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| 6633523252 | Islam | A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), Paradise and Hell, and a body of law written in the Quran. Followers are called Muslims. |  | 0 |
| 6633524797 | Bantus | People that were spread out over most of Southern Africa teaching other to farm and use tools |  | 1 |
| 6633526366 | Charlemagne | 800 AD crowned by the Pope as the head of the Holy Roman Empire, which extended from northern Spain to western Germany and northern Italy. His palace was at Aachen in central Europe |  | 2 |
| 6633527929 | Heian Japan | (794-1185 C.E.) local rulers on the island of Honshu recognized the emperor as Japan's supreme political authority, but, unlike China, Japanese emperors rarely ruled; they only acted as figure heads. Fujiwara family had the power. Two sections of rule: imperial house and ruling parties and factions. Culture of Heian was influenced by Chinese traditions. |  | 3 |
| 6633528965 | Maya | Mesoamerican civilization concentrated in Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula and in Guatemala and Honduras but never unified into a single empire. Major contributions were in mathematics, astronomy, and development of the calendar. |  | 4 |
| 6633531436 | Ming Dynasty | Succeeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted huge trade expeditions to southern Asia and elsewhere, but later concentrated efforts on internal development within China. |  | 5 |
| 6633533424 | Muhammad | A prophet who introduced a religion called Islam in Arabia. |  | 6 |
| 6633536528 | Prince Vladimir | The prince of Kiev who made the entire city convert to Christianity in 988 AD |  | 7 |
| 6633537421 | Song Dynasty | (960-1279 CE) The Chinese dynasty that placed much more emphasis on civil administration, industry, education, and arts other than military. |  | 8 |
| 6633539097 | Sufis | A mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, and a simple life |  | 9 |
| 6633540298 | Tang Taizong | (627- 649) He reconquerored the northern and western land that China had since the decline of the Han Dynasty. He started the achievements of the Tang Dynasty. |  | 10 |
| 6633541217 | Thomas Aquinas | (Roman Catholic Church) Italian theologian and Doctor of the Church who is remembered for his attempt to reconcile faith and reason in a comprehensive theology |  | 11 |
| 6633542188 | Urban II | Called First Crusade in 1095; appealed to Christians to mount military assault to free the Holy Land from the Muslims. |  | 12 |
| 6633544273 | South-pointing needle | First form of the compass that was invented during the Song Dynasty. |  | 13 |
| 6633548768 | Caesaropapism | Concept relating to the mixing of political and religious authority, as with the Roman emperors, that was central to the church versus state controversy in medieval Europe. |  | 14 |
| 6633551368 | Caravan | Merchants traveling in groups on camel or donkeys over long distances for safety reasons |  | 15 |
| 6633553278 | Cyrillic | Relating to the Slavic alphabet derived from the Greek and traditionally attributed to St. Cyril; in modified form still used in modern Slavic languages |  | 16 |
| 6633554620 | Equal field system | A system to distribute agricultural land in order to avoid land concentrations like during the Han; 1/5 of land became hereditary while the other was available for redistribution |  | 17 |
| 6633556581 | Excommunicate | To declare that a person or group no longer belongs to a church |  | 18 |
| 6633558149 | Investiture controversy | Dispute between the popes and the Holy Roman Emperors over who held ultimate authority over bishops in imperial lands. |  | 19 |
| 6633563759 | Maize | Corn; Cultivated in present-day Mexico and spread to the SW portion of the US. Native American societies were built around maize. |  | 20 |
| 6633564565 | Scholar Bureaucrat | Civil Servants (passed civil servants exam) who were driven by the emperor of China to perform governance |  | 21 |
| 6633565888 | Scholasticism | A philosophical and theological system, associated with Thomas Aquinas, devised to reconcile Aristotelian philosophy and Roman Catholic theology in the thirteenth century. |  | 22 |
| 6633568185 | Seppuku | Form of ceremonial suicide of defeated or disloyal samurai to avoid dishonor |  | 23 |
| 6633570838 | Sharia | Body of Islamic law that includes interpretation of the Quran and applies Islamic principles to everyday life |  | 24 |
