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| 279298445 | When and where was Muhammad born? | 570 AD in Mecca | 0 | |
| 279298446 | What was the polytheistic shrine in Mecca? | Ka'aba | 1 | |
| 279298447 | What made Mecca so important? | It was an important location for commerce and religion and for its relationships between pilgrims and success of merchants | 2 | |
| 279298448 | What happened in 610 AD to Muhammad? | Recieved first revelation from Gabriel; told him there was only god named Allah | 3 | |
| 279298449 | Why did Mecca threaten Muhammad? | They believed his teachings and beliefs threatened success of the merchants thriving on commerce from pilgrims | 4 | |
| 279298450 | What happened to Muhammad in 622 AD? | Him and his followers flee to Yathrib (Medina) where he was free to practice and teach his faith; also the year the Muslim calender began; Flee refered to as the hijrah | 5 | |
| 279298451 | What is the umma? | Rules that governed daily life and included procedures for the care of widows and orphans as well as mounting an army of defense | 6 | |
| 279298452 | What occured in 629 AD to Muhammad? | He returned to Mecca to visit Ka'aba; pilgrimage referred to as the hajj | 7 | |
| 279298453 | In 630 AD, Muhammad and his followers ______ | Conquered Mecca | 8 | |
| 279298454 | In 632 AD, Muhammad ____ | Dies without a successor | 9 | |
| 279298455 | Islam literally means _____ and a Muslim is _____ | Submission; One who submits to the will of Allah | 10 | |
| 279298456 | Who was the founder of Islam and what did he believe his revelations were an extension of and what did he believe he was? | Muhammad; Jewish and Christianity teachings; Last prophet | 11 | |
| 279298457 | What are the 5 Pillars of Islam? | Faith, Prayer, Fasting, Giving of Alms, and Pilgrimage (Hajj) | 12 | |
| 279298458 | What is Islam's Holy Book, what does it include, and how is it used? | Quran (Koran); Revelations and teachings of Muhammad, hadith (collection od sayings of Muhammad), shariah (moral code for daily life); Guide politicians and judges (criminal justice) | 13 | |
| 279298459 | What are some facts about the early spread of Islam? | Spread through military conquest, to most of Arabian peninsula, 651 AD-Persia conquered, by the end of the 7th century-Syria, Mesopotamia, Palestine, Egypt, Central Asia, 8th century-North Africa, India, Iberian peninsula, early Muslim conquerors more concerned with gaining power for muslim leaders, not so much for spread of religion though | 14 | |
| 279298460 | Muhammad ___________ | built on religious traditions of the Arabian Peninsula | 15 | |
| 279298461 | The Delhi Sultanate _________ | ruled northern India, expanded control and influence through military conquest in 13th century through 16th century | 16 | |
| 279298462 | What was the jihad? | Islamic holy war to spread Islam; Brought Islam into Africa by 8th century spread along caravan routes | 17 | |
| 279298463 | Many women were resistant to conversion because ______ | they had more freedoms with indigenous belief system | 18 | |
| 279298464 | Roles of Women in Islam: Early days? | Did not have to wear veil, not secluded, considered as equal in faith | 19 | |
| 279298465 | Roles of Women in Islam: After contact with Middle Eastern cultures? | Harem from Abbasid court (men could have up to 4 wives, women could only have 1 husband), killing female children was illegal, women couuld own property before and after marriage, patriarchy established by Quran and shariah, and had some legal rights | 20 | |
| 279298466 | What was the social structure like for Muslim people? | They could not enslave other muslims (except prisoners of war), but could own slaves, slaves not hereditary, could free their slaves (especially after conversion) | 21 | |
| 279298467 | What is the Dar al-Islam? | the house of Islam, reffering to all Muslim lands | 22 | |
| 279298468 | What was the significance of Islam? | last world religion, quickly spread through trade and conquest, largest theocracy, preserved advancements made during Hellenistic Age, unified many across Eastern Hemisphere, competiotn between Muslims and Christians for economic influence led to Crusades, fued still today, monotheistic religion | 23 | |
| 279298469 | What is a caliph? | successor to the prophet, combines religious and secular duties and authority in one person | 24 | |
| 279298470 | Who were the Shi'ites? | only descendents of the family of Muhammad, may be caliphs | 25 | |
| 279298471 | Who were the Sunni? | any member of the umma, could be caliphs, larger than Shi'ites | 26 | |
