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| 13098124574 | Decolonization | The collapse of colonial empires. Between 1947 and 1962, practically all former colonies in Asia and Africa gained independence. | 0 | |
| 13098125724 | Indian National Congress | A movement and political party founded in 1885 to demand greater Indian participation in government. Its membership was middle class, and its demands were modest until World War I. Led after 1920 by Mohandas K. Gandhi, appealing to the poor. | 1 | |
| 13098127471 | Mahatma Gandhi | Great revolutionary who led India to independence from Great Britain through passive resistance and civil disobedience based upon Henry David Thoreau's doctrines. | 2 | |
| 13098128229 | Satyagraha | "Truth force," a term used by Gandhi to describe peaceful boycotts, strikes, noncooperation, and mass demonstrations to promote Indian independence. | 3 | |
| 13098130191 | Muslim League | Founded in 1906 to better support demands of Muslims for separate electorates and legislative seats in Hindu-dominated India; represented division within Indian nationalist movement | 4 | |
| 13098134264 | Muhammad Ali Jinnah | Indian Muslim politician who founded the state of Pakistan. A lawyer by training, he joined the All-India Muslim League in 1913. As leader of the League from the 1920s on, he negotiated with the British/INC for Muslim Political Rights | 5 | |
| 13098136221 | African National Congress | South African political party established in 1912 by elite Africans who sought to win full acceptance in colonial society; it only gradually became a popular movement that came to control the government in 1994. | 6 | |
| 13098137665 | Nelson Mandela | South African statesman who was released from prison to become the nation's first democratically elected president in 1994 (born in 1918) | 7 | |
| 13098139108 | Black Consciousness | South African movement that sought to foster pride, unity, and political awareness among the country's African majority and often resorted to violent protest against white minority rule. | 8 | |
| 13098141253 | Soweto | Impoverished black neighborhood outside Johannesburg, South Africa, and the site of a violent uprising in 1976 in which hundreds were killed; that rebellion began a series of violent protests and strikes that helped end apartheid. | 9 | |
| 13098142945 | Democracy in Africa | 1914-Present : A subject of debate among scholars, the democracies established in the wake of decolonization in Africa proved to be fragile and often fell to military coups or were taken over by single-party authoritarian systems; Africa's initial rejection of democracy has sometimes been taken as a sign that Africans were not ready for democratic politics or that traditional African culture did not support it | 10 | |
| 13098151148 | economic development | Process of improving economic/material conditions of people through the diffusion of knowledge and technology | 11 | |
| 13098156371 | Kemal Ataturk | Turkish statesman who abolished the caliphate and founded Turkey as a modern secular state (1881-1938) | 12 | |
| 13098160297 | Ayatollah Khomeini | Shiite religious leader of Iran, led the 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran and ordered the invasion of the US Embassy. | 13 |
