This set was made using the AP* Edition DBQ Update of 'World Civilizations: The Global Experience' Fourth Edition by: Peter N. Stearns, Michael Adas, Stuart B. Schwartz and Jason Gilbert.
This is for the AP exam at SAA. It'll be a work in progress for a LOOOONG time, seeing as there are 908 words (give or take a couple) in the glossary :) . If anyone has suggestions abut what should be added, that is not in the glossary, that'd be great!
Post Script
If someone would like to become an editor of this set, message me and we'll see about arranging that. Happy studying!
Terms : Hide Images
| 150843735 | Abbasid | Dynasty that succeeded the Umayyads as caliphs within Islam; came to power in 750 C.E. (p 135) | 0 | |
| 150843736 | Abbas the Great | Safavid ruler from 1587 to 1629; extended Safavid domain to greatest extent; created slave regiments based on captured Russians, who monopolized firearms within Safavid armies; incorporated Western military technology. (p 485) | 1 | |
| 150843737 | Khalifa Abdallahi | Successor of Muhammad Achmad as leader of Mahdists in Sudan; established state in Sudan; defeated by British General Kitchener in 1898. (p 628) | 2 | |
| 150843738 | Abdul Hamid | Ottoman sultan who attempted to return to despotic absolutism during reign from 1878 to 1908. (p 623) | 3 | |
| 150843739 | Peter Abelard | Author of 'Yes and No'; university scholar who applied logic to problems of theology; demonstrated logical contradictions within established doctrine. (p 224) | 4 | |
| 150843740 | absolute monarchy | Concept of government developed during rise of nation-states within western Europe during the 17th century; featured monarchs who passed laws without parliaments, appointed professionalized armies and bureaucracies, established state churches, imposed state economic policies. (p 391) | 5 | |
| 150843741 | Muhammad Achmad | Head of a Sudanic Sufi brotherhood; claimed descent from prophet Muhammad; proclaimed both Egyptians and British as infidels; launched revolt to purge Islam of impurities; took Khartoum in 1883; also known as the Mahdi. (p 628) | 6 | |
| 150843742 | African National Congress | Black political organization within South Africa; pressed for end to policies of apartheid; sought open democracy leading to black majority rule; until the 1990's declared illegal in South Africa. (p 858) | 7 | |
| 150843743 | Afrikaner National party | Emerged as the majority party in the ll-white South African legislature after 1948; advocated complete imdependence form Britain; favored a rigid system of racial segregation called apartheid. (p 773) | 8 | |
| 150843744 | age of revolution | Period of political upheaval beginning roughly with the American Revolution in 1775 and continuing through the French Revolution of 1789 and other movements for change up to 1848. (p 536) | 9 | |
| 150862669 | Akbar | Son and successor of Humayan; oversaw building of military and adminisitrative systems that became typical of Mughal rule in India; pursued policy of cooperation with Hindu princes; attempted to create new religion to bind Muslim and Hindu populations of India. (p 490) | 10 | |
| 150862670 | al-Afghani | Muslim thinker at the end of the 19th century; stressed need for adoption of Western scientific learning and technology; recognized importance of rational inquiry. (p 626) | 11 | |
| 150862671 | al-Ghazali | Brilliant Islamic theologian; struggled to fuse Greek and Qur'anic tradiions; not entirely accepted by ulama. (p 156) | 12 | |
| 150862672 | al-Mahdi | Third of the Abbasid caliphs; attempted but failed to reconcile moderates among Shi'a to Abbasid dynasty; failed to resolve problem of succession. (p 147) | 13 | |
| 150862673 | Harun al-Rashid | Most famous of Abbasid caliphs; renowned for sumptous and costly living; dependent on Persian advisors early in reign; death led to civil wars over succession. (p 148) | 14 | |
| 150862674 | Alexander the Great | Successor of Phillip II; sucessfully conquered Persian Empire prior ro his death in 323 B.C.E.; attempted to combine Greek and Persian cultures. (p 51) | 15 | |
