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| 3291715740 | Mayan Empire | located in Central America -- collection of city states under one king -- developed the calendar -- religiously imbued warfare -- ridged field system -- Chichen Itza -- farmed cotton and maize -- ball sport -- developed the zero | 0 | |
| 3291715741 | Tikal | the most important Mayan political center | 1 | |
| 3291715742 | Mauryan Empire | located in India -- founded by Chandragupta Maurya -- Ashoka Maurya was greatest leader -- economy centered around trade -- powerful military -- Buddism conversion lead to pacifism -- Rock and Pillar Edicts | 2 | |
| 3291715743 | Gupta Empire | located in India -- rose from the decline of the Mauryan Empire -- founded by Chandra Gupta -- decentralized -- developed a numeral system, pi, and zero -- Hinduism -- child marriage -- fell due to White Huns | 3 | |
| 3291715744 | Qin Dynasty | located in China -- extremely short -- founded by Qin Shihuangdi -- constructed Great Wall of China -- standardized laws, weights, measures, and writing -- no dissent or you die -- Legalism | 4 | |
| 3291715745 | Han Dynasty | located in China -- rose from the collapse of the Qin Dynasty -- Wu Ti, warrior emperor, expanded territory control -- Confucianism -- civil service exam -- Wang Mang caused the fall of the dynasty | 5 | |
| 3291715746 | Ancient Greece | located in the Mediterranean -- collection of city-states -- Athens and Sparta -- first democracy -- polytheistic -- The Persian Wars -- Pericles -- Socrates, Plato, Aristotle -- Archimedes, Hippocrates, Euclid, Pythagoras -- Homer -- Peloponnesian War -- conquered by Macedonia | 6 | |
| 3291715747 | polis | a Greek city-state. This is where we get words such as metropolis. | 7 | |
| 3291715748 | Draco and Solon | Greek aristocrats who helped create the democracy in Athens | 8 | |
| 3291715749 | The Persian Wars | multiple wars the Ancient Greeks fought against the Persians. Victories by the Greeks at Marathon and Salamis. | 9 | |
| 3291715750 | Pericles | Ancient Athenian leader who led Greece (especially Athens) to a golden age | 10 | |
| 3291715751 | Delian League | an alliance between Greek city-states against aggression from common enemies | 11 | |
| 3291715752 | Homer | wrote the Illiad and the Odyssey | 12 | |
| 3291715753 | Peloponnesian War | a civil war between the various city states of Ancient Greece | 13 | |
| 3291715754 | Phillip of Macedon | a great Macedonian leader. Conquered all of Ancient Greece. | 14 | |
| 3291715755 | Alexander the Great | a even-greater Macedonian leader. Conquered all of Persia, and didn't stop till he reached India. Spread Hellenistic culture all over Eurasia. | 15 | |
| 3291715756 | Antigonid, Ptolemaic, Seleucid | Three sub-empires used to rule all the land Alexander conquered. Ptolemaic was the wealthiest and created the Alexandria Museum and Library of Alexandria. | 16 | |
| 3291715757 | Roman Republic | located in Europe -- republic -- patricians, plebians, and slaves -- The Senate -- The Assembly -- Twelve Tables of Rome -- Punic Wars -- collapsed and from its ruins rose the Roman Empire | 17 | |
| 3291715758 | Twelve Tables of Rome | written civil laws instantiated in and used to govern Rome | 18 | |
| 3291715759 | "pater familias" | a Roman social structure stating that the eldest male in the family has the most power | 19 | |
| 3291715760 | Punic Wars | three wars fought between Rome and Carthage to gain control of territory. These wars ended with Carthage being burnt to the ground. | 20 | |
| 3291715761 | Hannibal | a great Carthaginian general who crossed the Alps on elephants to attack Rome. | 21 | |
| 3291715762 | Roman Empire | still located in Europe -- triumvirates -- Julius Caesar -- Augustus Caesar -- Pax Romana -- Pantheon -- Colosseum -- Forum -- Aqueducts and Roads -- converted to Christianity -- division into East/West Rome -- pressure from the Huns -- Western Rome collapsed and Eastern Rome turned into the smaller Byzantine Empire | 22 | |
| 3291715763 | first triumvirate | Pompey, Crassus, and Julius Caesar | 23 | |
| 3291715764 | second triumvirate | Octavius (Augustus), Marc Antony, and Lepidus | 24 | |
| 3291715765 | "Pax Romana" | a term meaning "Roman Peace" | 25 | |
| 3291715766 | Emperor Nero | a Roman emperor that persecuted Christians | 26 | |
