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| 412360658 | Inductive Reasoning | Francis Bacons idea that we arrive at a knowledge based on observed facts | 0 | |
| 412360659 | Deductive Reasoning | drawing logical implications based off of what we already know. | 1 | |
| 412360660 | Gregorian Calender | Catholic countries followed this calander in the 16th century under the authority of Pope Gregory XIII. This calander and the Julian Calander differed by 10 days. The Georgian Calander was accepted by England in 1752 and Russia in 1918 | 2 | |
| 412360661 | Leviathan | The monster mentioned in the Bible. Thomas Hobbes refered to the government as a Leviathan because he thought it was intolerably dangerous for anyone to question the actions of government, for such questions might lead to Chaos | 3 | |
| 412360662 | Two Treaties of Governemnt | a book written by John Locke about how he believed that moderate religion was a good thing and above all that people could lern from experience and hence could be educated to an enlightened way of life. These ideas favored a belief in self-government. | 4 | |
| 412360663 | Rene Descartes | Considered the inventor of coordiate geometry. He showed that by use of coordinates any algebraic formula could be plotted as a curve. He held that he could not doubt his own existance as a thinking ansd doubting being . Inventor of "Cartesian Dualism" | 5 | |
| 412360664 | Galileo | he built a teloscope is 1609. He also discovered that Jupitor had satelites, moons around it like the moon around the earth. He showed that two bodies of different heights will hit the ground that the same time. | 6 | |
| 412360665 | Thomas Hobbes | followed a materialistic and even athiest system. In politics he sided with the king over pariament . He concluded that humans have no capaisity for self-governemnt. Folllows absolution | 7 | |
| 412360666 | John Locke | He carried over many of the ideas from the middle ages. He often sided with the parliament against the king in poltical struggles. He believed that moderate religion was a good thing. His ideas favored a self-government | 8 | |
| 412360667 | Natural Law | It exists as the reference pont for the justness of all positve laws. It was created by reason. It distingushed right from wrong. | 9 | |
| 412360668 | Voltaire | he was born in 169. After about 1740 he becmae the crusader,preaching the cause of religious toleration . He assulted not only the Catholic church but the whole traditional christian view of the world as well. He argued for natural religion and natural morality. he was neither a liberal or a democrat. | 10 | |
| 412360669 | Justification of the English Revolution | a sign of progress rather than reaction. The new and modern form of government in 1690 was royal absolutism, with its professional bureaucracy and corps of paid officials. Almost everywhere was resistance to the kings, led by landed interests and harking back to earlier freedoms. Locke made the resistance in England into a modern and forward-looking move. He checked the prestige of absolutism. He gave new prestige to constitutional principles. He was an almost entirely secular thinker, and, as one, he developed ideas that could be drawn into the political and social conflicts of most modern nations. | 11 | |
| 412360670 | Jean-Jacques Rousseau | He was possibly the most profound writer of the age and was certainly the most permanetly influential. He attacked society saying it was artifical and corrupt. He attacked Reason callling it a faulse guide when followed alone. He argued that civilization was the source if much evil and that life in a state of nature were it only possible. | 12 | |
| 412360671 | Scientific Revolution | A time when many scientific advances began happening at once. The increasing awareness and explanations for the world around people would allow people to think in a more systematic and logical manner. | 13 | |
| 412360672 | Maria Theresa | Her reign set the course of all later development of the austrian empire and hance of the many people who lived within its borders. She was aided by a notable team of ministers whose origin illistrated the nonnationals character of the hapsburg system. Their aim was primarily to prevent the dissolution of the monarachy by enlarging and guaranteeing the flow of taxes and soilders. She is the mother of Josph II | 14 | |
| 412360673 | Enlightenment | the time period after what was thought of as barbarism and darknesss. The leading ideas were optimistic beliefs in the historical advance of reason, science, education, social reform, tolerance, and enlioghted government . | 15 | |
| 412360674 | Joseph II | Son of Maria Thereasa. He was a pure representation of the Age of Enlightenment and it is in in his brief reign of the 10 years that the character and the limitations of enlightened despotism can best be seen. | 16 | |
| 412360675 | Philosophes | Were poltical writers that meant to approach any subject in a critical and inquiring spirit. They wrote to gain attention, and it was through them that the ideas of the enlightenment spread | 17 | |
| 412360676 | Cathine the Great | When she first came to power she publicized an intention to make certain enlightened reforms. The reform she enacted consisted in a measure of legal codification, restrictions on the use of torture, and a certain support of religious toleration that she would not allow Old Believers to build their own chapels. The reforms she made did not last long after she was emperor due to the the peasents rebellion. | 18 | |
