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| 4959010316 | Bronze Age | is a period characterized by the use of bronze, proto-writing, and other early features of urban civilization. | 0 | |
| 4959010317 | Jericho | One of the first towns. Was on the Jordan River founded around 7,000 BCE. | 1 | |
| 5592480953 | catal huyuk | One of first towns. Was in southern Turkey around 7,000 BCE. Well protected so no one could invade | 2 | |
| 5592488224 | polytheism | the belief that there are multiple Gods that control nature and human destiny. | 3 | |
| 5593715800 | slash and burn agriculture | farming method where people cut and burn plants to create a field. This technique was started during the Neolithic Revolution in river valleys of Egypt and Mesopotamia. | 4 | |
| 5593760281 | Cyrus the Great | The Persian leader who overthrew the Medic King and took power | 5 | |
| 5595332141 | zoroastrianism | A religion that emerged in the Persian Empires and promoted morality and the struggle of good versus evil. influenced the development of Christianity and Manicheaism | 6 | |
| 5595432553 | Pericles | Athenian political leader during 5th century bc.' guided development of Athenian Empire; died during early stages of Peloponnesian War | 7 | |
| 5595454557 | Peloponnesian Wars | A protracted (431-404 B.C.E.) and costly conflict between the Athenian and Spartan alliance systems that convulsed most of the Greek world. The war was largely a consequence of Athenian imperialism. Possession of a naval empire allowed Athens to fight a war of attrition. Ultimately, Sparta prevailed because of Athenian errors and Persian financial support. | 8 | |
| 5596659280 | Tributary State | A system in which, from the time of the Han Empire, countries in East and Southeast Asia not under the direct control of empires based in China nevertheless enrolled as tributary states, acknowledging the superiority of the emperors in China. | 9 | |
| 5596685580 | Republic | A state that is not ruled by a hereditary leader (a monarchy) but by a person or persons appointed under a constitution and in some way claims to be "of the people." | 10 | |
| 5596701946 | Julius Caesar | Part of the first triumvirate who eventually became "emperor for life". Chose not to conquer Germany. Was assassinated by fellow senators in 44 B.C.E. | 11 | |
| 5596714449 | Augustus Caesar | The first empreror of Rome, the adopted son of Julius Caesar, help Rome come into Pax Romana, or the Age of Roman Peace | 12 | |
| 5596735686 | Roman Senate | A council whose members were the heads of the wealthy, landowning families. Originally an advisory body to the early kings, in the era of the Roman Republic the Senate effectively governed the Roman state and the growing empire. Under Senate leadership, Rome conquered an empire of unprecedented extent in the lands surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. | 13 | |
| 5596752410 | Socrates | philosopher who believed in an absolute right or wrong; asked students pointed questions to make them use their reason, later became Socratic method | 14 | |
| 5606999376 | Great Zimbabwe | With Massive stone building and walls, incorporates the greatest early building in sub-Saharan Africa. Whose many stone structures were built between about 1250 and 1450, when it was a trading center and the capital of a large state. | 15 | |
| 5607006579 | Delhi Sultanate | the kingdom established by Mahmud's succesors to spread islam in India | 16 | |
| 5607009898 | Marco Polo | Venetian merchant and traveler. His accounts of his travels to China offered Europeans a firsthand view of Asian lands and stimulated interest in Asian trade. | 17 | |
| 5607012668 | Ibn Battuta | Moroccan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan. | 18 | |
| 5607013891 | Mansa Musa | greatest Mali king; brought Mali to its peak of power and wealth from 1312 the 1337; expanded borders, maintained peace and order, religious freedom and tolerance; hajj to Mecca; built Timbuktu | 19 | |
| 5607017778 | The Thousand and One Nights ( book) | A book that told of the luxurious lifestyle of Caliph Harun Al-Rashid | 20 | |
| 5607022152 | Sultan | the sovereign of an Islamic community | 21 | |
| 5607022174 | Caliph/Caliphate | A supreme political and religious leader in a Muslim government or the successor to Muhammad on earth. | 22 | |
| 5607023195 | Shari'a Law | the code of law derived from the Koran and from the teachings and example of Muhammed significance: Sharia is still used today, prohibits actions according to Islam, demonstrates Muhammad's influences | 23 | |