| 3291715767 | Edict of Milan | a Roman law issued by Emperor Constantine that stopped the persecution of Christians | 27 | |
| 3291715768 | Diocletian | a Roman emperor that divided Rome into East/West Rome and employed innovative administration | 28 | |
| 3291715769 | Constantine | a Roman emperor that created Constantinople, issued the Edict of Milan, and ruled Rome until his death | 29 | |
| 3291715770 | Polytheism | a religious idea that many religions fell under during the classical period. Refers to many gods. | 30 | |
| 3291715771 | Confucianism | a Chinese philosophy as to how government should run. Founded by Confucius. Used effectively during the Han Dynasty. Five fundamental relationships: rule and subject, parent and child, husband and wife, older brother and younger brother, and friend and friend. Did not spread widely out of China. | 31 | |
| 3291715772 | junzi | a Confucianism term meaning educated, conscientious, and able to put aside personal ambition for the good of the state | 32 | |
| 3291715773 | Ren | one of three values of Confucianism. Meaning a sense of humanity, kindness, and benevolence. | 33 | |
| 3291715774 | Li | one of three values of Confucianism. Meaning a sense of property, courtesy, respect, and deference to elders. | 34 | |
| 3291715775 | Xiao | one of three values of Confucianism. Meaning filial piety, or respect for family obligation. | 35 | |
| 3291715776 | Daoism | a Chinese philosophy embracing passiveness and yielding. Founded by Lao Tzu. Focused more on individuals rather than society. | 36 | |
| 3291715777 | Legalism | a Chinese philosophy that maintained that peace and order were achievable only through a centralized, tightly governed state. Did not trust human nature and employed laws and strict punishments. Used effectively by the Qin Dynasty. | 37 | |
| 3291715778 | Hinduism | an Indian religion that originated with the Aryans. Believed in one supreme force called Brahma. Hindu gods were manifestations of the Brahma. Believed in the caste system and reincarnation. The Vedas and the Upanishads are the closet thing to sacred texts. | 38 | |
| 3291715779 | Buddhism | an originally Indian religion that was founded by Siddhartha Gautama. Focuses more on ones self rather than gods or other forces. Believed in the Four Noble Truths. Believed in the Eightfold Path. Believed in nirvana, a state of perfect peace and harmony. Split from Hinduism and rejects the caste system. After the Buddha's death, it split into two sects: Theravada and Mahayana. | 39 | |
| 3291715780 | Four Noble Truths | 1) All life is suffering 2) Suffering is caused by desire 3) One can be freed of this desire 4) One is freed of desire by following the Eightfold Path | 40 | |
| 3291715781 | Theravada (Hinayana) | a Buddhism sect, means, "the Way of the Elders". Stays true to the teachings of Buddha and emphasized meditation, simplicity, and an interpretation of nirvana as the renunciation of human consciousness and of the self. | 41 | |
| 3291715782 | Mahayana | a Buddhism sect, means, "the Lesser Vehicle". Involves more rituals that Buddha specified. Buddha became a godlike deity. Believes in bodhisattvas, those who have achieved nirvana but choose to stay on earth. Relied more on priests and scriptures. | 42 | |
| 3291715783 | Judaism | a religion claiming that the Hebrews are the chosen people. One of the first monotheistic religions. Believed the task of human beings was to serve god by following the Laws of Moses. Sacred text was the Torah. Was not evangelical. Birthed Christianity and Islam. | 43 | |
| 3291715784 | Christianity | This religion could be considered the extension of Judaism. It centers around the teaching of Jesus of Nazareth. He taught devotion to God and love for human beings. He was crucified by the Roman empire and his followers believed that he died for their sins. This religion teaches that everlasting life is achievable through belief in Jesus Christ. Spread by Jesus himself and Paul of Tarsus. It eventually became the official religion of the Roman Empire. | 44 | |
| 3291715785 | Paul of Tarsus | an extreme anti-Christian who was converted by a vision of Christ and became a principle head for spreading Christianity. | 45 | |
| 3291715786 | stirrup | an invention developed among the nomadic societies of the Eurasian steppe. Allowed people to ride horses. | 46 |
