Ch. 1-14
272142088 | Hunter-Gatherers | Lived in small groups often related to each other | 0 | |
272142089 | Hunter-Gatherers | Hunted game and collected wild or undomesticated plants for food | 1 | |
272142090 | Hunter-Gatherers | Technology included bows and arrows, Clovis points and spears | 2 | |
272142091 | Hunter-Gatherers | Most practiced a form of religion called Animism | 3 | |
272142092 | Neolithic | First settled in the Middle East around 8000 BCE and later in other regions | 4 | |
272142093 | Neolithic | First to use agriculture and lived in permanent buildings in villages | 5 | |
272142094 | Neolithic | Irrigation of crops was developed and animals were domesticated to aid with hunting, transportation, etc. | 6 | |
272142095 | Neolithic | One result of the closer contact with animals was increased exchanges of diseases to a from these people | 7 | |
272142096 | River Valley Civilizations | Took place in Mesopotamia, the Nile Valley in North Africa, the Indus River Valley in South Asia, and the Shang in the Yellow (Huang He) River Valley in East Asia where agriculture first began | 8 | |
272142097 | Civilization | Means "a city" | 9 | |
272142098 | River Valley Civilizations | Built the first buildings made of stone or brick | 10 | |
272142099 | Pastoralists | Raised domesticated animals but did not develop agriculture, they remained on the move | 11 | |
272142100 | Pastoralists | "Agents of change" | 12 | |
272142101 | Pastoralists | In moving with their herds, they spread information about other groups and developments in technology | 13 | |
272142102 | Pastoralists | An example is the still-functioning Mongols of East Asia | 14 | |
272142103 | Urbanization | Small villages in the River Valley Civilizations often grew into larger cities, and those cities became important centers of government, trade, and religion | 15 | |
272142104 | Babylonians | Early empire that conquered rival cities by force and put them under one code of law | 16 | |
272142105 | Written Early Law Code | Example is the Code of Hammurabi from Babylon | 17 | |
272142106 | Animism | Earliest-known form of religion. Sees gods in nature (worshiping the sun, etc.) | 18 | |
272142107 | Animism | Religion that was popular among the hunter-gatherer societies | 19 | |
272142108 | Polytheism | Differs from Animism in that gods in this religion have specific names (Apollo, etc.) | 20 | |
272142109 | Monotheism | Belief in one god | 21 | |
272142110 | Monotheism | Judiaism and Zoroastrianism are example of this type of religion | 22 | |
272142111 | Classical Era | Years c. 600 BCE - c. 600 CE | 23 | |
272142112 | Hinduism | Earliest known organized religion | 24 | |
272142113 | Hinduism | Had written codes of the faith and a class of religious leaders (priests) | 25 | |
272142114 | Hinduism | Religion that was centered in South Asia | 26 | |
272142115 | Hinduism | All of the beliefs of this religion were influenced by Indo-European groups who migrated into the region from western areas near the Caspian Sea | 27 | |
272142116 | Hinduism | Teachings of this religion supported the Caste System that greatly influenced the political and social structure of South Asia | 28 | |
272142117 | Buddhism | Supported spiritual equality and missionary activity | 29 | |
272142118 | Buddha | Prince Siddhartha Gautama | 30 | |
272142119 | Buddhism | Spread far from its origins in South Asia into Southeast and East Asia along trade routes | 31 | |
272142120 | Christianity | Reform of Judaism | 32 | |
276011824 | Mandate of Heaven | Belief that the emperor in China would stay in power as long as the heavens were satisfied with his rule | 33 | |
276011825 | Chinese Examination System | Beginning with the Han dynasty. Scholar-bureaucrats took state-sponsored exams in order to become government scribes and serve in other capacities to help emperors run the affairs of state. | 34 | |
276011826 | Chinese Examination System | With this it was possible- but rare- for low-born citizens to rise to political prominence | 35 | |
276011827 | Mediterranean Civilizations | Term used to descrive the classical Greek and Roman civilizations | 36 | |
276011828 | Hellenism | Blend of Greek and local styles ex: Buddha statue made in Greek style | 37 | |
276011829 | Maurya/Gupta Empires | Classical empires in South Asia- geographically extensive and powerful | 38 | |
276011830 | Maurya/Gupta Empires | Exception to the trend of political fragmentation in South Asian history | 39 | |
276011831 | Bantu | Migrated south and east over many centuries, spreading a common language base and metal-working technology | 40 | |
276011832 | Silk Roads | Connected East Asia to northern India and centra Asia and, indirectly, to the Mediterranean region, West Africa, and northern Europe | 41 | |
276011833 | Silk Roads | Silk, tea, spices, horses, and technology were carried westward along camel and horse caravan routes | 42 | |
276011834 | Indian Ocean Trade Network | Was just as important as the Silk Roads, but with routes over water | 43 | |
276011835 | Han Dynasty | First classical empire to go (fall) | 44 | |
276011836 | Internal Pressures | Caused the first three classical empires to fall. Ex: peasant revolts. Also from external, such as invading nomads and imported diseases | 45 | |
276011837 | Trans-Sahara Trade | Trade of goods, people, and faith across North Africa's Sahara desert peaked from the 8th century CE to the 1500s | 46 | |
