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| 2227348456 | Agriculture | The science, art, or occupation concerned with cultivating land, raising crops, and feeding, breeding, and raising livestock; farming. | 0 | |
| 2227350739 | Agrarian | Concerning farms, farmers, or the use of land | 1 | |
| 2227351691 | Bands/Clans | Family groups | 2 | |
| 2227352296 | Barbarian | A person belonging to a tribe or group that is considered uncivilized | 3 | |
| 2227352740 | Bureaucracy | A large, complex organization composed of appointed officials | 4 | |
| 2227352984 | Civilization | A complex, highly organized social order | 5 | |
| 2227353440 | City-States | A central city and its surrounding villages, which together follow the same law, have one form of government, and share languages, religious beliefs, and ways of life. | 6 | |
| 2227353787 | Classical | Of, relating to, or characteristic of Greek and Roman antiquity | 7 | |
| 2227355545 | Domestication | The conscious manipulation of plant and animal species by humans in order to sustain themselves. | 8 | |
| 2227355972 | Economy | A system in which people make, exchange and use things that have value. | 9 | |
| 2227356643 | Egalitarian | Favoring social equality; believing in a society in which all people have equal political, economic, and civil rights | 10 | |
| 2227357949 | Emperor | The ruler of an empire | 11 | |
| 2227358281 | Empire | A group of states or territories controlled by one ruler | 12 | |
| 2227358600 | Feudalism | A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land. | 13 | |
| 2227358894 | Foraging | the act of searching for food and provisions | 14 | |
| 2227362288 | Hierarchy | A group or system in which positions of power are ranked, usually from lowest to highest | 15 | |
| 2227362688 | Hierarchical | The spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places. | 16 | |
| 2227363942 | Hunter-Gatherer | People who hunt animals and gather wild plants, seeds, fruits, and nuts to survive | 17 | |
| 2227363943 | Irrigation | A way of supplying water to an area of land | 18 | |
| 2227364379 | Monarchy | A government ruled by a king or queen | 19 | |
| 2227364380 | Monotheism | Belief in one God | 20 | |
| 2227364747 | Neolithic | (10,000 - 8,000 BCE) The development of agriculture and the domestication of animals as a food source. This led to the development of permanent settlements and the start of civilization. "New Stone Age" | 21 | |
| 2227365168 | Nomadic | (of groups of people) tending to travel and change settlements frequently | 22 | |
| 2227365169 | Pastoral | ADJ. Of or relating to shepherd or herders: Of relating to or used for animal husbandry: | 23 | |
| 2227366154 | Paleolithic | Old Stone Age | 24 | |
| 2227366684 | Philosophy | An organized system of thought, from the Greek for "love of wisdom" | 25 | |
| 2227367937 | Polytheism | Belief in many gods | 26 | |
| 2227368820 | River Valley | River Valleys provided water and rich soil for the crops as well protection. It were "Cradles of Civilization" made major contributions to social , political, and economic progress. | 27 | |
| 2227369037 | Sedentary | Remaining in one place | 28 | |
| 2227369281 | Settlement | A permanent collection of buildings and inhabitants. | 29 | |
| 2227369282 | Substinence | Growing enough food to feed one's self and its' family | 30 | |
| 2227369475 | Surplus | A situation in which quantity supplied is greater than quantity demanded | 31 | |
| 2227369689 | Sustenance | Nourishment | 32 | |
| 2227370032 | Theocracy | A government controlled by religious leaders | 33 | |
| 2227370232 | Traditional | An economy in which production is based on customs and traditions and economic roles are typically passed down from one generation to the next. | 34 | |
| 2227370508 | Urbanization | An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements. | 35 | |
| 2227370510 | Vassals | Lesser lords who pledged their service and loyalty to a greater lord -- in a military capacity | 36 | |
| 2227371238 | Alexander the Great | Son of Philip II; received military training in Macedonian army and was a student of Aristotle; great leader; conquered much land in Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, and Mesopotamia; goal was to conquer the known world | 37 | |
| 2227371901 | Analects of Confucius | The collection of sayings and ideas attributed to the Chinese philosopher Confucius and his contemporaries, traditionally believed to have been written by Confucius' followers | 38 | |
| 2227371902 | Bronze Age | A period between the Stone and Iron ages, characterized by the manufacture and use of bronze tools and weapons | 39 | |