| 5607813508 | Hijrah | The flight of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina to escape persecution a.d. 622: regarded as the beginning of the Muslim Era(or at least of the Islamic Calender. Was helped by his cousin Ali. | 24 | |
| 5609240137 | Mecca | City in western Arabia; birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad, and ritual center of the Islamic religion significance: Important location in Islam | 25 | |
| 5611389690 | Medina | town located northeast of Mecca; grew date palms whose fruit was sold to bedouins; became refuge for Muhammad following flight from Mecca, established in the oases. | 26 | |
| 5611413570 | Daimyo | prominent Japanese families who provided allegiance to the local shogun in exchange for protection | 27 | |
| 5611425506 | Shintoism | Religion of early Japanese culture; devotees worshipped numberous gods and spirits associated with the natural world; offers of food and prayers made to gods and nature spirits | 28 | |
| 5611445175 | Samurai | literally "retainer"; usually in service to a particular shogun, these warriors lived by a strict code of ethics and duty | 29 | |
| 5611983760 | Shogan | a hereditary military dictator of Japan significance: established in place of an emperor, fractioned imperial rule | 30 | |
| 5621593046 | Minamoto Clan | This clan defeated the rival Taira family in Gempei Wars and established military government (bakufu) in 12th century Japan. | 31 | |
| 5621603646 | Fujiwara Family | Japanese aristocratic family in mid-9th century; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial power. By the end of the 10th century one chief minister of this family had sent FOUR of his daughters married to Emperors. | 32 | |
| 5621605155 | Heian Era | definition: (794 - 1100) move the capital to Heian; 300 years of developing a new culture; growth of large estates significance: moved away from chinese culutre, began to become more distinct | 33 | |
| 5621606671 | Taika Reforms | Attempt to remake Japanese monarch into an absolute Chinese style emperor; included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and peasant conscript army. | 34 | |
| 5621607844 | Tale of Genji | Written by Lady Muraski; first novel in any language; relates life history of prominent and amorous son of the Japanese emperor; evidence for mannered style of Japanese society. | 35 | |
| 5621607845 | khanates | Four regional Mongol kingdoms that arose following the death of Chinggis Khan. | 36 | |
| 5621609320 | Karakorum | Capital of the Mongol empire under Chinggis Khan, 1162 to 1227. | 37 | |
| 5621609820 | Batu | grandson of Chinggis Khan and ruler of Golden Horde; invaded Russia in 1236. | 38 | |
| 5621610484 | Golden Horde | One of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after the death of Chinggis Khan; conquered and ruled Russia during the 13th and 14th centuries. | 39 | |
| 5621611363 | Civilization | advanced state of human society containing highly developed forms of government, culture, industry, and common social norms. | 40 | |
| 5621611364 | Hellenistic Period | that culture associated with the spread of Greek influence as a result of Macedonian conquests; often seen as the combination of Greek culture with eastern political forms. | 41 | |
| 5621614230 | Byzantine Empire | (500 CE - 1453 CE) Eastern portion of the Roman Empire which survived beyond the collapse of the Roman Empire with its capital at Constantinople; retained Mediterranean culture, particularly Greek; later lost Palestine, Syria, and Egypt to Islam. | 42 | |
| 5621614938 | Muhammad | definition: the Arab prophet who founded Islam (570-632) significance: founder of Islam, a prominent religion | 43 | |
| 5621616142 | Champa rice | quick-maturing rice that can allow two harvests in one growing season. Originally introduced into Champa from India; later sent to china as a tribute gift by the Champa state. Helped population growth in China. | 44 | |
| 5621617696 | Pax Mongolica | Time of peace in mongolia. phrase coined by Western scholars to describe the social, cultural, and economic outcome of the Mongol Empire's conquest of the territory from Southeast Asia to Europe in the 13th and 14th centuries. As a result of the Mongol conquest, much of the "Silk Road," which connected trade centers across Asia and Europe, came under the rule of the Mongol Empire. | 45 | |
| 5621619935 | Chinggis Khan | Grandson of Kabul Khan; born in 1170's; elected supreme Mongol ruler (khagan) in 1206; began the Mongols' rise to world power; died 1227. | 46 |