| 150862675 | Alexandria, Egypt | One of many cities of that name founded by Alexander the Great; site of ancient Mediterranean's greatest library; center of literary studies. (p 72) | 16 | |
| 150862676 | Ali | Cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad; one of orthodox caliphs; focus for Shi'a. (p 128) | 17 | |
| 150862677 | Muhammad Ali | Won power struggle in Egypt following fall of Mamluks; established mastery of all Egypt by 1811; introduced effective army based on Western tactics and supply and a variety of other reforms; by 1830's was able to challenge Ottoman government in Constantinople; died in 1848. (p 625) | 18 | |
| 150862678 | Allah | Supreme God in strictly monotheistic Islam. (pp 99, 121) | 19 | |
| 150862679 | Salvador Allende | President of Chile; nationalized indestries and banks; sponsored peasant and worker expropriations of lands and foreign owned factories; overthrown in 1973 by revolt of Chilean military with the support of the United States. (p 823) | 20 | |
| 150862680 | Alliance for Progress | Begun in 1961 by the United States to develop Latin America as an alternative to radical political solutions; enjoyed only limited success; failure of developmental programs led to renewal of direct intervention. (p 826) | 21 | |
| 150862681 | Almohadis | A reformist movement among the Islamic Berbers of northern Africa; later han the Almoravids; penetrated into sub-saharan Africa. (p 174) | 22 | |
| 150862682 | Almoravids | A puritanical reformist movement among the Islamic Berber tribes of northern Africa; controlled gold trade across Sahara; conquered Ghana in 1076; moved southward against African kingdoms of the savanna and westward into Spain. (p 174)q | 23 | |
| 150862683 | Tupac Amaru | Mestizo leader of Indian revolt in Peru; supported by many among lower social classes; revolt eventually failed because of Creole fears of real social revolution. (p 443) | 24 | |
| 151429266 | American Civil War | Fought from 1861-1865; fist application of Industrial Revolution warfare; resulted in the abolition of slavery in the United States and reunification of North and South. (p 547) | 25 | |
| 151429267 | American Revolution | Rebellion of English American colonies along Atlantic seaboard between 1775 and 1783; resulted in independence for former British colonies and eventual formation of United Atates of America. (p 537) | 26 | |
| 151429268 | amigos del país | Clubs and associations dedicated to improvements and reform in Spanish colonies; flourished during the 18th century; called for material improvements rterh than political reform. (p 440) | 27 | |
| 151429269 | anarchists | Political groups that sought the ablition of all formal government; particulary prevalent in Russa; opposed tsarist aristocracy; eventually became a terrorist movement responsible for assassination of Alexander II in 1881. (p 649) | 28 | |
| 151429270 | Anglican Church | Form of Protestantism set up in England after 1543; established by Henry VIII with himself as head, at least in part to obtain a divorce from his first wife; became increasingly Protestant following Henry's death. (p 384) | 29 | |
| 151891073 | animism | A religious outlook that sees gods in many aspects of nature and propriates them to help control and explain nature; typical of Mesopotamian religions. (p 110) | 30 | |
| 151891074 | Anschluss | Hitler's union of Germany with the German-speaking population of Austria; took place in 1938, despite complaints of other European nations. (p 735) | 31 | |
| 151891075 | apartheid | Policy of strict racial segregation imposed in South Africa to permit the continued dominance of whites politically and economically. (p 773) | 32 | |
| 151891076 | appeasement | Policy of Neville Chamberlain, British prime minister who hoped to preserve peace in the face of German agression; particularly applied to Munich Conference agreements; failed when Hitler invaded Poland in 1939. (p 735) | 33 | |
