Alphabetical Order
Terms : Hide Images
| 4548114769 | Abacus | An ancient Chinese counting device that used rods on which were mounted movable counters. | 0 | |
| 4548114770 | Abbasid Caliphate | -Capital at Baghdad -Welcomed converts to Islam -Preserved Greco-Roman learning -Achievements in science, mathematics -Urbanization | 1 | |
| 4548114771 | Absolute Monarchy | Rule by a king or queen whose power is not limited by a constriction | 2 | |
| 4548114772 | African Demographics | -High birth rates and lower mortality rates resulted in significant population increases in the twentieth century -This trend continued in spite of AIDS | 3 | |
| 4548114773 | African Trade After World War II | -Reliance on the sale of minerals and cash crops to finance their industries -Nigerian membership in OPEC -Native American art exports | 4 | |
| 4548114774 | Afrikaners | South Africans descended from the Dutch who settled in South Africa in the seventeenth century | 5 | |
| 4548114775 | Age Grade | -An age group into which children were placed in Bantu societies -Gave children privileges and responsibilities suitable for their ages | 6 | |
| 4548114776 | Agricultural Revolution | -The transition from foraging to farming -Occurred about 8000-2000 B.C.E. -Also termed the Neolithic Revolution | 7 | |
| 4548114777 | Agriculture in Central Mexico | -Around 4000 B.C.E., the peoples of central Mexico cultivated maize, or corn -Later added beans, squash, tomatoes, and peppers | 8 | |
| 4548114778 | Agriculture in Early Africa | By 7000 B.C.E. Sudanese Africa and West Africa cultivated root crops such as sorghum and yams | 9 | |
| 4548114779 | Agriculture in the Huang He Valley | -Cultivation of soybeans and millet c. 5500 B.C.E. -Domesticated chickens, pigs, and, later, water buffalo | 10 | |
| 4548114780 | Agriculture in Southeast Asia | -About 3500 B.C.E., inhabitants grew root crops such as yams and taro -A variety of citrus and other fruits | 11 | |
| 4548114781 | Agriculture in the Yangtze River Valley | Cultivated rice about 6500 B.C.E. | 12 | |
| 4548114782 | Aids to the Spanish Conquest of Mexico | -Allies from Indians conquered by the Aztecs -Quetzalcoatl legend -Spanish weaponry -Use of Malinche as an interpreter -Smallpox | 13 | |
| 4548114783 | Al-Andalus | -Islamic Spain -711-1492 -Caliphate of Cordoba -Preserved Greco-Roman culture, enhancing it with Muslim mathematics and science | 14 | |
| 4548114784 | Alexander the Great | -Unified Greek and Persian culture -Reached the Indian subcontinent (327 B.C.E.) as far as the Indus River, where he set up a border state called Bactria | 15 | |
| 4548114785 | Allah | -The god of the Muslims -Arabic word for "god" | 16 | |
| 4548114786 | Alliance for Progress | A program of economic aid for Latin America in exchange for a pledge to establish democratic institutions | 17 | |
| 4548114787 | Allied Powers in World War I | The nations of Great Britain, France, Russia, the United States, and others that fought against the Central Powers | 18 | |
| 4548114788 | Allied Powers in World War II | The group of nations, including Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States, that fought against the Axis Powers | 19 | |
| 4548114789 | Al-Qaeda | A terrorist group based in Afghanistan in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries | 20 | |
| 4548114790 | Analects | -A compilation of the sayings of Confucius -Used to educate the Chinese bureaucracy | 21 | |
| 4548114791 | Anasazi | -Pre-Columbians from present-day southwestern United States -Traded turquoise for obsidian from northern Mexico | 22 | |
| 4548114792 | Andean Agriculture | -Potatoes first cultivated c. 3000 B.C.E. -Maize and beans were added later -Domesticated llamas, alpacas, and guinea pigs | 23 | |
| 4548114793 | Animism | The belief that spirits inhabit the features of nature | 24 | |
| 4548114794 | Anschluss | The German annexation of Austria prior to World War II | 25 | |
| 4548114795 | AP Date Designations | -B.C.E. (Before the Common Era) -C.E. (Common Era) -Correspond to B.C. and A.D., respectively | 26 | |
| 4548114796 | AP World Periods | -Foundations (8000 B.C.E.-600 C.E.) -Two (600- 1450) -Three (1450-1750) -Four (1750-1914) -Five (1914-Present) | 27 | |