| 2227372153 | Byzantium | The civilization that developed from the eastern Roman Empire following the death of the emperor Justinian (C.E. 565) until the fall of Constantinople in 1453. | 40 | |
| 2227372679 | Calendar | a system of timekeeping that defines the beginning and length and divisions of the year | 41 | |
| 2227374426 | Code of Hammurabi | A collection of 282 laws. One of the first (but not THE first) examples of written law in the ancient world. | 42 | |
| 2227374427 | Cuneiform | A system of writing in which wedge-shaped symbols represented words or syllables. It originated in Mesopotamia and was used initially for Sumerian and Akkadian but later was adapted to represent other languages of western Asia. Because so many symbols had to be learned, literacy was confined to a relatively small group of administrators and scribes. | 43 | |
| 2227374710 | Democracy | A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them | 44 | |
| 2227375193 | Eightfold Path | In Buddhism, the basic rules of behavior and belief leading to an end of suffering | 45 | |
| 2227375513 | Four Noble Truths | As taught by the Buddha, the four basic beliefs that form the foundation of Buddhism. | 46 | |
| 2227375745 | Gothic Migration | Germanic nomads pushed into West Rome by the Huns | 47 | |
| 2227375992 | Indian Ocean Trade | Connected to Europe, Africa, and China.; worlds richest maritime trading network and an area of rapid Muslim expansion. | 48 | |
| 2227375993 | Iron Age | Historians' term for the period during which iron was the primary metal for tools and weapons. The advent of iron technology began at different times in different parts of the world. | 49 | |
| 2227376353 | Jewish Diaspora | The global dispersion of the Jewish people from their ancestral homeland (in modern-day Israel), with a history dating back millennia. | 50 | |
| 2227376531 | Legalism | A Chinese philosophy that was devoted to strengthen and expand the state through increased agricultural work and military service. | 51 | |
| 2227376824 | Pyramids | Huge stone tombs with four triangle-shaped walls that met in a point on top | 52 | |
| 2227378885 | Shang Civilization | China's first dynasty almost 2000 BCE | 53 | |
| 2227378886 | Shi Huang Di | Qin dynasty - reunified china, legalistic, introduced the standard units of money, unified the great wall, buried with 7000 terracotta soldiers, hated confucianism, died by accidental poisoning | 54 | |
| 2227379236 | Siddharta Gautama | The founder of the Buddist religion,he was known as Buddha or "the enlightened one". | 55 | |
| 2227379659 | The Vedas | Hindu holy book | 56 | |
| 2227379827 | Xiongnu | A confederation of nomadic peoples living beyond the northwest frontier of ancient China. Chinese rulers tried a variety of defenses and stratagems to ward off these 'barbarians,' as they called them, and dispersed them in 1st Century. (168) | 57 | |
| 2227380092 | Ziggurats | Sumerian temples made of sun-dried brick | 58 | |
| 2379899735 | Mauryan Empire | (321-185 BCE) This was the first centralized empire of India whose founder was Chandragupta Maurya. | 59 | |
| 2379913588 | Buddhism | A religion based on the teachings of the Buddha. | 60 | |
| 2379915503 | Arabic numerals | Indian numerical notation brought by the Arabs to the West. | 61 | |
| 2379918602 | Qin Empire | a dynasty that replaced the Zhou dynasty in the 3rd century and the king used legalist ideas to unite his coutry. They defeated invaders, doubled the size of china, murdered Confucius followers/burned books. They bult and improves canals and irrigation and extended the great walls | 62 | |
| 2379922824 | Han Dynasty | (202 BCE-220 CE) This dynasty continued the centralization of the Qin Dynasty, but focused on Confucianism and education instead of Legalim. | 63 | |
| 2379923303 | Persian Empire | (550-330 BCE) Rose under Cyrus. Conquested Egypt, spanned over Asia, Africa and Europe, and present middle day Middle-East. Collapsed due to internal problems, war and economic turmoil | 64 | |
| 2379924020 | Great Royal Road | the longest road built by the Persian Empire; 1600 miles from the Persian Gulf to the Aegean Sea | 65 | |
| 2379924241 | Polis | A city-state in ancient Greece | 66 | |
| 2379924555 | Golden Age of Pericles | the period after the Persian Wars during which Greece enjoyed peace and prosperity under the leadership of Pericles. The Parthenon was made during this time, philosophy and the arts flourished during this age | 67 | |
| 2379925857 | Delian League | (478-477 BC) A confederation that formed when Athens stepped in to provide new leadership against the Persians | 68 | |