| 6633572635 | Abbasid Caliphate | (750-1258 CE) The caliphate, after the Umayyads, who focused more on administration than conquering. Had a bureaucracy that any Mulim could be a part of. |  | 25 |
| 6633574311 | Caliphate | Islamic empire ruled by those believed to be the successors to the Prophet Muhammad. |  | 26 |
| 6633644407 | Corpus Juris Civilis | New code of the Roman Law decided by Justinian I in 529 CE that made Orthodox Christianity the law of the land. It means the "body of civil law". |  | 27 |
| 6633645275 | Crusades | A series of holy wars from 1096-1270 AD undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule. |  | 28 |
| 6633646282 | Grand Canal | The 1,100-mile (1,700-kilometer) waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire. |  | 29 |
| 6633647412 | Holy Roman Empire | Loose federation of mostly German states and principalities, headed by an emperor elected by the princes. It lasted from 962 to 1806. |  | 30 |
| 6633649102 | Kievan Rus | A monarchy established in present day Russia in the 6th and 7th centuries. It was ruled through loosely organized alliances with regional aristocrats from. The Scandinavians coined the term "Russia". It was greatly influenced by Byzantine |  | 31 |
| 6633653580 | European Feudalism | A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land |  | 32 |
| 6633657294 | Japanese Feudalism | This form of government became prominent in Japan by the late 12th century and lasted until 1867. Under this system, a Shogun, or supreme general, ran a centralized military government with regional divisions based on military strength. A daimyo led each of these divisions, and a number samurai fought under the daimyos command. |  | 33 |
| 6633665840 | Neoconfucianism | Term that describes the resurgence of Confucianism and the influence of Confucian scholars during the T'ang Dynasty; a unification of Daoist or Buddhist metaphysics with Confucian pragmatism |  | 34 |
| 6633668644 | Popol Vuh | A book containing a version of the Mayan story of creation. |  | 35 |
| 6633685896 | Bantu Migration | The movement of the Bantu peoples southward throughout Africa, spreading their language and culture, from around 500 b.c. to around A.D 1000 |  | 36 |
| 6633687020 | Sultanate of Delhi | 1306-1527 CE. Through its duration many dynasties used Delhi as a place to rule from. Some were the Manluk, the Khilji, the Tughlaq, the Sayyid, and Lodi dynasties. Introduced an early monetary system to their provinces. Sultans based their law on the Qur'an. Let non-muslim people practice their religion if they paid tax. Controlled regions from cities. |  | 37 |
| 6633688567 | The Tale of Genji | Written by Lady Murasaki; first novel in any languange; relates life history of prominent and amorous son of the Japanese emperor's son; evidence for mannered style of the Japanese society. |  | 38 |
| 6633690903 | Yongle Encyclopedia | Named after Ming emperor Yongle, who founded the encyclopedia. (1403-1424) He pushed for exploration and cultural achievement. |  | 39 |
| 6633694280 | Battle of Tours | (732 CE) European victory over Muslims. It halted Muslim movement into Western Europe. |  | 40 |
| 6633695783 | Great Schism | in 1054 this severing of relations divided medieval Christianity into the already distinct Eastern (Greek) and Western (Latin) branches, which later became known as the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church, respectively. Relations between East and West had long been embittered by political and ecclesiastical differences and theological disputes. |  | 41 |
| 6633698531 | William The Conqueror | 1027-1087 Norman king in 1066 he defeated Harold, the Anglo-Saxon king, to become the first Norman king of england |  | 42 |
| 6633699694 | Battle of Manzikert | (1071 CE) Saljuq Turks defeat Byzantine armies in this battle in Anatolia; shows the declining power of Byzantium. |  | 43 |
| 6633702713 | Chinggis (Genghis) Khan | Born in 1170s in decades following death of Kabul Khan; elected khagan of all Mongol tribes in 1206; responsible for conquest of northern kingdoms of China, territories as far west as the Abbasid regions; died in 1227, prior to conquest of most of Islamic world. | 44 | |
| 6633705907 | Marco Polo | Venetian merchant and traveler. His accounts of his travels to China offered Europeans a firsthand view of Asian lands and stimulated interest in Asian trade. |  | 45 |
