western countries; church, nobles, and urban leaders. | 4 | |
| 140202831 | investiture | Practice of state appointment of bishops; Pope Gregory VII attempted to ban the practice of lay investitures, leading to war with Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV. | 5 | |
| 140202832 | Roger Bacon | great medieval scientist; English monk and philosopher, said thinkers were neglectign science; he predicted boats w/out oars, airplanes | 6 |