| 151891077 | Thomas Aquinas | Creator of one of the great syntheses of medieval learning; taught at Univerisity of Paris; author of several Summas; believes that through reason it was possible to know much about natural order, moral law, and nature of God. (p 225) | 34 | |
| 151913002 | Corazon Aquino | First president of the Philippines of the post-Marcos era of the late 1980's; Aquino, whose husband was assassinated by thugs in the pay of the Marcos regime, was one of the Key leaders in the popular movement that topples the dictator. (p 845) | 35 | |
| 151913003 | Aragon | Along with Castille, a regional kingdom of the Iberian peninsula; pressed reconquest of peninsula from Muslims; developed a vigorous military and religious agenda. (p 343) | 36 | |
| 152028123 | Juan José Arevalo | Elected president of Guatemala in 1944; began series of socialist reforms Including land reform; nationalist program directed against foreign owned companies such as the United Fruit Company. (p 819) | 37 | |
| 152028124 | Argentine Republic | Replaced state of Buenos Aires in 1862; result of compromise between centralists and federalists. (p 603) | 38 | |
| 152028125 | Aristotle | Greek philosopher; knowledge based on observation if phenomenon in material world. (p 79) | 39 | |
| 152028126 | Armenian genocide | Assault carried out by mainly Turkish military forces against Armenian population in Anatolia in 1915; over a million Armenians perished and thousands fled to Russia and the Middle East. (p 680) | 40 | |
| 152028127 | Aryans | Indo-European nomadic pastoralists who replaced the Harappan civilization; militarized society. (p 52) | 41 | |
| 152028128 | Asante Empire | Established in Gold Coast among Akan people settled around Kumasi; dominated by Oyoko clan; many clans linked under Osei Tutu after 1650. (p 456) | 42 | |
| 152028129 | asantehene | Title taken by ruler of Asante Empire; supreme civil and religious leader; authority symbolized by golden stool. (p 457) | 43 | |
| 154941009 | Ashikaga Shogunate | Replaced the Kamakura regime in Japan; ruled from 1336 to 1573; destroyed rival Yoshino center of imperial authority. (p 294) | 44 | |
| 154941010 | Ashikaga Takuaji | Member of the Minamotofamily; overthrew the Kamakura regime and established the Ashikaga shogunate from 1316 to 1573; drove emperor from Kyoto to Yoshino. (p 294) | 45 | |
| 154941011 | Ashoka | Grandson of Chandragupta Maurya; completed conquests of Indian subcontinent; converted to Buddhism and sponsored spread of new religion throughout his empire. (p 54) | 46 | |
| 154941012 | Asian sea trading network | Prior to intervention of Europeans, consisted of three zones: Arab zone based on glass, carpets and tapestries; India based on cotton textiles; and China based on paper, porcelain and silks. (p 501) | 47 | |
| 155021955 | Ataturk | Also known as Mustafa Kemal; leader of Turkish repulic formed in 1923; reformed Turkish nation using Western models. (p 691) | 48 | |
| 155021956 | Atlantic Charter of 1941 | World War II alliance agreement between the United States and Britain; included a clause that recognized the right of all people to choose the form of government under which they live; indicated sympathy for decolonization. (p 767) | 49 | |
| 155021957 | audiencia | Royal court of appeals established in Spanish colonies of New World; there were 10 in each viceroyalty; part of colonial administrative system; staffed by professional magistrates. (p 434) | 50 | |
| 155021958 | Augustine (Saint) | Influential church father and theologian (354 to 430 C.E.); born in Africa and ultimately bishop of Hippo in Africa; champion of Christian doctrine against various heresies and very important in the long-term development of Christian thought on such issues as predestination. (p 103) | 51 | |
| 155021959 | Agustus Caesar | Name given to Octavian following his defeat of Mark Anthony and Cleopatra; first emperor of Rome. (p 73) | 52 | |