| 412360677 | Idea of Progress | A belief, a kind of noreligious faith, that the conditons of human life ecame better as time goes on, that in genera each generation is better off than its predecessors and will contribute by its labor to an even better life for generations to come, and that in the long run all humankind will share in the same advance. | 19 | |
| 412360678 | Edmund Burke | He is an important leader of the whig party. He was their most eloquent spokesman.He was a founder of philsophical conservatism and yet a refomer. He thought that the landowning inerests should govern. But he places for a strong sense of party in opposition to royal encroachments. | 20 | |
| 412360679 | Anchients | they held that the works of the Greek and Romans had never been suroassed | 21 | |
| 412360680 | Moderns | pointingto science, art, literature, and invention, they declared tat their own time was the best | 22 | |
| 412360681 | Mary Wollstonecraft | She published Vindication of the rights of women in 1792 | 23 | |
| 412360682 | Social Contract | written by Rousseau. In it he seemed to contradict most of his famous sentiment for nature. In this book he held that the state of nature was a brutish condition with out law or morality. He held that the badness of men was due the evils of society | 24 | |
| 412360683 | Olympia de Gouges | a women who gained prominence as a writer for the theater and who in 1791 publish The Rights of Women | 25 | |
| 412360684 | Enlightened Despotism | People of this age drained marshes, built roads and bridhes, codified the laws, repressed provinival autonomy and localism, curtailed the independence of church and nobles, and built up a trained and salaried officaldom. Differed from "unenlightened" predecessors mainly in attitde and temp. It was secular. | 26 | |
| 412360685 | Apres Moi Le Deluge | "Whether or not he really said" | 27 | |
| 412360686 | Refractory clergy | The king himself was used as an example. He was personally used the service of refractory priest adn thus gave a new reason for the revolutionaries to distrust him. Thise who would rebel but would not rebel agasint the church. peasents and working class prefered this. | 28 | |
| 412399914 | Act of Union 1801 | a legislative agreement uniting Great Britain (England and Scotland) and Ireland under the name of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The union came into effect on 1 January 1801. Both Acts, though since amended, remain in force in the United Kingdom. This Act was passed in both Great Britain and Ireland; the Union with Ireland Act 1800 was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain, and the Act of Union (Ireland) 1800 was an Act of the Parliament of Ireland. The union came into effect on January 1, 1801. | 29 | |
| 412399915 | Bastile | A symbol of the old regime repression. The governor placed cannons in embrasures and a crowd asked for him to remove them; he said no so crown turned into mob and assulted him. Made the governor surrender-he was murdered. 98 members if the mob died so they killed members of the garrison. (july 14, 1789) | 30 | |
| 412399916 | Tennis Court Oath | After the estates general agreed to become one, they created. It affirmed that whatever they forgatheres the national assembly was in existance and that they would not disband until they had drafted a constitution (june 20 1789) It was a revolutionary step because it assumed virtually sovereign power for a body that had no legal authority | 31 | |
| 412399917 | Nigtht of August 4th | A small group of deputies, who were members of the bourgeois, prepared a surprise move in the Assembly by choosing an evening which they would be absent. Because of this nighta few liberal noblemen surrenedered tjeir hunting rights | 32 | |
| 412399918 | March on Versailles | On October 4th, a crowd of market women and revolutionary militants followed by the revolutionary Paris national guard, took the road from Paris to Versailles. They obliged Louis XVI to take up his residence in paris where he could be watched | 33 | |
| 412399919 | Robespierre | He had been elected in 1789 to sit for the third estate in the Estates General, and in the esuing Constituent assembly played a minor role, though calling attention to him sefl by his views agasint capittal punishment and in favor of universal suffrage. He continued ti agitate for democracy and vaily pleaded against the decleration of war | 34 | |
| 412399920 | Brunswick manifesto | In july 1972, a proclamation issued to the French people stating that if harm befell the French king and queen and the Austro-prussian forces, upon their arrives in paris, would exact the most severe retribution from the inhabitants of that city. (prussia and austria decalre that they will ivade if anything happends to Louis XVI | 35 | |
| 412399921 | George Stand | he became the most influential literary of the 1840's. Her many novels and essays often portrayed independent women, but her own life was almost as famous and controversial as her books. | 36 | |
| 412399922 | Robert Own | He was one of the first socialists who was also one of the first cotton lords. He created a kind of model community for his own employees, paying high wages, reducing hours, sternly correcting vice and drunkenness, building schools and housing and company stores for the cheap sale of workers' necessities | 37 | |
| 412399923 | Lousis Blanc | a spokes person in the Paris Journalist editor of the Revue de progress and author of the organization of work, one of the most constructive of the early socialist writing. | 38 |