| 2379926133 | Hellenism | the principles and ideals associated with classical Greek civilization | 69 | |
| 2379926551 | Patricians | Powerful landowners who controlled Roman government and society | 70 | |
| 2379926552 | Plebeians | All non-land-owning, free men in Ancient Rome | 71 | |
| 2379927403 | Twelve Tables of Rome | laws of Rome; concept of innocent until proven guilty originated here | 72 | |
| 2379927404 | First Triumvirate | 60 BCE, unofficial coalition between Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus | 73 | |
| 2379927405 | Second Triumvirate | (43-33 BCE): Death of Roman Republic; Octavian, Lepidus, Marc Antony | 74 | |
| 2379927734 | Pax Romana | 200 year period of peace in Rome. | 75 | |
| 2379927735 | Paganism | Any of the polytheistic religions of the Greco-Roman world, an umbrella term for ancient mediterranean religions other than Judaism and Christianity. | 76 | |
| 2379927736 | Christianity | A monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior. | 77 | |
| 2379932877 | The Edict of Milan | (313) The agreement shifted Christianity from being an illicit, persecuted sect to being a welcome—and soon dominant—religion of the Roman Empire. | 78 | |
| 2379933388 | Classical Period | 1750-1820 | 79 | |
| 2379946934 | Zoroastrianism | Persian religion founded by Zoroaster; taught that humans had the freedom to choose between right and wrong, and that goodness would triumph in the end | 80 | |
| 2379947998 | The Silk Road | One of the first trade routes in the world,an ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean Sea extending some 6,440 km (4,000 mi) and linking China with the Roman Empire. Marco Polo followed the route on his journey to Cathay. | 81 | |
| 2379950928 | Confucianism | A philosophy that adheres to the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. It shows the way to ensure a stable government and an orderly society in the present world and stresses a moral code of conduct. | 82 | |
| 2379953437 | Daoism | Chinese School of Thought: Daoists believe that the world is always changing and is devoid of absolute morality or meaning. They accept the world as they find it, avoid futile struggles, and deviate as little as possible from the Dao, or 'path' of nature. | 83 | |
| 2379954201 | Legalism | A Chinese political philosophy based on the idea that a highly efficient and powerful government is the key to social order | 84 | |
| 2379954659 | Hinduism | A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms | 85 | |
| 2379955729 | Judaism | A religion with a belief in one god. It originated with Abraham and the Hebrew people. | 86 | |
| 2379957075 | Theravada Buddhism | "the way of the Elders" - Prevalent form of Buddhism in Cambodia, Myanmar (formerly Burma), Sri Lanka, and Thailand; focuses on the earliest texts and emphasizes monastic lifestyle. | 87 | |
| 2379957848 | Mahayana Buddhism | Great Vehicle' branch of Buddhism followed in China, Japan, and Central Asia. The focus is on reverence for Buddha and for bodhisattvas, enlightened persons who have postponed nirvana to help others attain enlightenment. | 88 | |
| 2379958835 | Rock and Pillar Edicts | A series of edicts on rocks and pillars that reminded Mauryans to live righteous lives according to Buddhist principles | 89 | |
| 2379959496 | Chandragupta Maurya | founder of the Mauryan Empire | 90 | |
| 2379960022 | Ashoka Maurya | The grandson of Chandragupta Maurya, he took the Mauryan Empire to its height. Famously converted to Buddhism after the deadly Kalinga Wars | 91 | |
| 2379960346 | Chandra Gupta the Great | Qin Shi Huang | 92 | |
| 2380273781 | Qin Shi Huang | First Emperor; only emperor of Qin Dynasty; legalist; abolished feudalism and established a bureaucracy; anti-religion; building of Great Wall and other public works | 93 | |
| 2380274431 | Wu Ti | Han "Warrior Emperor" who greatly expanded the empire, (140-87 BCE); promoted peace; supported Confucianism; Conducted trade with the Parthian Empire in the Middle East. He also conducted the FIRST Civil service examinations in the world. | 94 | |
| 2380275687 | Lydians | First people to come up with a coin system to conduct trade | 95 | |
| 2380277350 | Phoenicians | A maritime civilization of the Mediterranean that developed extensive trade and communication networks as well as an early alphabetical script (1500 B.C.E). | 96 | |
| 2380277351 | Hebrews | Early group of people who lived in lands between Mesopotamia and Egypt. They developed the religion Judaism. | 97 | |
| 2380278548 | Athens | A democratic Greek polis who accomplished many cultural achievements, and who were constantly at war with Sparta. | 98 | |
