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AP World History Chapter Thirty Two Notecards Flashcards

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9678094136Proxy WarsDuring the Cold War, local or regional wars in which the superpowers are, trained, and financed the combatants. 32.9160
9678096616Salvador AllendeSocialist politician elected president of Chile in 1970 and overthrown in 1973. He died during the military attack. 32.9161
9678096617Dirty WarWar waged by the Argentine military (1976-1983) against leftist groups. Characterized by the use of illegal imprisonment, torture, and executions by the military. 32.9172
9678097786SandinistasMembers of a leftist coalition that overthrew the Nicaraguan dictatorship of Anastasia Somoza in 1979 and attempted to install a socialist economy. The United States financed armed opposition by the Contras. The Sandinistas lost national elections in 1990. 32.9173
9678099921Ayatollah Ruhollah KhomeiniShi'ite philosopher and cleric who led the overthrow of the shah of Iran in 1979 and created an Islamic republic. 32.9194
9678100857Neo-LiberalismThe term used in Latin America and other developing regions to describe free-market policies that include reducing tariff protection for local industries, the sale of public-sector industries, like national airlines and public utilities, to private investors or foreign corporations: and the reduction of social welfare policies and public-sector employment. 32.9205
9678101904Saddam HusainPresident of Irag from 1979 until overthrown by an American-led invasion in 2003. Waged war on Iran from 1980 to 1988. His invasion of Kuwait in 1990 was repulsed in the Persian Gulf War in 1991. 32.9216
9678101905KeiretsuAlliances of corporations and banks that dominate the Japanese economy. 32.9227
9678103152Asian TigersCollective name for South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore nations that became economic powers in the 1970s and 1980s. 32.9228
9678104654Newly Industrialized Economies (NIEs)Rapidly growing, new industrial nations of the late twentieth century, including the Asian Tigers. 32.9239
9678105503Deng XiaopingCommunist Party leader who forced Chinese economic reforms after the death of Mao Zedong. 32.92310
9678106894Tiananmen SquareSite in Beijing where Chinese students and workers gathered to demand grater political openness in 1989. The demonstration was crushed by Chinese military with great loss of life. 32.92311
9678108182Mikhail GorbachevHead of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991. His liberalization effort improved relations with the West, but he lost power after his reforms led to the collapse of communist governments in eastern Europe. 32.92412
9678108183PerestroikaPolicy of "restructuring" the was the centerpiece of Mikhail Gorbachev's efforts to liberalize communism in the Soviet Union. 32.92413
9678110126SolidarityPolish trade union created in 1980 to protest working conditions and political repression. It began the nationalist opposition to communist rule that led in 1989 to the fall of communism in eastern Europe. 32.92414
9678111341Ethnic CleansingEffort to eradicate a people and its culture by means of mass killing and the destruction of historical buildings and cultural materials. Ethnic cleansing was used by both sides in the conflicts that accompanied the disintegration of Yugoslavia in the 1990s. 32.92515
9678111343Thomas MalthusEighteenth-century English intellectual who warned that population growth threatened future generations because, in his view population growth would always outstrip increases in agricultural production. 32.92716
9678113143Demographic TransitionA change in the rates of population growth. Before the transition, both birthrates and death rates are high, resulting in a slowly growing population; then the death rate drops but the birthrate remains high, causing a population explosion; finally the birthrate drops and the population growth slows down. 32.92817

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