| 155021960 | Aurangzeb | Son and successor to to Shah Jahan in Mughal India; determined to extend Mughal control over whole of subcontinent; wished to purify Islam of Hindu influences; incessant warfare exhausted empire despite military successes; died in 1707. (p 493) | 53 | |
| 155021961 | Axum | Kingdom located in Ethiopian highlands; replaced Meroë in first century C.E.; received strong influences from Arabian peninsula; eventually converted to Christianity. (p 93) | 54 | |
| 155021962 | ayan | The wealthy landed elite that emerged in the early decades of Abbasid rule. (p 140) | 55 | |
| 155021963 | Babur | Founder of Mughal dynasty in India; descended from Turkic warriors; fist led invasion of India in 1526; died in 1530. (p 489) | 56 | |
| 155021964 | Babylonian empire | Unified all of Mesopotamia c. 1800 B.C.E.; collapsed due to foreign invasion c. 1600 B.C.E. (p 19) | 57 | |
| 155021965 | Baghdad | Capital of Abbasid dynasty located in Iraq near ancient Persian capiral of Ctesiphon. (p 138) | 58 | |
| 155021966 | Baibars | Commaner of Mamluk forces at Ain Jalut; originally enslaved by Mongols and sold to Egyptians. (p 325) | 59 | |
| 155021967 | Abu Bakr | One of Muhammad's earliest converts; succeeded Muhammad as first caliph of Islamic community. (p 131) | 60 | |
| 155021968 | bakufu | MIlitary government established by the Minamoto following the Gempei Wars; centered at Kamakura; retained emperor, but real power resided in military government and samurai. (p 294) | 61 | |
| 155021969 | Vasco de Balboa | First Spanish captain to begin settlement on the mainland of Mesoamerica in 1509; initial settlement eventually led to conquest of Aztec and Inca empires bu other captains. (p 370) | 62 | |
| 155021970 | Balfour Declaration | British minister Lord Balfour's promise of support for the establishment of Jewish settlement in Palestine issued in 1917. (p 692) | 63 | |
| 155021971 | Balkan nationalism | Movements to create independent nations within the Balkan possessions of the Ottoman Empire; provoked a series of crises within the European Alliance system; eventually led to WWI. (p 558) | 64 | |
| 155021972 | banana republics | Term given to governments supported or created bu the United States in Central America; believed to be either corrupt or subservient to U.S. interests. (p 825) | 65 | |
| 155021973 | band | A level of social organization normally consisting of 20 to 30 people; nomadic hunters and gatherers; labor divided on a gender basis. (p 14) | 66 | |
| 155021974 | Bangladesh | Founded as an independent nation in 1927; fomerly East Pakistan. (p 837) | 67 | |
| 155021975 | banner armies | Eight armies of the Manchu tribes identigied as seperate flags; created bu Nurhaci in early 17th century; utilized to defeat Ming emperor and establish Qing dynasty. (p 629) | 68 | |
| 155021976 | Batavia | Dutch fortress focated after 1620 on the island of Java. (p 504) | 69 | |
| 155021977 | Fulgencio Batista | Dictator of Cuba from 1934 to 1944; returned to presidency in 1952; ousted from government by revolution led by Fidel Castro. (p 819) | 70 | |
| 155021978 | Battle of Britain | The 1940 Nazi air offensive including saturation bombing of London and ther British cities; countered by British air tactics and radar tracking of German assault aircraft. (p 758) | 71 | |
| 155021979 | Battle of the Bulge | Hitler's last ditch effort to repel the invading Allied armies in the winter of 144 to 1945. (p 761) | 72 | |
| 155021980 | Battle of the Coral Sea | World War II Pacific battle; United States and Japanese forces fought to a standoff. (p 762) | 73 | |
| 155021981 | Battle of Kulikova | Russian army victory over the forces of the Golden Horde; helped break Mongol hold over Russia. (p 323) | 74 | |
| 155021982 | Battle on the River Zab | Victory of Abbasids over Umayyads; resulted in conquest of Syria and capture of Umayyad capital. (p 137) | 75 | |
| 155021983 | Battle of Siffin | Fought in 657 between forces of Ali and Umayyads; settled by negotiation that led to fragmentation of Ali's party. (p 133) | 76 | |