| 4548114797 | AP World Themes | -Human-environmental interaction -Cultural interaction -Political development -Economic systems -Change in social structures | 28 | |
| 4548114798 | Apartheid | The South African policy of separation of the races | 29 | |
| 4548114799 | Appeasement | Policy of Great Britain and France of making concessions to Hitler in the 1930s | 30 | |
| 4548114800 | Arabesque | -An ornate decorative design common to Arabic architecture -Also used to adorn manuscripts and pottery | 31 | |
| 4548114801 | Arctic Ocean | -Smallest ocean -Packed in ice most of the year -Difficult to navigate -Location of the Northwest Passage sought by early explorers | 32 | |
| 4548114802 | Aristocracy | Rule by a privileged hereditary class or nobility | 33 | |
| 4548114803 | Aristotle | -A model of Greek thought -Constructed arguments through the use of logic -Wrote on a variety of subjects in politics, art, and science | 34 | |
| 4548114804 | Artifact | An object made by human hands | 35 | |
| 4548114805 | Artisan | A craftsman | 36 | |
| 4548114806 | Aryans | -Indo-Europeans who invaded the Harappan civilization c. 1500 B.C.E. -Modified their own class system and imposed it upon India | 37 | |
| 4548114807 | Astrolabe | -A navigational instrument used to determine latitude by measuring the position of the stars | 38 | |
| 4548114808 | Aswan Dam Project | -Attempt by Egypt to create additional farmland -Its interference in the Nile's flood patterns deprived the land of fertile silt -Increased deposits of salt in the soil | 39 | |
| 4548114809 | Athens | -Developed a democracy -Achievements in science, philosophy, and the arts -Golden Age under Pericles (443-429 B.C.E.) | 40 | |
| 4548114810 | Atlantic Ocean | -Second largest ocean -Columbian Exchange -Caribbean plantations -Greco-Roman civilation | 41 | |
| 4548114811 | Austronesian | A branch of languages originating in Oceania | 42 | |
| 4548114812 | Axum | -Christian kingdoms -Defeated Kush c. 300 -Traded with the Roman Empire -Conquered by Islamic forces | 43 | |
| 4548114813 | Ayatollah | A traditional Muslim religious ruler | 44 | |
| 4548114814 | Ayllus | In Incan society, a clan or community that worked together on projects required by the ruler | 45 | |
| 4548114815 | Aztecs | -Settled in the valley of Mexico c. 1325 -Human sacrifices -Calendar -Construction and farming without the wheel or large beasts of burden | 46 | |
| 4548114816 | Bakufu | -A military government in Japan after the Gempei Wars -Real power concentrated in the military, especially the samurai | 47 | |
| 4548114817 | Bantu-Speaking Peoples | Name given to a group of sub-Saharan African peoples whose migrations altered the society of sub-Saharan Africa | 48 | |
| 4548114818 | Battle of Tours | -The 732 battle between Muslims and Christian Franks -Halted the advance of Muslim armies into Europe at a point in northern France | 49 | |
| 4548114819 | Beginnings of Decolonization | -In 1946, the United States granted the Philippines its independence -France was alone in waiting to keep its colonies in Algeria and Indochina | 50 | |
| 4548114820 | Benefice | A grant of land or other privilege to a vassal in medieval Europe | 51 | |
| 4548114821 | Berlin Airlift | In 1947, Western attempts to stabilize German currency led to a Soviet blockade of Berlin -Britain and the United States airlifted supplies to Berlin until the blockade was lifted | 52 | |
| 4548114822 | Berlin Conference | Meeting (1884-1885) of European imperialist powers to divide Africa among them | 53 | |
| 4548114823 | Berlin Wall | -A wall constructed in 1961 by the Soviets to divide East and West Berlin -Built to stem the tide of refugees from East Berlin to West Berlin -Torn down in 1989 | 54 | |
| 4548114824 | Bill of Rights | -The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution -Added a statement of individual liberties in keeping with Enlightenment principles | 55 | |
| 4548114825 | Black Death | European name for the outbreak of the bubonic plague that spread across Asia, Europe, and North Africa in the fourteenth century | 56 | |