| 6633707358 | The Mongols | Originated from the steppes of Central Asia and lived in a harsh physical environment and survived as nomadic pastorialists; under the leaderhsip of Genghis Khan they established the largest empire (included China, Central Asia, Russia, and much of the Middle East); kept peaceful trade and travel between nations, created a tribute system, and isolated/influenced Russia in order for it to become an independent place from the rest of Western Europe |  | 46 |
| 6633709248 | Yuan Dynasty | (1279-1368 CE) The dynasty with Mongol rule in China; centralized with bureaucracy but structure is different: Mongols on top->Persian bureaucrats->Chinese bureaucrats. |  | 47 |
| 6633711499 | Mansa Musa | Emperor of the kingdom of Mali in Africa. He made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca and established trade routes to the Middle East. |  | 48 |
| 6633714216 | Ibn Battuta | (1304-1369) Morrocan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan. His writings gave a glimpse into the world of that time period. |  | 49 |
| 6633716063 | Bubonic plague | Also called the Black Death was a deadly disease that spread through Europe and killed one out of every three people |  | 50 |
| 6633718308 | Ming Dynasty | Succeeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted huge trade expeditions to southern Asia and elsewhere, but later concentrated efforts on internal development within China. | | 51 |
| 6633720701 | Zheng He | An imperial eunuch and Muslim, entrusted by the Ming emperor Yongle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa. |  | 52 |
| 6633722277 | Inca Empire | Empire in Peru. conquered by Pizarro, who began an empire for the Spanish in 1535 |  | 53 |
| 9631311057 | Silk Roads | Land-based trade routes that linked Eurasia. |  | 54 |
| 9631313280 | Trans-Saharan routes | Trading network linking North Africa with sub-Saharan Africa across the Sahara. |  | 55 |
| 9631319259 | Indian Ocean basin trade | Long distance trade in dhows and sailboats made it a dynamic zone of interaction between peoples, cultures, and civilizations stretching from Java in the East to Zanzibar and Mombasa in the West. |  | 56 |
| 9631332831 | Mississippi River Valley Culture | Was a mound-building Native American civilization archaeologists date from approximately 800 CE to 1600 CE, varying regionally. It was composed of a series of urban settlements and satellite villages linked together by a loose trading network, the largest city being Cahokia, believed to be a major religious center. |  | 57 |
| 9631358132 | Paper money in China | Paper money was made by the Tang Dynasty in 740 B.C. They made the paper money as an offshoot of the invention of block printing. Block printing is like stamping. Some people used the process for quilts, but the government made ready use of it in printing money. |  | 58 |
| 9631377417 | Hanseatic League | A commercial and defensive confederation of free cities in northern Germany and surrounding areas |  | 59 |
| 9631391848 | Byzantine Empire | Eastern half of the Roman Empire that survived the fall of the Western half. |  | 60 |
| 9631395382 | Tang Dynasty | Ruling dynasty of China from 618 to 907; noted for its openness to foreign cultural influences. |  | 61 |
| 9631400951 | Sui dynasty | 581-618. unified the Northern and Southern dynasties and reinstalled the rule of ethnic Han Chinese |  | 62 |
| 9631403744 | Song dynasty | Chinese dynasty from 960 to 1279; known for its artistic achievements | | 63 |
| 9631406757 | Yuan dynasty | Mongol dynasty that ruled China from 1271 to 1368; its name means "great beginnings." |  | 64 |
| 9631413591 | Mongols | People from Central Asia when united ended up creating the largest single land empire in history. | 65 | |
| 9631413592 | Genghis Khan | (1167?-1227) One of the Mongol's greatest leaders and founder of the Mongol Empire. |  | 66 |
| 9631418809 | Kublai Khan | (1215-1294) Grandson of Genghis Khan and founder of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty in China. |  | 67 |
| 9631422950 | Vikings | Scandinavian peoples whose sailors raided Europe from the 700s through the 1100s |  | 68 |
| 9631425096 | Longships | Narrow boats that allowed the Vikings to sail down thin rivers, and pillage inland villages |  | 69 |
| 9631428260 | Arabs | The largest ethnic group in the Middle East | | 70 |
| 9631431713 | Berbers | North African peoples who controlled the caravan trade between the Mediterranean and the Sudan |  | 71 |
| 9631436077 | Steppes | A large area of flat unforested grassland in southeastern Europe or Siberia. | 72 | |
| 9631438609 | Polynesia | Islands contained in a rough triangle whose points lie in Hawaii, New Zealand, and Easter Island |  | 73 |
