Period 2
Organization and Reorganization of Human Societies, c. 600 B.C.E. to c. 600 C.E
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| 270759504 | key states and empires | The number and size of ____________________ grew dramatically by imposing political unity on areas where previously there had been competing states. | 0 | |
| 270759505 | Southwest Asia: Persian Empires, East Asia: Qin and Han Empire, South Asia: Maurya and Gupta Empires, Mediterranean region: Phoenicia and its colonies, Greek citystates, and colonies, and Hellenistic and Roman Empires, Mesoamerica: Teotihuacan, Maya city-states, Andean South America: Moche Example of Persian Empires: Achaemenid, Parthian, Sassanid | Examples of key states and empires | 1 | |
| 270759506 | imperial administration | Empires and states developed new techniques of __________ based, in part, on the success of earlier political forms | 2 | |
| 270759507 | Centralized governments, Elaborate legal systems and bureaucracies | Examples of administrative institutions | 3 | |
| 270759508 | military power | Imperial governments projected_________ over larger areas using a variety of techniques | 4 | |
| 270759509 | Diplomacy, Developing supply lines, Building fortifications, defensive walls, and roads, Drawing new groups of military officers and soldiers from the local populations or conquered people | examples of techniques for projecting military power: | 5 | |
| 270759510 | China, Persia, Rome, South Asia | Example of regions where rulers created administrative institutions | 6 | |
| 270759511 | Roman, Han, Persian, Mauryan, and Gupta | The _____, ______, ________ and _______empires created political, cultural, and administrative difficulties that they could not manage, which eventually led to their decline, collapse, and transformation into successor empires or states. | 7 | |
| 270759512 | Through excessive mobilization of resources, imperial governments caused environmental damage and generated social tensions and economic difficulties by concentrating too much wealth in the hands of elites. | Internal problems that led to decline of Roman, Han, Persian, Mauryan, and Gupta. | 8 | |
| 270759513 | External problems resulted from security issues along their frontiers, including the threat of invasions. | External problems that led to decline of Roman, Han, Persian, Mauryan, and Gupta | 9 | |
| 270776167 | Deforestation, Desertification, Soil erosion, Silted river | Example of environmental Damage: | 10 | |
| 270776168 | Between Han China and the Xiongnu, Between the Gupta and the White Huns, Between the Romans and their northern and eastern neighbors. | Example of external problems along frontiers: | 11 | |
| 270776169 | transregional trade, communication, and exchange networks | Land and water routes became the basis for _______, ________ and _______ in the Eastern Hemisphere | 12 | |
| 270776170 | Eurasian Silk Roads, Trans-Saharan caravan routes, Indian Ocean sea lanes, Mediterranean sea lanes | Many factors, including the climate and location of the routes, the typical trade goods, and the ethnicity of people involved, shaped the distinctive features of a variety of trade routes. examples were | 13 | |
| 270776171 | Yokes, Saddles, Stirrups. Example of domesticated pack animals: Horses, Oxen, Llamas, Camels | New technologies facilitated long-distance communication and exchange. New technologies permitted the use of domesticated pack animals to transport goods across longer routes. Examples: | 14 | |
| 270776172 | Innovations in maritime technologies | ______________________, as well as advanced knowledge of the monsoon winds, stimulated exchanges along maritime routes from East Africa to East Asia. | 15 | |
| 272239000 | monotheism, Hebrew Scriptures | The association of __________with Judaism was further developed with the codification of the __________ , which also reflected the influence of Mesopotamian cultural and legal traditions. | 16 | |
| 272239001 | diasporic | The Assyrian, Babylonian, and Roman empires conquered various Jewish states at different points in time. These conquests contributed to the growth of Jewish _________ communities around the Mediterranean and Middle East. | 17 | |
| 272239002 | Sanskrit, Vedic | The core beliefs outlined in the _________ scriptures formed the basis of the ________ religions — later known as Hinduism | 18 | |
| 272239003 | caste , Brahma | Hinduism contributed to the development of the social and political roles of a______ system and in the importance of multiple manifestations of _______to promote teachings about reincarnation. | 19 | |
| 272239004 | Buddha, sutras | The core beliefs about desire, suffering, and the search for enlightenment preached by the historic ______ and recorded by his followers into _____ and other scriptures were, in part, a reaction to the Vedic beliefs and rituals dominant in South Asia. | 20 | |
| 272239005 | Ashoka, missionaries, merchants | Buddhism changed over time as it spread throughout Asia — first through the support of the Mauryan Emperor _______, and then through the efforts of ________ and _______ , and the establishment of educational institutions to promote its core teachings | 21 | |
| 272239006 | social harmony | Confucianism's core beliefs and writings originated in the writings and lessons of Confucius and were elaborated by key disciples who sought to promote _______ by outlining proper rituals and social relationships for all people in China, including the rulers. | 22 | |
| 272239007 | Daoist | In the major _______ writings, the core belief of balance between humans and nature assumed that the Chinese political system would be altered indirectly. | 23 | |
| 272239008 | Medical theories and practices, Poetry, Metallurgy, Architecture | Examples of the influence of Daoism on the development of Chinese culture: | 24 | |
| 272239009 | Judaism | Christianity, based on core beliefs about the teachings and divinity of Jesus of Nazareth as recorded by his disciples, drew on ______, and initially rejected Roman and Hellenistic influences | 25 | |
| 272239010 | missionaries and merchants, Constantine | Despite initial Roman imperial hostility, Christianity spread through the efforts of _________ and _______ through many parts of Afro-Eurasia, and eventually gained Roman imperial support by the time of Emperor ________. | 26 | |
| 272260057 | monastic, filial piety | Belief systems affected gender roles. Buddhism and Christianity encouraged ________ life and Confucianism emphasized _________ . | 27 | |
| 272260058 | Shamanism and animism, Ancestor veneration | Other religious and cultural traditions continued parallel to the codified, written belief systems in core civilizations. _______ and ______continued to shape the lives of people within and outside of core civilizations because of their daily reliance on the natural world. Also _________ persisted in many regions | 28 | |
| 272260059 | Africa, The Mediterranean region, East Asia, The Andean areas | Example of regions where ancestor veneration persisted: | 29 | |
| 272260060 | Greek plays, Indian epics | Literature and drama acquired distinctive forms that influenced artistic developments in neighboring regions and in later time periods. Examples: | 30 | |
| 272260061 | India, Greece, The Roman Empire, Mesoamerica. | Distinctive architectural styles developed in many regions in this period. Examples: | 31 |