| 4548114826 | Bodhisattvas | -Buddhist holy men who accumulated spiritual merits during their lifetime -Buddhists prayed to them in order to receive some of their holiness | 57 | |
| 4548114827 | Boer War | -Conflict (1899-1902) between the British and the Dutch over Dutch independence in South Africa -Resulted in British victory | 58 | |
| 4548114828 | Boers | South Africans of Dutch descent | 59 | |
| 4548114829 | Bosnian Conflict | -Conflict among Muslims, Serbs, and Croats in the early 1990s -Result of the breakup of Yugoslavia after the fall of European communism | 60 | |
| 4548114830 | Bourgeoisie | -In France, the class of merchants and artisans who were members of the Third Estate -In Marxist theory, a term referring to factory owners | 61 | |
| 4548114831 | Boxer Rebellion | Revolt (1898) against foreign residents of China | 62 | |
| 4548114832 | Boyars | Russian nobility | 63 | |
| 4548114833 | Brahmin | A member of the social class of priests in Aryan society | 64 | |
| 4548114834 | Breakup of Pakistan | -Unequal distribution of wealth between the two Pakistans ended in civil war in the early 1970s -East Pakistan became the independent nation of Bangladesh | 65 | |
| 4548114835 | Brinkmanship | The Cold War policy of the Soviet Union and the United States of threatening to go to war at any sign of aggression on the part of either power | 66 | |
| 4548114836 | British Commonwealth | -Political community of the United Kingdom, its dependencies, and former British colonies that are now sovereign nations -Now called the Commonwealth of Nations | 67 | |
| 4548114837 | Bronze Age | -Term for the later Neolithic period -Characterized by the use of bronze (an alloy of copper and tin) | 68 | |
| 4548114838 | Buddhism | -A belief system that originated in India -Founded by Gautama (Buddha) -Opposed the caste system -Carried from India by merchants | 69 | |
| 4548114839 | Bushi | -Regional military leaders in feudal Japan -Ruled small kingdoms from fortresses | 70 | |
| 4548114840 | Bushido | The code of honor of the samurai of Japan | 71 | |
| 4548114841 | Byzantine Empire | -Eastern part of the Roman Empire -Thrived as a center of trade routes -Center of art and architecture -Fell in 1453 to the Ottoman Turks | 72 | |
| 4548114842 | Caliph | The chief Muslim political and religious leader. | 73 | |
| 4548114843 | Calpulli | Aztec clans that supplied labor and warriors to leaders | 74 | |
| 4548114844 | Capital | The money and equipment needed to engage in industrialization | 75 | |
| 4548114845 | Capitalism | An economic based on private ownership and opportunity for profit making | 76 | |
| 4548114846 | Caravel | A small, easily steerable ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in their explorations | 77 | |
| 4548114847 | Catholic (Counter) Reformation | -The religious reform movement that occurred in response to the Protestant Reformation -Reaffirmed Roman Catholic beliefs and promoted education | 78 | |
| 4548114848 | Cartel | A union of independent businesses organized to regulate production, prices, and the marketing of goods | 79 | |
| 4548114849 | Celadon | -Korean porcelain with a characteristic pale green color. -Modification of Chinese procelain | 80 | |
| 4548114850 | Central Asia | -Russia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan -Gobi Desert, Lake Baikal, Ural Mountains, steppe | 81 | |
| 4548114851 | Central Powers | In World War I, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire, and other nations that fought with them against the Allies | 82 | |
| 4548114852 | Changes in Industrial Society After 1850 | -Higher wages and shorter working hours -More leisure time activities -Popular interest in the theater and sports -Popular use of manufactured goods | 83 | |
| 4548114853 | Chechnya | -A Muslim-dominated province within the Commonwealth of Independent States -Site of frequent ethnic clashes and breakaway movements | 84 | |
| 4548114854 | Chimor | -Immediate predecessors of the Incas -A kingdom along the western coastal region of South America c. 900-1465 | 85 | |
| 4548114855 | China's One-Child Policy | -Only one child per family allowed -Forced abortions and sterilizations -Relaxed in some parts of China by 2007 to allow some urban to have two children | 86 | |