| 155021984 | Batu | Ruler of Golden Horde; one of Chinggis Khan's grandsons; responsible for invasion of Russia beginning in 1236. (p 326) | 77 | |
| 155094878 | bedouin | Nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula; culture based on camel and goat nomadism; early converts to Islam. (p 122) | 78 | |
| 155094879 | Belisarius | One of Justinian's most important military commanders during period of reconquest of western Europe; commanded in north Africa and Italy. (p 196) | 79 | |
| 155094880 | Benedict of Nursia | Founder of monoasticism in what had been the western half of the Roman Empire; established Benedictine Rule in 6th century; paralleled development of Basil's rules in Byzantine Empire. (p 108) | 80 | |
| 155094881 | Benin | Powerful city-state (in present day Nigeria) which came into contact with the Portuguese in 1485 but remained relatively free of European influence; important commercial and political entity until the 19th century. (p 187) | 81 | |
| 155094882 | Berke | A ruler of the Golden Horde; converted to Islam; his threat to Julegu combined with the growing power of Mamluks in Egypt forestalled further Mongol conquests in the Middle East. (p 325) | 82 | |
| 155094883 | Berlin Wall | Built in 1961 to halt the flow of immigration from East Berlin to West Berlin; immigration was in response to lack of consumer goods and close Soviet control of economy and politics; torn down at the end of cold war in 1991. (p 800) | 83 | |
| 155119592 | Bernard of Clairvaux | Emphasized role of faith in preference to logic; stressed importance of mystical union with God; succesfully challenged Abelard and had him driven from the universities. (p 224) | 84 | |
| 155119593 | bhaktic cults | Hindu groups dedicated to gods and godesses; stressed importance of strong emotional bonds between devotees and the god or goddess who was the object of their veneration; most widely worshipped gods were Shiva and Vishnu. (p 163) | 85 | |
| 155119594 | Benazir Bhutto | Twice prime minister of Pakistan in the 1980's and 1990's; first ran for office to avenge her father's execution by the military clique then in power. (p 845) | 86 | |
| 155119595 | Steve Biko | An organizer of Black Consciousness movement in South Africa, in opposition to apartheid; mudered while in police custody. (p 858) | 87 | |
| 155119596 | Otto von Bismark | Conservative Prime Minister of Prussia; architect of German unification under Prussian king in 1870; utilized liberal reforms to attract support for conservative causes. (p 546) | 88 | |
| 155119597 | Black Death | Plague that struck Europe in 14th century; significantly reduced Europe's population; affected social structure. (p 232) | 89 | |
| 155119598 | blitzkrieg | German term for lightning warfare; involved rapid movement of troops, tanks, and mechanized carriers; resulted in early German victories over Belgium, Holland, and France in WW II. (p 757) | 90 | |
| 155270889 | bodhisattvas | Buddhist holy men; built up spiritual merits during their lifetimes; prayers even after death could aid people to achieve reflected holiness. (p 105) | 91 | |
| 155270890 | Boers | Dutch settlers in Cape Colony, in southern Africa. (p 367) | 92 | |
| 155270891 | Boer Republics | Transvaal and Orange Free State in southern Africa; established to assert independence of Boers from British colonial government in Cape Colony in 1850's; discovery of diamonds and precious metals caused British migration into the Boer areas in the 1860's. (p 583) | 93 | |
| 155270892 | Boer War | Fought between 1899 and 1902 over the continued independence of Boer republics; resulted in British victory, but began the process of decolonization in southern Africa. (p 583) | 94 | |
| 155270893 | Simon Bolívar | Creole military officer in northern South America; won series of victories in Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador between 1817 and 1822; military success led to creation of indepent state of Gran Colombia. (p 592) | 95 | |
