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AP World History Final Flashcards

Ch. 1-14

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272142088Hunter-GatherersLived in small groups often related to each other0
272142089Hunter-GatherersHunted game and collected wild or undomesticated plants for food1
272142090Hunter-GatherersTechnology included bows and arrows, Clovis points and spears2
272142091Hunter-GatherersMost practiced a form of religion called Animism3
272142092NeolithicFirst settled in the Middle East around 8000 BCE and later in other regions4
272142093NeolithicFirst to use agriculture and lived in permanent buildings in villages5
272142094NeolithicIrrigation of crops was developed and animals were domesticated to aid with hunting, transportation, etc.6
272142095NeolithicOne result of the closer contact with animals was increased exchanges of diseases to a from these people7
272142096River Valley CivilizationsTook place in Mesopotamia, the Nile Valley in North Africa, the Indus River Valley in South Asia, and the Shang in the Yellow (Huang He) River Valley in East Asia where agriculture first began8
272142097CivilizationMeans "a city"9
272142098River Valley CivilizationsBuilt the first buildings made of stone or brick10
272142099PastoralistsRaised domesticated animals but did not develop agriculture, they remained on the move11
272142100Pastoralists"Agents of change"12
272142101PastoralistsIn moving with their herds, they spread information about other groups and developments in technology13
272142102PastoralistsAn example is the still-functioning Mongols of East Asia14
272142103UrbanizationSmall villages in the River Valley Civilizations often grew into larger cities, and those cities became important centers of government, trade, and religion15
272142104BabyloniansEarly empire that conquered rival cities by force and put them under one code of law16
272142105Written Early Law CodeExample is the Code of Hammurabi from Babylon17
272142106AnimismEarliest-known form of religion. Sees gods in nature (worshiping the sun, etc.)18
272142107AnimismReligion that was popular among the hunter-gatherer societies19
272142108PolytheismDiffers from Animism in that gods in this religion have specific names (Apollo, etc.)20
272142109MonotheismBelief in one god21
272142110MonotheismJudiaism and Zoroastrianism are example of this type of religion22
272142111Classical EraYears c. 600 BCE - c. 600 CE23
272142112HinduismEarliest known organized religion24
272142113HinduismHad written codes of the faith and a class of religious leaders (priests)25
272142114HinduismReligion that was centered in South Asia26
272142115HinduismAll of the beliefs of this religion were influenced by Indo-European groups who migrated into the region from western areas near the Caspian Sea27
272142116HinduismTeachings of this religion supported the Caste System that greatly influenced the political and social structure of South Asia28
272142117BuddhismSupported spiritual equality and missionary activity29
272142118BuddhaPrince Siddhartha Gautama30
272142119BuddhismSpread far from its origins in South Asia into Southeast and East Asia along trade routes31
272142120ChristianityReform of Judaism32
276011824Mandate of HeavenBelief that the emperor in China would stay in power as long as the heavens were satisfied with his rule33
276011825Chinese Examination SystemBeginning with the Han dynasty. Scholar-bureaucrats took state-sponsored exams in order to become government scribes and serve in other capacities to help emperors run the affairs of state.34
276011826Chinese Examination SystemWith this it was possible- but rare- for low-born citizens to rise to political prominence35
276011827Mediterranean CivilizationsTerm used to descrive the classical Greek and Roman civilizations36
276011828HellenismBlend of Greek and local styles ex: Buddha statue made in Greek style37
276011829Maurya/Gupta EmpiresClassical empires in South Asia- geographically extensive and powerful38
276011830Maurya/Gupta EmpiresException to the trend of political fragmentation in South Asian history39
276011831BantuMigrated south and east over many centuries, spreading a common language base and metal-working technology40
276011832Silk RoadsConnected East Asia to northern India and centra Asia and, indirectly, to the Mediterranean region, West Africa, and northern Europe41
276011833Silk RoadsSilk, tea, spices, horses, and technology were carried westward along camel and horse caravan routes42
276011834Indian Ocean Trade NetworkWas just as important as the Silk Roads, but with routes over water43
276011835Han DynastyFirst classical empire to go (fall)44
276011836Internal PressuresCaused the first three classical empires to fall. Ex: peasant revolts. Also from external, such as invading nomads and imported diseases45
276011837Trans-Sahara TradeTrade of goods, people, and faith across North Africa's Sahara desert peaked from the 8th century CE to the 1500s46