| 279298472 | One of the weakness of the early Muslim empires was ______ | failure to resolve questions of succession | 27 | |
| 279298473 | When did the Umayyad caliphate begin? | 661 AD | 28 | |
| 279298474 | Damascas was the capital city in which caliphate? | Umayyad | 29 | |
| 279298475 | What were a few specific characteristics of the Umayyad caliphate? | Emphasized Arabic ethnicity, people of the book allowed freedom of worship, poverty gap (sometimes called rebellions) | 30 | |
| 279298476 | When was the Umayyad caliphate overthrown? | 750 AD | 31 | |
| 279298477 | Who overthrew the Umayyad caliphate and rose to power the same year? | Abbasids | 32 | |
| 279298478 | Baghdad was the capital city in which caliphate? | Abbasid | 33 | |
| 279298479 | What were some discoveries during the Abbasid caliphate? | Astrolabe, maps of stars, optic surgery | 34 | |
| 279298480 | What were some examples of art in the Abbasid caliphate? | Calligraphy, arabesques for writting and pottery, new architecture (minarets), and literary achievements | 35 | |
| 279298481 | What was the religion during the Abbasid caliphate? | Mystic Sufis stablish missions to spread Islam | 36 | |
| 279298482 | Why was the territory in the Abbasid caliphate so hard to maintain? | The territory was so large it was hard to manage | 37 | |
| 279298483 | When was the fall of the Abbasid caliphate and what caused it? | 13th century; Mongol Invasions | 38 | |
| 279298484 | The Abbasid caliphate _______ | proved the high point of Muslim cultural achievement | 39 | |
| 279298485 | What dynasties are included in post-classical China? | Sui, Tang, Song | 40 | |
| 279298486 | When did the Sui dynasty rise to power and why did they rise? | 589 AD; they reestablished centralized government in China after a period of disorder following the collapse of the Han Dynasty | 41 | |
| 279298487 | What year did the Tang begin to rise to power? | 618 AD | 42 | |
| 279298488 | Where was Chinese authority spread to during the Sui? | Central Asia (Afghanistan), Tibet, Manchuria, Vietnam | 43 | |
| 279298489 | What magnificent structure was being born at the time of the Sui? | Great Wall of China | 44 | |
| 279298490 | Buddhism in Tang Dynasty: | gained popularity and acceptance, rapid and prodigious construction of Buddhist monastaries, Empress Wu supported it, tax exemptions led to monastaries growing wealthy, Tang rulers worked to stop the growing spread of Buddhism later | 45 | |
| 279298491 | Why did the Tang dynasty collapse? | Rebellions and invasions from the North | 46 | |
| 279298492 | Achievements in Tang Dynasty: | Trade/travel, trade by sea, junk ships, use of paper money, earliest forms of credit, urbanization, public works project (canals, irrigation), land redistribution, gunpowder | 47 | |
| 279298493 | What year did the Song dynasty gain control? | 960 AD | 48 | |
| 279298494 | Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty: | Blending of Confucianism and Buddhism, reinforced traditional idea about respect for authority, family values, and gender roles | 49 | |
| 279298495 | Achievements in Song Dynasty: | Advanced weapons (catapults), moveable type, compasses, abacus | 50 | |
| 279298496 | When did the Song dynasty fall? | Late 13th century | 51 | |
| 279298497 | Patriarchy in Song Dynasty: | Footbinding and deterioration of the status of women | 52 | |
| 279298498 | The position of Chinese women ______ | was defined by Confucianism | 53 | |
| 279298499 | What influence did China have on Japan? | Chinese writting, Confucianism, Chinese bureaucracy, Buddhism, and artistic expression | 54 | |
| 279298500 | When did Japan come into contact with China? | 7th century | 55 | |
| 279298501 | What are bushi? | Aristocrats that owned large amounts of property and wielded armies, samurai were the knights of the bushi | 56 | |
| 279298502 | What was the bushido? | code of honor for bushi and samurais | 57 | |
| 279298503 | What happened in Japan in the 12th century? | Powerful clans emerged (Fujiwara) with the help of alliances among local lords | 58 | |
| 279298504 | What were the Gempei Wars? | Destructive wars between the samurai and peasants, led to the victory of the Minamoto family who established a military government (emperor becomes a mere puppet) | 59 | |
| 279298505 | What happened in the 14th century to Japan? | civil disorder leads to bushi taking control and dividing japan into nearly 300 kingdoms, ruled by a daimyo (warlord) | 60 | |
| 279298506 | When did the code of bushido decline? | 15th century | 61 | |
