Terms : Hide Images
| 6553806645 | The Warring States | The period from 5th century BC to the unification of China, by the Qin Dynasty in 221 BC, when regional warlords battled among each other and there was no ruler. (475-221 BCE), took place during the Zhou Dyn | 0 | |
| 6553806646 | Confucianism | The Analects. Clear set of rules for moral behavior and for family and political order. - Man naturally inclined toward harmony - Family: focus of ethical action, mini-state - Education to serve the state - Filial piety: Children have devotion to their elders, obedience to those in political control. Family is model of state - Patriarchy | 1 | |
| 6553806647 | Daoism | Close connections between humans and nature, a balance and harmony in all things; it also stressed deep respect for ancestors - Encouraged people to look away from human creations and instead find peace and balance in nature's examples - Laozi. Yin-Yang. | 2 | |
| 6553806648 | Legalism | - Believes man is inherently bad - Needs authority of state to control human nature - Strict laws, harsh punishments - Qin Dyn. | 3 | |
| 6553806649 | Civil Service Exams | Used in Han Dynasty, then picked up again by Tang and Song, then dropped by Yuan (Mongols) and restored by Ming Dynasty Was a test given to qualify candidates for positions in the government. | 4 | |
| 6553806650 | Grand Canal | The 1,100-mile waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire. | 5 | |
| 6553806651 | Compass | Magnetic compass developed during Han Dynasty. Greatly influenced maritime trade navigational routes during Song Dynasty. (Original compass developed during Qin) | 6 | |
| 6553806652 | Printing Press | Part of Chinas "Four Great Inventions" (Paper, Gunpowder, Printing, Compass) Movable printing developed during Song Dynasty | 7 | |
| 6553806653 | Gunpowder | Developed during Tang Dynasty It was used to make explosives and grenades and to propel cannonballs, shot, and bullets | 8 | |
| 6553806654 | Ming Treasure Ships | Used during Zheng He's voyages. Held up to 500 men per ship. | 9 | |
| 6553806655 | Zheng He | An imperial Muslim, entrusted by the Ming emperor Zhu Di with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa. - Established trade links with distance regions until 1433 | 10 | |
| 6553806656 | Qing Successes and Failures | Successes: Improvements in agriculture, including higher yielding rice seeds, the importation of crops from the Americas (corn, sweet potatoes) and new techniques of fertilization and irrigation, supported a booming population Failures: - Without an industrial revolution, peasants had to live off smaller plots of land -- sparked unemployment, poverty, and starvation - Qing's bureaucracy did not keep pace with government. Central authority could not keep pace with local order. Officials were corrupt, external pressure from foreign militaries and economic influence added to internal problems. Attempts to modernize failed. - Many believed Qing government was outdated with West. Chinese losses- Sino-Japanese Wars - lost Korea and lost Vietnam with France. | 11 | |
| 6553806657 | Sun Yet-Sen | Wanted to unite Han Chinese against the Qing - Eliminate Manchu rule - Democracy - Equal rights to land - Defend China's borders against foreign pressure Three People's Principles claimed by Sun upon what principles the Chinese nation should be based: Democracy (create a nation that not only belongs to the citizens but is also socially responsible, Livelihood (more land opportunity as owners receive a profit, and abolishment of taxes), and Nationalism (power of nation, unite the Han | 12 | |
| 6553806658 | Guomindang | Political party led by Sun- sponsored mass organizations of worker's unions, peasant leagues, and women associations | 13 | |
| 6553806659 | Chiang Kai-shek | Seized control of the party following Sun's death. Successful military campaign- reunify the country and established a new nationalist government with capital in Nanjing. Broke with Soviets and Chinese communists while fighting for Diplomacy. Unlike Sun, Chiang vigorously opposed cooperation with communists and "Nationalists" supporting the Republic. | 14 | |
| 6553806660 | Long March | The 6,000-mile flight of Chinese Communists from southeastern to northwestern China. The Communists, led by Mao Zedong, were pursued by the Chinese army under orders from Chiang Kai-shek | 15 | |
| 6553806661 | Chinese Communist Party Rise and Revolution | At the end of World War II, China's civil war restarted and, in 1949, the communists, led by Mao Zedong, were victorious. Mao's government officially granted full legal and voting rights to women, which was a radical change from China's past. Mao's main support came from agrarian peasants. In the late 1950's, Mao pushed a Great Leap Forward that promoted industrial output over agricultural production. The result was an agrarian catastrophe that led to death by starvation for as many as 20 million people. | 16 | |
| 6553806662 | Cultural Revolution | Mao's response to the Great Leap Forward. Its aim was to attack the Four Olds-- old ideas, old culture, old customs, and old habits--in order to bring the areas of education, art and literature in line with Communist ideology | 17 | |
| 6553806663 | Four Modernizations | Promoted by Deng Xiaoping. Emphasized the need for improvement in the areas of Agriculture, Industry, Science, and National Defense in China. An important aspect of modernization was education. Educational institutions had been dismantled during the Cultural Revolution, and it was deemed significant to rebuild them. | 18 | |
| 6553843296 | Oracle bone script | The first writing in China | 19 |
