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| 367205940 | Mohandas K. Gandhi | Leader of the Indian independence movement and advocate of nonviolent resistance. After being educated as a lawyer in England, he returned to India and became leader of the Indian National Congress in 1920. | 0 | |
| 367205941 | Jawaharlal Nehru | Indian statesman. He succeeded Mohandas K. Gandhi as leader of the Indian National Congress. He negotiated the end of British colonial rule in India and became India's first prime minister (1947-1964). | 1 | |
| 367205942 | Haile Salassie | Emperor of Ethiopia, symbol of African independence; fought Italian invasion, regained throne during WWII | 2 | |
| 367205943 | Emiliano Zapata | Revolutionary and leader of peasants in the Mexican Revolution. He mobilized landless peasants in south-central Mexico in an attempt to seize and divide the lands of the wealthy landowners. Though successful for a time, he was ultimately defeated and assassinated. | 3 | |
| 367205944 | Lazaro Cardenas | President of Mexico (1934-1940). He brought major changes to Mexican life by distributing millions of acres of land to the peasants, bringing representatives of workers and farmers into the inner circles of politics, and nationalizing the oil industry | 4 | |
| 367205945 | Juan Peron | President of Argentina (1946-1955, 1973-1974). As a military officer, he championed the rights of labor. Aided by his wife Eva Duarte Peron, he was elected president in 1946. He built up Argentinean industry, became very popular among the urban poor. | 5 | |
| 367205946 | iron curtain | Winston Churchill's term for the Cold War division between the Soviet-dominated East and the U.S.-dominated West. | 6 | |
| 367205947 | Cold War | An ideological struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union that was conducted between 1946 and 1991 | 7 | |
| 367205948 | Warsaw Pact | The 1955 treaty binding the Soviet Union and countries of eastern Europe in an alliance against the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. | 8 | |
| 367205949 | Marshall Plan | A plan that the US came up with to revive war-torn economies of Europe. This plan offered $13 billion in aid to western and Southern Europe. | 9 | |
| 367205950 | Truman Doctorine | A US policy announced by President Harry Truman of providing economic and military aid to free nations threatened by internal or external opponents | 10 | |
| 367205951 | Helsinki Accords | Political and human rights agreement signed in Helsinki, Finland, by the Soviet Union and western European countries. (p. 839) | 11 | |
| 367205952 | OPEC | Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, an organization of countries formed in 1961 to agree on a common policy for the production and sale of petroleum | 12 | |
| 367205953 | proxy wars | During the Cold War, local or regional wars in which the superpowers armed, trained, and financed the combatants. | 13 | |
| 367205954 | Dirty War | War waged by the Argentine military (1976-1982) against leftist groups. Characterized by the use of illegal imprisonment, torture, and executions by the military. (p. 857) | 14 | |
| 367205955 | Suddam Husain | President of Iraq from 1979 until overthrown by an American-led invasion in 2003; waged war on Iran from 1980 to 1988; his invasion of Kuwait in 1990 was repulsed in the Persian Gulf War in 1991 | 15 | |
| 367205956 | keiretsu | Alliances of corporations and banks that dominate the Japanese economy. (p. 861) | 16 | |
| 367205957 | Deng Xiaoping | Communist Party leader who forced Chinese economic reforms after the death of Mao Zedong. | 17 | |
| 367205958 | Tiananmen Square | Site in Beijing where Chinese students and workers gathered to demand greater political openness in 1989. The demonstration was crushed by Chinese military with great loss of life. | 18 | |
| 367205959 | perestroika | a policy initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev that involved restructuring of the social and economic status quo in communist Russia towards a market based economy and society | 19 | |
| 367205960 | solidarity | Polish trade union created in 1980 to protest working conditions and political repression. It began the nationalist opposition to communist rule that led in 1989 to the fall of communism in eastern Europe. | 20 | |
| 367205961 | globalization | the increasing interdependence of citizens and nations across the world | 21 | |
| 367205962 | weapons of mass destruction | nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons that can kill tens of thousands of people all at once | 22 | |
| 367205963 | terrorism | Political belief that extreme and seemingly random violence will destabilize a government and permit the terrorists to gain political advantage. Though an old technique, terrorism gained prominence in the late 20th Century (890) | 23 | |
| 367205964 | global pop culture | Popular cultural practices and institutions that have been adopted internationally, such as music, the INternet, television, food, and fashion. | 24 | |
| 367205965 | global elite culture | At the begining of the twenty-first century, the attitudes and outlook of well-educated, propserous, Western-oriented people around the world, largely expressed in European languages, especially English. | 25 |