| 2380278977 | Sparta | An ancient Greek city famous for military prowess | 99 | |
| 2380280606 | Pericles | Athenian leader noted for advancing democracy in Athens and for ordering the construction of the Parthenon. | 100 | |
| 2380280607 | Homer | Wrote Iliad and Odyssey | 101 | |
| 2380280922 | Macedonians | a group of people who lived in Macedonia and were grouped into tribes. They were referred to as barbarians by the Greeks. | 102 | |
| 2380281241 | Hannibal | Carthaginian military commander who, in the Second Punic War, attempted a surprise attack on Rome, crossing the Alps with a large group of soldiers, horses, and elephants. | 103 | |
| 2380281803 | Pompey | Roman general and statesman who quarrelled with Caesar and fled to Egypt where he was murdered (106-48 BC) | 104 | |
| 2380283678 | Crassus | General who defeated Spartacus. Crucified 6,600 slaves on the Alpennine way. He later served in the First Triumvirate. | 105 | |
| 2380284470 | Julius Caesar | 100-44 BC. Roman general who ended Roman Republic. Conquered Gaul with his powerful army. Made himself Roman dictator in 46 BC. Assassinated by Brutus and others in 44 BC because he was too powerful. | 106 | |
| 2380284969 | Octavius | Caesar's adopted son and appointed successor. Octavius, who had been traveling abroad, returns after Caesar's death; he then joins with Antony and sets off to fight Cassius and Brutus. Antony tries to control Octavius's movements, but Octavius follows his adopted father's example and emerges as the authoritative figure, paving the way for his eventual seizure of the reins of Roman government. | 107 | |
| 2380285175 | Constantine | (274 CE - 337 CE) Roman Emperor between 306 CE and 337 CE. He issued the Edict of Milan which outlawed the persecution of Christians. He also founded the city of Constantinople, the future capital of the Byzantine Empire. | 108 | |
| 2380285176 | Wang Mang | A Han court official who usurped the throne and ruled from 8 C.E. to 23 C.E.; noted for his reform movement that included the breakup of large estates. | 109 | |
| 2380286441 | Diocletian | (245-313) Emperor of Rome who was responsible for dividing Rome into different provinces and districts. Eventually, the eastern portions of the Empire became known as the Byzantine Empire. | 110 | |
| 2380287408 | The Huns | Fierce warriors from Central Asia- First invaded southeastern Europe and then launched raids on nearby kingdoms | 111 | |
| 2380287409 | The Gupta Empire | the Gupta Empire (320-550 CE) was founded by Chandra Gupta, and later solidified by Samudragupta (ca 335-75). The Empire reached its apex under Chandragupta II. the Gupta empire developed the concept of zero and Arabic numerals. They also held a strong interest in Aryan literature, like the kind written in Sanskrit by Kalidasa. He was know as India's greatest poet, and like Shakespeare later, he dabbled in poetry and drama. The Gupta Empire promoted Hinduism to the detriment of Buddhism. The empire was brought to an end by the Hun invasions during the later half of the fifth century. | 112 | |
| 2380288191 | The Great Wall of China | Built by Shi Huangdi; a wall to defend China. Proved that China could effectively use their resources. | 113 | |
| 2380288803 | Peloponnesian War | (431-404 BCE) The war between Athens and Sparta that in which Sparta won, but left Greece as a whole weak and ready to fall to its neighbors to the north. | 114 | |
| 2380289171 | The Persian Wars | A series of wars where the Greek city-states united against Persia, and managed to maintain control of the Aegean Sea and push the Persian Empire back | 115 | |
| 2380289172 | Punic Wars | A series of three wars between Rome and Carthage (264-146 B.C.); resulted in the destruction of Carthage and Rome's dominance over the western Mediterranean. | 116 | |
| 2380289438 | Constantinople | A large and wealthy city that was the imperial capital of the Byzantine empire and later the Ottoman empire, now known as Istanbul | 117 | |
| 2380293210 | Aristocracy | A class of persons holding special rank and privileges, especially the hereditary nobility | 118 | |
| 2380293211 | Beaurocracy | administrative orginization that relies on nonelective officials and regular procedures | 119 | |
| 2380293212 | Caliphate | Office established in succession to the Prophet Muhammad, to rule the Islamic empire; also the name of that empire. | 120 | |
| 2380293552 | Chivalry | Code of conduct for knights during the Middle Ages | 121 | |
| 2380293553 | City-state | A city with political and economic control over the surrounding countryside | 122 | |
