Winter 2016
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| 5712088994 | When did Homo Sapiens Sapiens emerge? | 120,000 years ago, in Africa | 0 | |
| 5712102133 | What is the Neolithic Revolution? | The succession of technological innovations and changes in human organization that led to the development of agriculture, 8500-3500 B.C.E | 1 | |
| 5712129335 | Approximate date of the Neolithic Revolution | 8500-3500 B.C | 2 | |
| 5712133398 | Sumer | People who migrated into Mesopotamia, 4000 B.C.E. Created first civilization within region; organized area into city-states. | 3 | |
| 5712163847 | Sargon I of Akkad | Akkadian king, who came to be the first identifiable figure in world history, in terms of surviving records. He unified the empire and added to Sumerian art the theme of royal victory. Also had a 5400 men army, the biggest army that had ever existed in that time period. | 4 | |
| 5712214979 | First documented kingdom of Ancient China | Shang dynasty, invented ideographic symbols | 5 | |
| 5712232464 | Mandate of Heaven | Divine support for their rulers | 6 | |
| 5712246562 | What constitutes a civilization? | 1) reliance of secondary agriculture 2) ability to produce food surpluses 3) existence of confirming elites 4) merchant and manufacturing groups | 7 | |
| 5712274773 | Zhou Dyansty | Vassal family in Shang empire who eventually overthrew Shang and established second historical Chinese dynasty that flourished from 1122 to 256 BCE. Perhaps had Turkic origin. | 8 | |
| 5712302930 | Shi Huangdi | Founder of brief Qin dynasty in 221 BCE | 9 | |
| 5712310098 | Han Dynasty | Chinese dynasty that succeede Qin in 202 BCE, ruled for 400 years | 10 | |
| 5712315937 | Laozi | Daoism believer who-Stressed that nature contains inherent principles that without recognition would lead to strife and unhappiness. | 11 | |
| 5712322536 | What was the backround to the development of Confucious' philosophy? | His station and the warring period he grew up in. | 12 | |
| 5712329687 | What was the key virtue for both Legalism and Confucianism?? | An auhoritative state where people knew their place. | 13 | |
| 5712336553 | Vedas | Oral epics developed by Aryans | 14 | |
| 5712342391 | Untouchables | Low social caste in Hindu culture; performed tasks that were considered polluting- street sweeping and tanning. | 15 | |
| 5712350265 | Chandisragupta Maurya | Founder of Maurya dynasty; established first empire in Indian subcontinent; first centralized government since Harappan civilization. | 16 | |
| 5712354657 | Guptas | Dynasty that succeeded the Kushans in the 3rd century; built empire that extended to all but southern regions of Indian sub-continent, less centralized than Mauryan civilization. | 17 | |
| 5712359305 | Ashoka | Converted to Buddhism and sponsored spread of new religion throughout his empire, Grandson of Chandragupta Maurya. | 18 | |
| 5712369495 | In Hinduism, what is one's reincarnation determined by? | Depends on how good a life the person has led. | 19 | |
| 5712388846 | Nirvana | The Buddhist state of enlightenment, a state of tranquility. | 20 | |
| 5712395971 | The rise of the Mauryan Dynasty was an indirect result of what other event? | Alexander the Great establishing a border state of Bactria. | 21 | |
| 5712402647 | Who defeated the Persian Empire in 331 BCE? | Alexander the Great. | 22 | |
| 5712411131 | The Peloponnesian Wars | Wars from 431-404 BCE, between Athens and Sparta for dominance in southern Greece; resulting in Spartan victory but failure to achieve political unity of Greece. | 23 | |
| 5712419854 | Julius Ceasar | Roman general responsible for conquest of Gaul, brought army back to Rome and overthrew the republic, assassinated by conservative senators. | 24 | |
| 5712431650 | Cyrus the Great | Established massive Persian empire by 550 BCE; successor to Mesopotamian empires. | 25 | |
| 5712439160 | How was Alexanders rule like that of the Qin empire? | Short lived but highly influential. Tip: If a question is ever comparing Alexander to another leader; 99% of the time the answer is this answer. | 26 | |
| 5712506871 | What was the Roman Government from the time of Augustus onward? | Emperors and empresses. | 27 | |
| 5712524380 | Socrates, Aristotle, and Plato all approached knowledge using what? | The human ability to think.(duh) | 28 | |
| 5712529795 | What did the Byzantine Empire develop from? | The Hellenistic era and imperial Rome. | 29 | |