276011838Trans-Sahara TradeCamels were the main mode of transportation-- transporting Gold, salt, animal hides, and slaves47
276011839Djenne, Goa, TimbuktuThree important West African trade centers along the Trans-Saharan trade routes48
276011840IslamFirst preached in Arabia in 7th century CE49
276011841Islam"Submission"50
276011842CaliphateRegional states each led by a caliph51
276011843CrusadesA series of Christian versus Muslim military campaigns for the "holy land" in Southwest Asia and for parts of the Byzantine empire52
276011844Dar-al Islam"Everywhere Islam is." Term that described the territory extending from Spain and Northwest Africa all the way to South and Southeast Asia53
276011845Dar-al IslamNot a unified political empire but a large region where Islamic faith and culture was dominant54
276011846Diffusion of ReligionsThree religions being spreading far outside their places of origin: Christianity, Buddhism, and Islam55
276011847ByzantiumOriginal name of the city of Constantinople56
276011848Byzantine EmpireThis empire had major economic, social, and political influence over southern and eastern Europe, the Eastern Mediterranean, and Southwest Asia57
276011849Tang and Song DynastiesTwo of the most famous dynasties in all of Chinese history, not just in the era58
276011850Tang and Song DynastiesUnder these dynasties, China had the world's largest population, the most advanced technology, and the most splendid cities "DRINK SOME TANG AND SING A SONG!!!!"59
276011851Sinification"Chinese-ification" of Japan, Korea, and Southeast Asia. China was such a powerful neighbor; it was inevitable that nearby countries would follow its political, social, and economic examples60
276011852Mongols"Agents of change" or "an unstoppable tide of horror"61
276011853MongolsInvaded south China and rode west all the way into Russia and Southwest Asia in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries62
276011854Black DeathMay have originated along the trade routes near the Black Sea63
276011855Black DeathSpread east and west during the age of the Mongol conquests, killing millions. Wiped out as much as 1/3 of the population of western Europe64
276011856Mayan StatesWere centered in Mesoamerica. Featured pyramids, large cities, a written language, and a complex society. Tikal was an important city65
276011857Coerced LaborIncludes slavery, serfdom, the corvee (government required albor on public works projects), and indentured servitude66
276011858FeudalismPeople serving as agricultural workers for landowners67
276011859Zheng HeRepresenting the power of the Ming Dynasty68
276011860Zheng HeLed enormous expeditions that included huge treasure ships and thousands of sailors, and crossed the Indian Ocean and traveled to the Spice Islands of Southeast Asia in the early 15th century69
276011861Inca EmpireCentered in the Andes Mountains in western South America70
276011862Inca EmpireBuilt on previous cultures in their region.71
276011863Columbian ExchangeColumbus's expeditions to the Americas triggered exchanges of plants, animals, technology, and diseases on a worldwide level72
276011864Atlantic WorldEncompasses the people, politics, religions, goods, and ideas that crossed back and forth over the Atlantic after Columbus's journeys connected Europe, Africa, and North and South America73
276011865MercantilismRaw materials from the Americas/Asia were processed and sold from the countries that owned them... does that make sense?74
276011866Atlantic Slave TradeLaborers were mainly found in West Africa to work on the large sugar plantations in the Caribbean75
276011867Encomienda SystemSpanish practice that was used in Spain's American colonies and in the Philippines76
276011868Encomienda SystemSpanish settlers were granted tracts of land and were permitted to use the native people already living on that land as indentured servants77
276011869Mughal EmpireMuslim empire in South Asia. One of its famous leaders was Akbar.78
276011870Mughal EmpireReligious tolerance was one of its features, the Taj Mahal was built during this reign.79
276011871MughalsClaimed to be descended from the Mongols80
276011872SyncretismDiffusion of religions into other religions to adapt81
276011873Ottoman EmpireMuslim empire that expanded from Southwest Asia into parts of North Africa and Eastern Europe82
276011874Ottoman EmpireOttoman Turks ruled this large empire83
276011875PaleolithicIn this era, humans learned to use tools made from stone and wood. Tools included the spear, the bow and arrow, the club, and the stone axe84
276011876Paleolithichumans started religious practices in this era85
276011877NeolithicTechnological developments increased food production. (ex: plows, wheels, sickles, traps), also learned how to melt metals86
276011878Sacred TextsVedas and Upanishads87

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