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| 5678281608 | hunting & gathering societies- | SMALL GROUPS of people; economies that required a great deal of space; consisted of hunting game & gathering nuts and berries; frequent movement due to precarious food supply! | 0 | |
| 5678379255 | Paleolithic (Old Stone) Age- | time span in which human beings learned only simple tool use such as employing rocks & sticks for suitable warfare! | 1 | |
| 5678406240 | Neolithic Revolution- | happened first in the middle east; development of agriculture that allowed people to settle in one place & supported more people per square mile! | 2 | |
| 5678443604 | society & agriculture- | societies in which most people are farmers & the production of food is the central economic activity! | 3 | |
| 5678495350 | cuneiform- | earliest writing in the middle east emerging about 3500 BC; based on wedge-like characters! | 4 | |
| 5678524634 | Tigris-Euphrates civilization- | first civilization that arose in the Middle East near the Tigris & Euphrates rivers; main characteristic was regional city states! | 5 | |
| 5678570090 | Egypt vs. Mesopotamia- | Egypt was more well organized than Mesopotamia! and focused on having their civilization last a long time! | 6 | |
| 5678611440 | Dynasty- | a line of hereditary rulers of a country (family)! | 7 | |
| 5678663908 | Qin Dynasty vs. Zhou Dynasty- | Qin dynasty was more centralized; Qin dynasty was responsible for a number of innovations in Chinese politics & culture; Zhou dynasty extended China's territory & heightened the focus on central government! | 8 | |
| 5678729711 | Chinese views of nature- | believed in the importance of a harmonious earthly life, which would maintain proper balance between earth & heaven! | 9 | |
| 5678760892 | Confucian beliefs- | Confucianism was primarily a system of ethics-do unto others as your status and theirs dictate- and a plea for loyalty to the community! | 10 | |
| 5678776100 | Chinese talents- | very good craftsmen; detailed & elaborate work! | 11 | |
| 5678786053 | Chinese economic strength- | technological advancements (technology!) | 12 | |
| 5678828641 | women in Han dynasty- | although women were subordinate, they had their own clearly defined roles & could sometimes gain power through their sons & as mothers-in-law of younger women brought into the household! | 13 | |
| 5678854839 | Indian caste system rules- | the Indian caste system enforced rules of political behavior; born into a status & once you are ranked a certain way it is hard to change; untouchables at the bottom of the caste system!! | 14 | |
| 5678866499 | Confucian/ Hindu values- | Confucianism was a political/ social system while Hindu focuses on spirituality & is a religious/ social system! | 15 | |
| 5678938249 | Hindu ethics (pg.65 textbook) - | Hinduism illustrated a central emphasis on the moral law of dharma, each person must meet the obligations of life, serving the family, producing a livelihood, earning money, & serving in the army! | 16 | |
| 5678960181 | Hinduism vs. Buddhism- | differed in opinion of the caste system (Buddhists do not practice the belief in the caste system!) | 17 | |
| 5678983252 | China, India, and Roman Empire- | all were tolerant of different religions! | 18 | |
| 5678995284 | Greek genius- | politics! | 19 | |
| 5678995285 | Roman genius- | engineering! | 20 | |
| 5679024812 | Hellenistic society- | had advances in medicine & geometry! | 21 | |
| 5679034789 | Roman slaves- | used for manual labor and human resources! | 22 | |
| 5679090811 | nomadic invaders- | known for being good horsemen! | 23 | |
| 5679093625 | Japan's religion- | Shintoism! | 24 | |
| 5679126723 | Hinduism, Buddhism, & Christianity- | common belief in life after death! | 25 | |
| 5679406044 | "Islam"- | means submission! | 26 | |
| 5679413879 | Bedouins- | nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula; culture based on camel & goat nomadism; early converts to Islam! | 27 | |
| 5679435146 | Shaykhs- | leaders of the tribes & clans within bedouin society; usually men with large herds, several wives, & many children! | 28 | |
| 5679455621 | Umayyads- | clan of Quraysh that dominated politics and commercial economy of Mecca; clan established dynasty as rulers of Islam; responsible for the foundation of Mecca ! | 29 | |