| 2380293554 | Civil Service | A system of hiring and promotion based on the merit principle and the desire to create a nonpartisan government service. | 123 | |
| 2380293558 | Credit | An arrangement to receive cash, goods, or services now and pay for them in the future. | 124 | |
| 2380293904 | Cultural Diffusion | The expansion and adoption of a cultural element, from its place of origin to a wider area. | 125 | |
| 2380293905 | Decentralized | To distribute the administrative functions or powers of (a central authority) among several local authorities | 126 | |
| 2380293906 | Dowry | Custom in which the family of a woman transfers property or wealth to her and/or her husband's family upon her marriage | 127 | |
| 2380294139 | Eastern Orthodox | The Christian religion of the Byzantine Empire in the middle east that formed from Christianity's schism between the remains of the western and eastern Roman Empire. The Christian church ruled by the Byzantine emperor and the patriarchs of various historically significant Christian centers/cities. | 128 | |
| 2380294140 | Fiefs | Pieces of land given to vassals by their lord | 129 | |
| 2380294141 | Garrisons | A place where a group of soldiers is stationed for defensive purposes | 130 | |
| 2380294142 | Gothic | A style of architecture developed in northern France that spread throughout Europe between the 12th and 16th centuries | 131 | |
| 2380295604 | Hajj | A pilgrimage to Mecca, performed as a duty by Muslims | 132 | |
| 2380295605 | Heresy | Any belief that is strongly opposed to established beliefs | 133 | |
| 2380295606 | Heretic | a person who holds religious beliefs in conflict with the dogma of the Roman Catholic Church | 134 | |
| 2380296832 | Hijab | a headscarf worn by Muslim women | 135 | |
| 2380296833 | Illegitimate | born of parents who are not married to each other | 136 | |
| 2380298474 | Infrastructure | Fundamental facilities and systems serving a country, city, or area, as transportation and communication systems, power plants, and schools | 137 | |
| 2380298475 | Interaction | Effect; influence | 138 | |
| 2380298683 | Inquisition | A severe interrogation; a systematic questioning | 139 | |
| 2380299021 | Interrogation | formal systematic questioning | 140 | |
| 2380308412 | Islam | A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), Paradise and Hell, and a body of law written in the Quran. Followers are called Muslims. | 141 | |
| 2380308413 | Literate | Able to read and write | 142 | |
| 2380308776 | Matriarch | A society ruled or controlled by women | 143 | |
| 2380308777 | Matrilineal | relating to a social system in which family descent and inheritance rights are traced through the mother | 144 | |
| 2380309014 | Medieval | Another name for the Middle Ages. | 145 | |
| 2380309015 | Meritocracy | A system in which the talented are chosen and moved ahead on the basis of their achievement | 146 | |
| 2380309016 | Middle Ages | 500-1500 A.D. aka dark ages, medieval period | 147 | |
| 2380309225 | Migration | Form of relocation diffusion involving permanent move to a new location. | 148 | |
| 2380309226 | Monetary System | anything that is generally accepted as a standard of value and a measure of wealth in a particular country or region | 149 | |
| 2380309496 | Mosque | A Muslim place of worship | 150 | |
| 2380309497 | Muslim | A follower of Islam | 151 | |
| 2380309498 | Nation-state | A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality. | 152 | |
| 2380309710 | Orthodox | Adhering to the traditional and established, especially in religion | 153 | |
| 2380309711 | Patriarch | A principal bishop in the eastern branch of Christianity | 154 | |
| 2380309712 | Patriarchal | Dominated by men | 155 | |
| 2380310233 | Persecution | Cruel treatment On The Basis Of Religion, Race, Ethnic Group, Nationality, Political Views, Gender, Or Class. | 156 | |
| 2380310234 | Pilgrims | A person who journeys to a sacred place for religious reasons. | 157 | |
| 2380310235 | Pilgrimage | A journey to a place considered sacred for religious purposes. | 158 | |
| 2380310621 | Primogeniture | An English law in colonial times that said only the eldest son of the parents could inherit a landed estate. This left the wealthy but landless younger sons to seek their fortune elsewhere. | 159 | |
| 2380310622 | Roman Catholic | A branch of Christianity based in Rome. The original Christian church. | 160 | |
| 2380310623 | Schism | Division | 161 | |
| 2380310624 | Secluded | Isolated | 162 | |
| 2380311002 | Serfs | A person who lived on and farmed a lords land in feudal times | 163 | |
| 2380311003 | Submissive | Allowing others to make decisions for you. | 164 | |
