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| 7844857000 | Old Babylonian Empire | The ruler largely responsible for this rise to power for this empire was Hammurabi (the sixth king of the 1st dynasty). He forged coalitions between the separate city-states, promoted science and scholarship, and promulgated his famous code of law | 0 | |
| 7844858174 | Akkadians | Semitic people that are credited with having the first empire in history. The man responsible for this empire and their greatest ruler was Sargon the Great. His success was due to implementing the composite bow and an earlier phalanx military formation. | 1 | |
| 7844861237 | Canaanites | This group of people emerged around modern Israel, Lebanon, Syria and Jordan. Shortly after Abraham moved his people into their land they became enemies of the Hebrews because they practiced a decadent and idolatrous religion which treatened to pollute the Hebrew faith. Their main god was El. | 2 | |
| 7844861845 | Nubians | This group was centered the upper Nile past the 2nd cataract. The Kingdom of Kush was conquered by the Egyptians due to their abundance of natural resources (gold & iron) and would later conquer the Egyptians (747 BCE.) and establish a dynasty of their own over most of Egypt except what Assyria claimed. | 3 | |
| 7844863074 | Aryans | This group of invaders conquered ancient India from the north. Their literature, religion, and social organization subsequently shaped the course of Indian culture, particularly the Vedic religion. | 4 | |
| 7844864780 | Hittites | This group of Indo-European sacked Babylon (1595 BCE), effectively ending the first Babylonian Empire. They are the first people to work iron allowing them to dominate Anatolia. They assimilated other cultures into their own and held an important role as transmitting Mesopotamian culture to later civilizations, especially Mycenaean Greeks. | 5 | |
| 7844865538 | Harrapans | Early Indian society concerned more with trade than warfare. Their achievements include: urban planning, water & sewage systems, first developed system of uniform weights and measures. | 6 | |
| 7844866249 | Assyrians | This Semitic-speaking people would establish the largest empire to date. This empire is chiefly remembered for its military prowess, advances in weaponry, and meticulously recorded conquests/ library at Nineveh. Their expanse also contributed to the demise of the Hittites. | 7 | |
| 7844867064 | Hebrews | Group of pastoral people out of Mesopotamia into the land of Canaan. He took with him the customs and laws common to Mesopotamian people (ie. Lex Talionis) . This group is considered the world's first monotheistic faith and laid the religious foundation for two of the world largest faiths, Christianity & Islam. | 8 | |
| 7844867840 | Phoenicians | This civilization (of Canaanite decent) emerged around Lebanon as Hittite & Egyptian power eroded. They mainly were a collection of trading colonies along the Mediterranean, their most famous city being Carthage. Culturally, this group is best known for being transmitters of civilization and are responsible with creating the first alphabet. | 9 | |
| 7844868888 | Egyptians | This empire centered on the Nile River and was ruled by a dynasty of pharaohs. They invented papyrus paper and built the mighty pyramids, which were the tallest structures on earth for over 3800 years. | 10 | |
| 7844869556 | Zhou | This civilization was marred by constant fighting between warring nobles. They were responsible for creating the Mandate of Heaven concept to justify their rebellion against the proceeding dynasty. | 11 | |
| 7844870253 | Minoans | This civilization of traders and sailors flourished on the island of Crete. While their writing system and sudden disappeared remain a mystery, their unique art, architecture, and mythology contributed significantly to the development of ancient Greece. | 12 | |
| 7844871281 | Bantu | This group started migrating into Sub-Saharan Africa. They were significant vehicles of cultural diffusion. They are responsible for more than 500 languages that evolved from their language and spreading iron and farming in Sub-Saharan Africa. | 13 | |
| 7844872168 | Mycenaeans | Society of warlike people from mainland Greece. They were the first Greek speaking people and likely conquered the people living on the island of Crete. | 14 | |
| 7844874626 | Sumerians | Around 5000 BCE. these non-semitic inhabitants of Mesopotamia starting building the world first cities. They are credited with inventing the wheel, the plow, a base 60 numbering system, cuneiform writing and the 1st to use bronze. | 15 | |
| 7844875414 | Chaldeans/Neo-Babylonians | The start of this kingdom began with a revolt to Assyrian rule. They would later go on to conquer the kingdom of Judah and completely destroyed Jerusalem. Their most famous king was Nebuchadnezzar II, who built the hanging gardens and enslaved the Jews in Babylon. | 16 | |
| 7844878648 | Chavin | This civilization was the first major urban civilization in South America and helped to lay a foundation for the Incan civilization. | 17 | |
| 7844879414 | Shang | Chinese dynasty whose biggest achievement was the development of a refined writing system that had over 2000 symbols. | 18 | |
| 7844880343 | Olmecs | This civilization was the forerunner of all subsequent Mesoamerican cultures. They are credited with the first writing system in the Americas, and an early calendar. | 19 |