| 279298507 | What were 2 things the Japenese did to show off their unique culture? | Tea ceremonies and ornamental gardens | 62 | |
| 279298508 | Who conquered Korea? | Chinese Tang Dynasty | 63 | |
| 279298509 | What does the Silla kingdom in Korea do in 668 AD? | They push the Tang out of Korea in exchange for an agreement to pay tribute | 64 | |
| 279298510 | What influence did China have on Korea? | Metallurgy, agriculture, Bugghism, Chinese writing, confucian literature, civil service exams, and porcelain manufacture | 65 | |
| 279298511 | What occured in Japan during the 16th and 17th centuries? | increase in centralization, tax collection, and trade resumed with China | 66 | |
| 279298512 | Vietnam was conquered by who? | Han China | 67 | |
| 279298513 | When did Vietnam receive independence from China? | During Tang rule in 939 AD | 68 | |
| 279298514 | What influences did China have Vietnam? | Buddhism, agricultural, irrigation techniques, Confucian concepts (veneration of ancestors), importance of the extended family, civil service exams, and military organization and technology | 69 | |
| 279302322 | Compared to Korean attitudes toward the Chinese, those of the Japenese _________ | were similar in their desire to become part of the Chinese trading system | 70 | |
| 279382045 | Manorialism in Medieval Europe: Early Middle Ages? | typically organized into feudal estates as small landowners sold land to larger landowners, some peasants moved to cities, other stayed to work the lands of those they sold to | 71 | |
| 279382046 | Feudalism in Midieval Europe: Early Middle Ages? | large landowners (nobles, lords) gave parcels of land to vassals (sometimes knights, sometimes lesser nobles/lords) in exchange for military service, serfs worked the lands of the lords and vassals in exchange for protection, serfs gave a portion of their crops | 72 | |
| 279382047 | Technology in Midieval Europe: Early Middle Ages? | renewed contacts with the East, ~900 AD brought plows and improved agricultural techniques | 73 | |
| 279382048 | What was the result of the crusuades? | brought attention to products from the East, Europeans wanted these goods, led to an increase in trade and an increase in rivalries between Christian and Muslim merchants | 74 | |
| 279382049 | What was chivalry? | code of conduct for knights and lords, unlike bushido in that it involves a reciprocal relationship and does not apply to women | 75 | |
| 279382050 | Religion in Mivieval Europe: Early Middle Ages? | Catholic church dominated cultural beliefs and traditions (architecture, art, literature), especially before the revival of trade and the development of early kingdoms | 76 | |
| 279382051 | What was the outcome of the development of Parliaments in Midieval Europe during the High Middle Ages? | an extension/evolution of feudal relationship between lord and vassal | 77 | |
| 279382052 | Who fought in the Hundred Years' War? | England and France | 78 | |
| 279382053 | Technology in Midieval Europe: High Middle Ages? | Banking systems, gunpowder, cannons | 79 | |
| 279382054 | What influence did Muslims have on Midieval Europe in the High Middle Ages | Gothic Architecture | 80 | |
| 279382055 | Nomads ______ | were from the steppes of Central Asia, used horses for powerful military, organized into tribes, and traded for what they could produce | 81 | |
| 279382056 | Nomad women _____ | had the right to participate in tribal councils | 82 | |
| 279382057 | Who was Chinggis Khan? | Leader who united the Mongol tribes | 83 | |
| 279382058 | What technology did the Mongols adopt from the Chinese? | Weapons | 84 | |
| 279382059 | In what years did the Mongols lead a conquest against Russia? | 1237-1240 AD | 85 | |
| 279382060 | What did the Russians call the Mongols? | Tartars | 86 | |
| 279382061 | Which Mongol empire was considered the "tribue empire"? | Golden Horde | 87 | |
| 279382062 | What did the Mongols do in 1258? | Burned down Baghdad | 88 | |
| 279382063 | In what year was the Yuan dynasty founded and who founded it? | 1271 AD; Kublai Khan | 89 | |
| 279382064 | How did Mongol women and Chinese women compare? | Mongol women had more freedom | 90 | |
| 279382065 | What was the impact of the Mongol rule? | Trade along the Silk Roads protected and encouraged, spread of the plague, foreign rule in China (caused revival of Confucianism; Neo-Confucianism), Russia cut off from Western European advancemetns and the practice of serf labor developed | 91 | |
| 279382066 | Who was Timur the Lame (Tamerlane)? | Renegade Turk tried to recreate Mongol invasions by rampaging through the Middle East and Central Asia | 92 | |