| 5712539485 | The Pope | Bishop of Rome; head of the Christian church in western Europe. | 30 | |
| 5712545346 | Bedouins | Nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula; culture based on camel and goat nomadism; early converts to Islam | 31 | |
| 5712553597 | The Five Pillars | The obligatory religious duties of all Muslims: confession of faith, prayer, fasting during Ramadan, zakat, and hajj | 32 | |
| 5712558391 | Sunnis | Political and theological division within Islam, supported the Umayyads. | 33 | |
| 5712583344 | Shi'a | Also known as Shi'ites; political and theological division within Islam; followers of Ali. This division is still a big part of Islam... | 34 | |
| 5712603733 | Umma | Community of the faithful within Islam; transcended old tribal boundaries to create degree of political unity. The Five Pillars contributed greatly into forming the umma btw. | 35 | |
| 5712653831 | What did the Muslims preserve from the sixth to the eleventh centuries? | preservers of classical learning (I couldn't find the answer in the book so I looked it up and this is what pulled up, makes sense though) | 36 | |
| 5712704494 | Seljuk Turks | Nomadic invaders from central Asia via Persia; staunch Sunnis; ruled in the name of Abbasid caliphs from mid-11th century. | 37 | |
| 5712739761 | Omar Khayyam | Writer of a Arabic script called Rubaiyat. The literature in this period was more about nature and mystical settings, rather than stories about women for example. | 38 | |
| 5712802602 | Sufism | was a reaction against the impersonal and abstract divinity that many ulama scholars argued was the true god of the Qur'an. Sufis tried to see beyond what they believed to be the illusory existence of everyday life and to delight in the presence of Allah in the world. | 39 | |
| 5712884656 | Abbasid work in the sciences continued the work of who? | ancient Greeks | 40 | |
| 5712941450 | What hindered the spread of Islam in Southeast Asia? | Buddhism | 41 | |
| 5712987401 | How did Islam spread to sub-Saharan Africa? | First, when the Berber peoples of the Sahara had raided the costal cities. As we have seen with Egypt, north Africa was linked across the Sahara to the rest of Africa in many ways. Between 640 and 700 C.E., the followers of Muhammad swept across north Africa from Suez to Morocco's Atlantic shore. By 670 C.E., Muslims ruled Tunisia, or Ifriqiya(arabic term for eastern north Africa oh and btw Maghrib is the arabic term for western north Africa.... whatever) By 711, Arab and Berber armies had crossed into Spain. Only their defeat in France by Charles Martel at Poitiers in 732 brought the Muslim advance in the West to a halt. The message of Islam found fertile ground among the populations of north Africa. Conversion took place rapidly within a certain political unity provided by the Abbasid dynasty. The end. | 42 | |
| 5713169838 | Justinian | 527-565 Reign of Justinian. Emperor of Byzantine Empire. Tried to reconquer western territory in a last futile effort to restore an empire like Rome. He was somber, power-hungry, a moron, never truthful to anyone, heavily influenced by his power-hungry wife Theodora. Something good he did was rebuilding Constantinople, ravaged by earlier riots against high taxes, and systematizing the Roman legal code. He also built the Hagia Sophia(new church constructed in Constantinople during the reign of Justinian). When he systemized the Roman legal code, it not only eliminated confusion, but it also helped organize and unite the empire. | 43 | |
| 5713381753 | What year did the schism in the Christian Church occur? | 1054( long story short, 2 churches didn't agree on things, and later became the Eastern and Western churches) | 44 | |
| 5713905165 | Who converted the Russians to Orthodox Christianity? | The Byzantine Empire, in Constantinople, the Russians saw the church Hagia Sophia and were impressed. | 45 | |
| 5714006885 | Tartars | The good ole' Mongols; captured Russian cities and largely destroyed Kievan state in 1236; left Russian Orthodoxy and aristocracy intact. | 46 | |
| 5714073918 | Why did the Byzantine Empire thrive? | Because of the beautiful city of Constantinople; it was the center of trade and had remarkable churches and architecture and also many people traveled to this city, people from every race | 47 | |