| 155270894 | Bolsheviks | Literally, the majority party; the most radical branch of the Russian marxist movement; led by V.I. Lenin and dedicated to his concept of social revolution; actually a minority in the Russian Marxist political scheme until the 1917 revolution. (p 650) | 96 | |
| 155270895 | Napoleon Bonaparte | Rose within the French army during the wars of the French Revolution; eventually became general; led a coup that ended the French Revolution; established French Empire under his rule; defeated and deposed in 1815. (p 540) | 97 | |
| 155270896 | Boxer Rebellion | Popular outbirst in 1898 aimed at expelling foreigners from China; failed because of intervention of armies of Western powers in China; defeat of Chinese enhanced control by Europeans and the power of provincial officials. (p 635) | 98 | |
| 155270897 | boyars | Russian aristocrats; possessed less political power than did their counterparts in western Europe. (pp 207, 404) | 99 | |
| 155270898 | British East India Company | Joint stock company that obtained government monopoly over trade in India; acted as virtually independent governement in the regions it claimed.(p 364) | 100 | |
| 155270899 | British Raj | British political establishment in India; developed as a result of the rivalry between France and Britain in India. (p 565) | 101 | |
| 155270900 | Bronze Age | From about 4000 B.C.E., when bronze tools were first introduced in the Middle East, to about 1500 B.C.E. when iron began to replace it. (p 13) | 102 | |
| 155270901 | Buddha | Creator of major Indian and Asian religion; born in 6th century B.C.E. as son of local ruler among Aryan tribes located near Himalayas; became an ascetic; found enlightenment under bo tree; taught that enlightenment could be achieved only by abandoning desires for all earthly things. (p 59) | 103 | |
| 155270902 | Bulgaria | Slavic kingdom established in northern portions of Balkan peninsula; constant source of pressure on Byzantine Empire; defeated by Emperor Basil II in 1014. (p 197) | 104 | |
| 155270903 | bushi | Regional warrior leaders in Japan; ruled small kingdoms from fortresses; administered the law, supervised public works projects, collected revenues; built up private armies. (p 292) | 105 | |
| 155270904 | Buyids | Regional splinter dynasty of the mid-10th century; invaded and captured Baghdad; ruled Abbasid Empire under name of Sultan; retained Abbasids as figureheads. (p 151) | 106 | |
| 155270905 | Byzantine Empire | Eastern half of Roman Empire following collapse of western half of old empire; retained Mediterranean culture, particularly Greek; later lost Palestine, Syria, and Egypt to Islam; capital at Constantinople. (p 102) | 107 | |
| 155270906 | Pedro Alvares Cabral | Portuguese leader of an expedition to India; blown off course in 1500 and landed in Brazil. (p 435) | 108 | |
| 155270907 | Julius Caesar | Roman general responsible for conquest of Gaul; brought army back to Rome and overthrew republic; assassinated in 44 B.C.E. by conservative senators. (p 73) | 109 | |
| 155270908 | Calcutta | Headquarters of British East India Company in Bengal in Indian subcontinent; located on Ganges; captured in 1756 during the early part of the Seven Years' War; later became administrative center for all of Bengal. (p 376) | 110 | |
| 155270909 | caliph | The political and religious successor to Muhammad. (p 131) | 111 | |
| 155270910 | calpulli | Clans in Aztec society, later expanded to include residential groups that distributed lad and provided labor and warriors. (p 244) | 112 | |
| 155270911 | Jean Calvin | French Protestant (16th century) who stressed doctrine of predestination; established center of his group at Swiss canton of Geneva; encouraged ideas of wider access to government, wider public education; Calvinism spread from Switzerland to northern Europe and North America. (p 384) | 113 | |
| 155270912 | candomble | African religious ideas and practices in Brazil, particularly among the Yoruba people. (p 468) | 114 |