| 5679475154 | Ka'ba- | most revered religious shrine in pre-islamic Arabia; located in Mecca; focus of obligatory annual truce among bedouin tribes; later incorporated as an important shrine in Islam; black cloth embroidered with gold & scripture!! | 30 | |
| 5679496283 | Muhammad- | prophet of Islam; born c.570 to Banu Hashim clan of Quraysh tribe in Mecca; raised by father's family; received revelations from Allah in 610 ce and died in 632! | 31 | |
| 5679526949 | five pillars- | the obligatory religious duties of all Muslims; confession of faith, prayer, fasting during Ramadan, zakat (money to poor), and hajj! | 32 | |
| 5679535167 | caliph- | the political and religious successor to Muhammad! | 33 | |
| 5679549329 | Medina- | also known as Yathrib; town located northeast of Mecca; grew date palms whose fruit was sold to bedouins; became refuge for Muhammad following flight from Mecca! | 34 | |
| 5679564245 | Mecca- | city located in mountainous region along Red Sea in Arabian peninsula; founded by Umayyad clan of Quraysh; site of Ka'ba; original home of Muhammad; location of chief religious pilgrimage point in Islam! | 35 | |
| 5679580630 | Damascus- | Syrian city that was capital of Umayyad caliphate! | 36 | |
| 5679589908 | Baghdad- | capital of Abbasid dynasty located in Iraq near ancient Persian capital of Ctesiphon! | 37 | |
| 5686447336 | Saladin- | strong Muslim leader from the last decades of the 12th century; under his rule the Muslims were able to reconquer the crusader outposts! | 38 | |
| 5686671721 | Buddhism stressed- | meditation & ethical behavior! | 39 | |
| 5686687464 | Crusades & Islam- | Christians coming to reconquer the Holy Land; lots of warfare; brought arabic numerals, scientific learning; and military techniques to the west! | 40 | |
| 5686704895 | Sufis- | mystics! | 41 | |
| 5686709592 | Sub-Saharan Africa- | At the time of the Roman Empire, sub-saharan Africa was on the edge of major centers of civilization! Islam provided the major external contact between sub-saharan Africa & the world! | 42 | |
| 5686722784 | Sahel- | strip of grassland between the deserts! | 43 | |
| 5686730701 | Ethiopia- | one place in Africa that remained Christian! | 44 | |
| 5686745893 | Hagia Sophia- | great church built in Constantinople! | 45 | |
| 5686758275 | Theodora- | Justinian's wife! | 46 | |
| 5686771108 | Manorialism- | system that described economic and political relations between landlords and their peasant laborers during the Middle Ages; involved a hierarchy of reciprocal obligations that exchanged labor or rents for access to land! | 47 | |
| 5686863398 | Juula- | Manlike merchants; formed small partnerships to carry out trade throughout Mali Empire; eventually spread throughout much of west Africa! | 48 | |
| 5686892101 | Ghana, Mali, Songhay- | known for gold trade! | 49 | |
| 5686899738 | Zenj- | Arabic term for the east African coast! | 50 | |
| 5686907224 | Constantine/ Constantinople- | Roman emperor from 312 to 337 ce; established second capital at Constantinople; attempted to use religious force of Christianity to unify empire spiritually! | 51 | |
| 5686930533 | Greek Fire- | Byzantine weapon consisting of mixture of chemicals that ignited when exposed to water; utilized to drive back the Arab fleets that attacked Constantinople! | 52 | |
| 5686952847 | Cyril & Methodius- | missionaries sent by Byzantine government to eastern Europe and the Balkans; converted southern Russia and Balkans to Orthodox Christianity; responsible for creation of written script for Slavic known as Cyrillic! | 53 | |
| 5686977194 | Tatars- | Mongols; captured Russian cities and largely destroyed Kievan state in 1236; left Russian Orthodoxy and aristocracy intact! | 54 | |
| 5687234709 | Middle Ages- | The period in western European history from the decline and fall of the Roman Empire until the 15th century! | 55 | |
| 5687333301 | Split of the Roman Catholic church and Orthodox churches- | Charlemagne's crowning led to a split between the east and west; the eastern half adopting the Eastern Orthodox faith & the western half adopting the Roman Catholic faith! | 56 | |
| 5692522312 | Feudalism | This basic concept refers to the political and social order of medieval Europe; based on hierarchy of lords and vassals who controlled political and military affairs | 57 | |