| 5714211127 | Holy Roman Emperors | Emperors in northern Italy and Germany following split of Charlemagne's empire; claimed title of emperor c. 10th century; failed to develop centralized monarchy in Germany | 48 | |
| 5714246159 | Which pope launched the Crusades? | Urban II; Called for First Crusade in 1095; appealed to Christians to mount military assault to free the Holy Land from the Muslims | 49 | |
| 5714296557 | When did the Black Death hit Europe? | 14 century; significantly reduced Europe's population; affected social structure | 50 | |
| 5714319364 | Manorialism | System that described economic and political relations between landlords and their peasant laborers during the Middle Ages; involved a hierarchy of reciprocal obligations that exchanged labor or rents for access to land | 51 | |
| 5714357554 | How was the Carolington Empire like that of Alexander's? | shortlived but influential (if a question is asking about how Alexander's empire and another empire are similar, it is 99% this answer lol) | 52 | |
| 5714403039 | Tenochtitlan | Founded c. 1325 on marshy island in Lake Texcoco; became center of Aztec power; joined with Tlacopan and Texcoco in 1434 to form a triple alliance that controlled most of central plateau of Mesoamerica. | 53 | |
| 5714442709 | What element is missing from Inca civilization? | They had no system of writing, however they had quipo(system of knotted strings utilized by the Incas in place of a writing system; could contain numerical and other types of information for censuses and financial records. | 54 | |
| 5714473361 | Sinification | anything to do with Chinese culture | 55 | |
| 5714513921 | How are Empress Wu and Ashoka similar? | They both supported Buddhism and they both tried to convert the entire empire to Buddhism | 56 | |
| 5714568032 | What did Lady Murasaki write? | The Tale of Genji; first novel in any language; talks about life history of prominent and amorous son of the Japanese emperor | 57 | |
| 5714590106 | The Gempei Wars | Waged for five years from 1180, on Honshu between Taira and Minamoto families; resulted in destruction of Taira | 58 | |
| 5714605296 | Shoguns | Military leaders of the bakufu (military governments in Japan) | 59 | |
| 5714619323 | Who replaced the Kamakura bakufu? | shoguns | 60 | |
| 5714653433 | The Golden Horde | One of the four subdivisions of the Mongol empire after Chinggis Khan's death, originally ruled by his grandson Batu; territory covered much of what is today south central Russia | 61 | |
| 5714682942 | Kublai Khan | Grandson of Chinggis Khan, commander of Mongol forces responsible for conquest of China; became khagan in 1260; established Sinicized Mongol Yuan(meaning Region) in China in 1271. | 62 | |
| 5714724656 | Yuan Dynasty | The dynasty that Kublai Khan ruled; Yuan translates to Region. 1271-1368 c.e. | 63 | |
| 5714765908 | Who founded the Ming Dynasty? | Zhu Yuanzhang; Succeeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted huge trade expeditions to southern Asia and elsewhere, but later concentrated efforts on internal development within China | 64 | |
| 5714804397 | Ottoman Empire | A dynasty established beginning in the 13th century by Turkic peoples from Central Asia. Though most of their empire's early territory was in Asia Minor, the Ottomans eventually captured Constantinople(what a shame) and made it the capital of an empire that spanned 3 continents and lasted over 600 years | 65 | |
| 5714878976 | How much of the European population died from Black Death? | 1/3 of the population(wow) | 66 | |
| 5714894350 | Renaissance | Cultural and political movement in western Europe;began in Italy c. 1400; rested on urban vitality and expanding commerce; featured a literature and art with distinctly more secular priorities than those of the Middle Ages | 67 | |
| 5714924657 | Petrarch | Francesco Petrarch; one of the major literary figures of the Western Renaissance; an Italian author and humanist | 68 | |
| 5714958005 | What two kingdoms merged through marriage became Spain? | Castile and Aragon | 69 | |
| 5715818117 | Oh and if you think you still are not ready, read the chapter summaries at the end of each chapter OR | look up a Crash Course video on Youtube | 70 | |
| 5716011264 | https://youtu.be/TpcbfxtdoI8 | The link will pop up a Youtube video about Islam (Crash Course by John Green) | 71 | |
| 5727821288 | https://youtu.be/MRYzW3BSj0I?list=PL8dPuuaLjXtNjasccl-WajpONGX3zoY4M | Crash Course by John Green: Charles V and the Holy Roman Empire | 72 |