| 9631449912 | Bantu languages | Languages spoken by the native peoples of Central, East, and Southern Africa |  | 74 |
| 9631459224 | Muslim | A follower of Islam |  | 75 |
| 9631462786 | Sufi | The branch of Islam that believes in a more mystical connection with Allah. | | 76 |
| 9631476149 | Xuanzang | Chinese-Buddhist monk who traveled to India to learn Indian Buddhism |  | 77 |
| 9631488857 | Mexica | Were an indigenous people of the Valley of Mexico, known today as the rulers of the Aztec empire. |  | 78 |
| 9631502150 | Bubonic Plague | Is one of three types of plague caused by bacterium Yersinia pestis. One to seven days after exposure to the bacteria, flu like symptoms develop.[These include fever, headaches, and vomiting. Swollen and painful lymph nodes occur in the area closest to where the bacteria entered the skin. |  | 79 |
| 9631516552 | Tributary systems | Chinese system regarding the management of relation with other empires and its network of trade. |  | 80 |
| 9631525750 | Mongol Khanates | Four regional Mongol kingdoms that arose following the death of Chinggis Khan. |  | 81 |
| 9631530976 | Feudalism | A system of government based on landowners and tenants. Used in both Europe and Japan. |  | 82 |
| 9631544421 | Abbasids | A dynasty that ruled much of the Muslim Empire from 750 to about 1250. |  | 83 |
| 9631548380 | Chinampas | Also known as "floating gardens" these were small islands floating in the water that were developed in Mesoamerica. |  | 84 |
| 9631557902 | Waru waru | An Incan agricultural technique in which water creates a channel around growing crops |  | 85 |
| 9631562434 | Terracing | The creation of flat areas on mountain slopes for the purpose of farming |  | 86 |
| 9631565916 | Horse collar | Invention that helped make farming more productive |  | 87 |
| 9631568362 | Three field rotation | Under this system, the arable land of an estate or village was divided into three large fields: one was planted in the autumn with winter wheat or rye; the second field was planted with other crops such as peas, lentils, or beans; and the third was left fallow (unplanted). |  | 88 |
| 9631574164 | Swamp draining | Humans have drained swamps to provide additional land for agriculture and to reduce the threat of diseases borne by swamp insects and similar animals. |  | 89 |
| 9631586007 | Textiles | Fabrics that are woven or knitted; material for clothing |  | 90 |
| 9631590633 | Porcelain | A thin, beautiful pottery invented in China |  | 91 |
| 9631601401 | Diversification of labor | Is the separation of tasks in any system so that participants may specialize. Individuals, organisations, and nations are endowed with or acquire specialized capabilities and either form combinations or trade to take advantage of the capabilities of others in addition to their own. |  | 92 |
| 9631607480 | Free peasant agriculture | Where people can sell whatever they grow, but were not protected by land owner |  | 93 |
| 9631619834 | Nomadic pastoralism | Group of people who travel with the herd in order to get food, don't have permanent village |  | 94 |
| 9631623405 | Craft production | A small-scale production process centered on manual skills. |  | 95 |
| 9631629620 | Guilds | Association of merchants or artisans who cooperated to protect their economic interests |  | 96 |
| 9631634099 | Military obligations | Service by an individual or group in an army or other militia, whether as a chosen job or as a result of an involuntary draft (conscription). ... Some of these nations reserve the right in law to conscript personnel in the future. |  | 97 |
| 9631643849 | Unfree labor | Employment against someone's will |  | 98 |
| 9631647782 | Government imposed labor | Is a tax placed on workers who were forced to pay a portion of their income to the government. In some places the tax could also be payed with the items the workers produced |  | 99 |
| 9631656401 | Mita system | Economic system in Incan society where people paid taxes with their labor and what they produced |  | 100 |
| 9631658495 | Inca | Native American civilization that developed in what is now Peru, 1400-1500 |  | 101 |
| 9631659818 | Aztec | A warrior people who dominated the Valley of Mexico from 1100 to 1521. |  | 102 |
| 9631668576 | Foot binding | The custom of applying painfully tight binding to the feet of young girls to prevent further growth. Started during the Song dynasty. |  | 103 |
| 9631668577 | Nun | A woman who takes special religious vows and lives a life of prayer and solitude |  | 104 |