| 2380311004 | Subordinate | Inferior; lower in rank or status | 165 | |
| 2380311231 | Theocracy | A government controlled by religious leaders | 166 | |
| 2380311232 | Trans-Continental | spanning or crossing a continent | 167 | |
| 2380311444 | Tribute Systems | defeated peoples were forced to pay a tax in the form of goods; forced payment, usually made in the form of valuable goods | 168 | |
| 2380311445 | Baghdad | Capital city of Iraq. As heart of the Arab Empire, it was second only to Constantinople in terms of size and grandeur in 1000 C.E. | 169 | |
| 2380323735 | Black Death | A deadly plague that swept through Europe between 1347 and 1351 | 170 | |
| 2380323736 | Bubonic Plague | Also called the Black Death was a deadly disease that spread through Europe and killed one out of every three people | 171 | |
| 2380324114 | Chang'an | Capital of Tang dynasty; population of 2 million, larger than any other city in the world at that time. | 172 | |
| 2380324115 | Crusades | 1096 Christian Europe aim to reclaim Jerusalem and aid they Byzantines; 1st success and the rest a failure; weakens the Byzantines; opens up trade | 173 | |
| 2380324537 | Empress Wu | Empress of China during the Tang dynasty, she ruled ruthlessly and brought prosperity to China | 174 | |
| 2380324546 | Foot-binding | practice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to the household | 175 | |
| 2380325113 | Franks | Germanic people who lived and held power in Gaul. Their leader was Clovis and he would later bring Christianity to the region. By 511 the Franks had united into one kingdom and they controlled the largest and strongest parts of Europe. | 176 | |
| 2380325309 | Genghis Khan | A Mongolian general and emperor of the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries, known for his military leadership and great cruelty. He conquered vast portions of northern China and southwestern Asia. | 177 | |
| 2380325310 | Hanseatic League | An economic and defensive alliance of the free towns in northern Germany, founded about 1241 and most powerful in the fourteenth century. | 178 | |
| 2380325772 | Hundred Years War | Series of campaigns over control of the throne of France, involving English and French royal families and French noble families. (p. 413) | 179 | |
| 2380325773 | Code of Justinian | compilation of the complex system of Roman laws; became the system of laws for the Byzantine Empire | 180 | |
| 2380326133 | Magna Carta | (1215) a charter of liberties (freedoms) that King John "Lackland" of Englad was forced to sign; it made the king obey the same laws as the citizens of his kingdom | 181 | |
| 2380326134 | Mansa Musa | Emperor of the kingdom of Mali in Africa. He made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca and established trade routes to the Middle East. | 182 | |
| 2380326411 | Neo-Confucianism | A philosophy that blended Confucianism with Buddhism and Daoism | 183 | |
| 2380326958 | Sacking of Constantinople | During the Fourth Crusade (1202-1204), in April 1204, the Crusaders of Western Europe invaded and conquered the Eastern Orthodox city of Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine Empire. This is seen as one of the final acts in the Great Schism between the Eastern Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church. | 184 | |
| 2380328486 | St. Cyril | a missionary sent by the Byzantine government to eastern Europe and the Balkans... converted southern Russia and Balkans to Orthodox Christianity...responsible for creation of written script for Slavic known as Cyrillic | 185 | |
| 2380328487 | Christian Schism | Division between E. & W. Christianity. Due to Popes belief that he has supreme authority over all sects of Christianity | 186 | |
| 2380328488 | Islamic Schism | a split in the religion between the Sunnis and Shiites | 187 | |
| 2380329022 | Shintoism | Religion located in Japan and related to Buddhism. Shintoism focuses particularly on nature and ancestor worship. | 188 | |
| 2380329023 | Silk Road | An ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean Sea extending some 6,440 km (4,000 mi) and linking China with the Roman Empire. Marco Polo followed the route on his journey to Cathay. | 189 | |
| 2380329024 | Timbuktu | Mali trading city that became a center of wealth and learning | 190 | |
| 2380329307 | Tenochtitlan | Capital of the Aztec Empire, located on an island in Lake Texcoco. Its population was about 150,000 on the eve of Spanish conquest. Mexico City was constructed on its ruins. | 191 | |
| 2380329308 | William the Conqueror | duke of Normandy who led the Norman invasion of England and became the first Norman to be King of England | 192 |