| 279382067 | Mongol rule in Russia and China differed in that ________ | The mongols became more involved in administration in China than in Russia | 93 | |
| 279382068 | When did Bantu (agrarian) migrate southward into Sub-Saharan Africa and what was the outcome of the migration? | ~2000 BC-1500 AD; spread agriculture, knowledge of iron working, learned how to grow bananas, mix of Bantu language with Arabic created Swahili | 94 | |
| 279382069 | In what century did Bantu reach the eastern coast of Africa? | 13th century | 95 | |
| 279382070 | How were the Bantu stateless societies organized? | around family/kinship groups | 96 | |
| 279382071 | What was the Bantu religion? | animistic, oral traditions passed on by griots (storytellers) | 97 | |
| 279382072 | Age Grades in Bantu Migrations: | each age level and gender had specific duties to the community | 98 | |
| 279382073 | What were the role of women in Bantu? | valued as mothers, also worked on farms and sometimes in the military | 99 | |
| 279382074 | What was the Bantu economic status? | measured in acquisition of slaves, not property | 100 | |
| 279382075 | What 4 civilizations were included in the Post-classical Indian Ocean Trade? | China, the Middle East, Europe, and India | 101 | |
| 279382076 | When did China's trade increase? | Tang, Song, Yuan, and Ming dynasties | 102 | |
| 279382077 | What did merhants use to travel to India and the Spice Islands? | Monsoon winds | 103 | |
| 279382078 | What allowed Europe to explore more extensively in the Indian Ocean? | Technological advancements | 104 | |
| 279382079 | India established trading ports for what 3 people groups? | Chinese, Arabs, and Europeans | 105 | |
| 279382080 | Who were the first nation states to emerge? | England and France | 106 | |
| 279382081 | Who were the rest of the nation states to emerge? | Spain, Portugal, Hapsburg Empire, Papal, and Italian states | 107 | |
| 279382082 | During what time period did the revival of Greek and Roman traditions and learning come about? | Renaissance | 108 | |
| 279382083 | What is humanism? | Emphasis on human abilities | 109 | |
| 279382084 | The renaissance in Europe was a time of great change in what 2 areas? | Arts and political theories (birth of absolute monarchies) | 110 | |
| 279389932 | What achievement allowed faster and further travel for the Europeans? | New technologies learned from the Chinese and Arabs | 111 | |
| 279389933 | Why did Europe lead a race to find new ways to get to the East? | Compition with the muslims for the spice trade (wanting to cut out the middle man | 112 | |
| 279389934 | Superior European technology (especially weapons) allowed Europeans to easily do what? | Dominate areas in Africa, however, Europeans mostly interested in establishing trade ports in Africa and Asia | 113 | |
| 279389935 | European exploration through the mid-fifteenth century __________ | Depended upon the knowledg of the Eastern world | 114 | |
| 279405028 | Both the Aztecs and the Incas __________ | Were tribute empires | 115 | |
| 279405029 | What was the capital of the Aztec civilization? | Tenochtitlan (Lake Texcoco) | 116 | |
| 279405030 | What did the Aztecs use to wirte? | Pictographs | 117 | |
| 279405031 | What was the Aztec religion? | polytheistic, belief in Quetzalcoatl | 118 | |
| 279405032 | What was the Aztec social structure composed of and how were they organized? | nobles, peasants, slaves; by family clans | 119 | |
| 279405033 | What were the roles of women in the Aztec civilization? | they were honored for duties such as childbirth, weaving, had some legal rights, but no political power | 120 | |
| 279405034 | What was the Aztec economy based upon? | Markets (controlled by government) and long-distant trade | 121 | |
| 279405035 | In what year did the Incas rise to power? | 1300 AD | 122 | |
| 279405036 | What was the capital of the Incan civilization? | Cuzco | 123 | |
| 279405037 | What was the writing method of the Incas? | Quipa | 124 | |
| 279405038 | What was the Incas main accomplishment? | Extensive road system | 125 | |
| 279405039 | What was the Inca religion? | polytheistic | 126 | |
| 279405040 | How was the Inca social structure organized and what was the roleof women? | by family clans; homemaker | 127 | |
| 279405041 | Parallel Descent of the Incas: | Inheritance passed to both males and females | 128 | |
| 279405042 | What was the Incan economy based upon? | agricultural (maize, potato), government regulation of trade meant that long-distance trade suffered | 129 |