| 5692522313 | Serfs | Peasant agricultural laborers within the manorial system of the middle ages | 58 | |
| 5692522314 | Moldboard | Heavy plow introduced in northern Europe during the Middle Ages; permitted deeper cultivation of heavier soils; a technological innovation of the medieval agricultural system | 59 | |
| 5692522315 | Scholasticism | Dominant medieval philosophical approach; so-called because of its' base in the schools or universities; based on use of logic to resolve theological problems | 60 | |
| 5692522316 | Gothic | An architectural style developed during the middle ages in Western Europe; featured pointed arches and flying buttresses as external supports on main walls | 61 | |
| 5692522317 | Romanesque | of or relating to a style of architecture developed in Italy and western Europe between the Roman and the Gothic styles and characterized in its development after 1000 by the use of the round arch and vault, substitution of piers for columns, decorative use of arcades, and profuse ornament | 62 | |
| 5692522318 | Toltecs | people who invaded central Mexico and were ruled by a military class; had a capital city of Tula; influenced the Maya; introduced the working of gold and silver; spread the worship of their god Quetzalcoatl; destroyed in the AD 1100's | 63 | |
| 5692522319 | Aztecs | Native American people who ruled Mexico and neighboring areas before the Spaniards conquered the region in the sixteenth century. Starting in the twelfth century, they built up an advanced civilization and empire | 64 | |
| 5692522320 | Lake Texcoco | A lake within the Anáhuac or Valley of Mexico and is most well known as where the Aztecs built the city of Tenochtitlan, which was located on an island within the lake | 65 | |
| 5692522321 | Tenochtitlan | the capital city of the Aztec Empire from the middle of the 1300s to the early 1500s | 66 | |
| 5692522322 | Chinampas | Beds of aquatic weeds, mud and earth placed in frames made of cane and rooted in lakes to create "floating islands"; system of irrigated agriculture utilized by Aztecs | 67 | |
| 5692522323 | Incas | a member of any of the dominant groups of South American Indian peoples who established an empire in Peru prior to the Spanish conquest | 68 | |
| 5692522324 | Split Inheritance | The Incas practiced this: and it is the process in which a ruler's chosen successor obtained all political power and rights, while the dead ruler maintained control over all the lands he had conquered during his life | 69 | |
| 5692522325 | Tambos | Way stations used by Incas as inns and storehouses; supply centers for Inca armies on move; relay points for system of runners used to carry messages | 70 | |
| 5692522326 | Mita | Labor extracted for lands assigned to the state and the religion; all communities were expected to contribute; an essential aspect of Inca control | 71 | |
| 5692522327 | Quipu | system of knotted strings utilized by the Incas in place of a writing system; could contain numerical and other types of information for censuses and financial records | 72 | |
| 5692522328 | Flowery death | Death while taking prisoners for the sacrificial knife; it was a fitting end to a noble life and ensured eternity in the highest heaven | 73 | |
| 5703449459 | socratic method emphasized- | questioning! | 74 | |
| 5703816611 | The early hunting gathering societies- | less characterized than other societies! | 75 | |
| 5703822677 | Pastoralists vs. horticulturalists- | horticulturalists stay in one place! | 76 | |
| 5703831761 | Chavin's beast of burden- | alpacas & llamas! | 77 | |
| 5703834698 | Early travel on the Indian Ocean included- | lateen sails! | 78 | |
| 5703834767 | This pair consists of universalizing religions- | Buddhism & Christianity! | 79 | |
| 5703839869 | Sunni & Shi'a split of muslims provoked by- | succession of caliphs! | 80 | |
| 5703844801 | Political organization of Europe described as- | fragmented! | 81 | |
| 5703844802 | Institution responsible for creating cultural unity in Europe- | Catholic church! | 82 | |
| 5704644569 | Coastal cities in east Africa spoke the Swahili language which blended- | Bantu & Arabic! | 83 | |
| 5724539151 | Socratic Method Emphasis- | rational inquiry by means of skeptical questioning | 84 |