276011838 | Trans-Sahara Trade | Camels were the main mode of transportation-- transporting Gold, salt, animal hides, and slaves | 47 | |
276011839 | Djenne, Goa, Timbuktu | Three important West African trade centers along the Trans-Saharan trade routes | 48 | |
276011840 | Islam | First preached in Arabia in 7th century CE | 49 | |
276011841 | Islam | "Submission" | 50 | |
276011842 | Caliphate | Regional states each led by a caliph | 51 | |
276011843 | Crusades | A series of Christian versus Muslim military campaigns for the "holy land" in Southwest Asia and for parts of the Byzantine empire | 52 | |
276011844 | Dar-al Islam | "Everywhere Islam is." Term that described the territory extending from Spain and Northwest Africa all the way to South and Southeast Asia | 53 | |
276011845 | Dar-al Islam | Not a unified political empire but a large region where Islamic faith and culture was dominant | 54 | |
276011846 | Diffusion of Religions | Three religions being spreading far outside their places of origin: Christianity, Buddhism, and Islam | 55 | |
276011847 | Byzantium | Original name of the city of Constantinople | 56 | |
276011848 | Byzantine Empire | This empire had major economic, social, and political influence over southern and eastern Europe, the Eastern Mediterranean, and Southwest Asia | 57 | |
276011849 | Tang and Song Dynasties | Two of the most famous dynasties in all of Chinese history, not just in the era | 58 | |
276011850 | Tang and Song Dynasties | Under these dynasties, China had the world's largest population, the most advanced technology, and the most splendid cities "DRINK SOME TANG AND SING A SONG!!!!" | 59 | |
276011851 | Sinification | "Chinese-ification" of Japan, Korea, and Southeast Asia. China was such a powerful neighbor; it was inevitable that nearby countries would follow its political, social, and economic examples | 60 | |
276011852 | Mongols | "Agents of change" or "an unstoppable tide of horror" | 61 | |
276011853 | Mongols | Invaded south China and rode west all the way into Russia and Southwest Asia in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries | 62 | |
276011854 | Black Death | May have originated along the trade routes near the Black Sea | 63 | |
276011855 | Black Death | Spread east and west during the age of the Mongol conquests, killing millions. Wiped out as much as 1/3 of the population of western Europe | 64 | |
276011856 | Mayan States | Were centered in Mesoamerica. Featured pyramids, large cities, a written language, and a complex society. Tikal was an important city | 65 | |
276011857 | Coerced Labor | Includes slavery, serfdom, the corvee (government required albor on public works projects), and indentured servitude | 66 | |
276011858 | Feudalism | People serving as agricultural workers for landowners | 67 | |
276011859 | Zheng He | Representing the power of the Ming Dynasty | 68 | |
276011860 | Zheng He | Led enormous expeditions that included huge treasure ships and thousands of sailors, and crossed the Indian Ocean and traveled to the Spice Islands of Southeast Asia in the early 15th century | 69 | |
276011861 | Inca Empire | Centered in the Andes Mountains in western South America | 70 | |
276011862 | Inca Empire | Built on previous cultures in their region. | 71 | |
276011863 | Columbian Exchange | Columbus's expeditions to the Americas triggered exchanges of plants, animals, technology, and diseases on a worldwide level | 72 | |
276011864 | Atlantic World | Encompasses the people, politics, religions, goods, and ideas that crossed back and forth over the Atlantic after Columbus's journeys connected Europe, Africa, and North and South America | 73 | |
276011865 | Mercantilism | Raw materials from the Americas/Asia were processed and sold from the countries that owned them... does that make sense? | 74 | |
276011866 | Atlantic Slave Trade | Laborers were mainly found in West Africa to work on the large sugar plantations in the Caribbean | 75 | |
276011867 | Encomienda System | Spanish practice that was used in Spain's American colonies and in the Philippines | 76 | |
276011868 | Encomienda System | Spanish settlers were granted tracts of land and were permitted to use the native people already living on that land as indentured servants | 77 | |
276011869 | Mughal Empire | Muslim empire in South Asia. One of its famous leaders was Akbar. | 78 | |
276011870 | Mughal Empire | Religious tolerance was one of its features, the Taj Mahal was built during this reign. | 79 | |
276011871 | Mughals | Claimed to be descended from the Mongols | 80 | |
276011872 | Syncretism | Diffusion of religions into other religions to adapt | 81 | |
276011873 | Ottoman Empire | Muslim empire that expanded from Southwest Asia into parts of North Africa and Eastern Europe | 82 | |
276011874 | Ottoman Empire | Ottoman Turks ruled this large empire | 83 | |
276011875 | Paleolithic | In this era, humans learned to use tools made from stone and wood. Tools included the spear, the bow and arrow, the club, and the stone axe | 84 | |
276011876 | Paleolithic | humans started religious practices in this era | 85 | |
276011877 | Neolithic | Technological developments increased food production. (ex: plows, wheels, sickles, traps), also learned how to melt metals | 86 | |
276011878 | Sacred Texts | Vedas and Upanishads | 87 |