| 4548114856 | Chinampas | -Platforms of twisted vines and mud -Served the Aztecs as floating gardens, extending their agricultural land | 87 | |
| 4548114857 | Chivalry | A knight's code of honor in medieval Europe | 88 | |
| 4548114858 | Christianity | -Jesus was the Messiah promised to the Jews -Salvation through faith in Jesus as God and Savior -A missionary religion | 89 | |
| 4548114859 | Civil Rights Movement | -U.S. movement of the 1950s and 1960s -Ended segregation of African Americans and increased voting rights | 90 | |
| 4548114860 | Civilization | -Advanced cities -Complex institutions -Skilled workers -Advanced technology -A system of record keeping | 91 | |
| 4548114861 | Classical Civilizations | Civilizations that had enduring influence over vast numbers of people | 92 | |
| 4548114862 | Classical Greek Culture | -Gods with human characteristics -Olympic games -Tragedy and comedy -Philosophy emphasizing human reason | 93 | |
| 4548114863 | Climate | -The pattern of temperature and precipitation over a period of time -Largely determined by latitude | 94 | |
| 4548114864 | Coalition | A government based on temporary alliances of several political parties | 95 | |
| 4548114865 | Code Napoleon | Collection of laws that standardized French law under the rule of Napoleon Bonaparte | 96 | |
| 4548114866 | Code of Hammurabi | -Written laws that regulated daily life -King Hammurabi of Babylonia -"Eye for an eye" punishment -Social class and gender distinctions | 97 | |
| 4548114867 | Cold War | the tense diplomatic relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II | 98 | |
| 4548114868 | Collectivization | -The combination of several small farms into a large government-controlled farm -Example: Soviet collectivization under Joseph Stalin | 99 | |
| 4548114869 | Columbian Exchange | The exchange of food crops, livestock, and disease between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres after the voyages of Columbus | 100 | |
| 4548114870 | Commercial Revolution | The expansion of trade and commerce in Europe in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries | 101 | |
| 4548114871 | Commonwealth of Independent States | The political organization that replaced the Soviet Union after its dissolution in 1991 | 102 | |
| 4548114872 | Communism | An economic system in which the state controls the means of production | 103 | |
| 4548114873 | Condition of Early Industrial Cities | -Crowded -Unsanitary -Poorly lit -No police protection | 104 | |
| 4548114874 | Conflict in Kosovo | -Fighting (1998-1999) between Serbs and ethnic Albanians -Ethnic conflict (2004) in the newly founded republics of Serbia and Montenegro | 105 | |
| 4548114875 | Conflict in the Sudan | Inhabitants of the southern region, most of them Christians of practitioners of native religions, migrated when northern Sunnis imposed Islamic law | 106 | |
| 4548114876 | Confucianism | -A belief system that created order after the fall of the Zhou -Stressed education, good government, and filial piety -Defined Chinese culture | 107 | |
| 4548114877 | Congress of Vienna | -A conference (1815) of European leaders that met after the fall of Napoleon -Restored legitimate monarchs to the thrones of Europe and created a balance of power | 108 | |
| 4548114878 | Conscription | A military draft | 109 | |
| 4548114879 | Conservatism | In nineteenth-century Europe, a movement that supported monarchies, aristocracies, and state-established churches | 110 | |
| 4548114880 | Containment | U.S. Cold War policy whose purpose was to prevent the spread of communism | 111 | |
| 4548114881 | Cossacks | Russians who conquered and settled Siberia in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries | 112 | |
| 4548114882 | Covenant | -Agreement -In the Judeo-Christian heritage, an agreement between God and humankind | 113 | |
| 4548114883 | Creation of Pakistan | -Created when India received its independence -Divided into eastern and western regions separated by more than 1,000 miles of Indian territory | 114 | |
| 4548114884 | Creation of Palestine | -In 1948, the United Nations partitioned Palestine into Jewish and Arab countries -The independent state of Israel was proclaimed | 115 | |
| 4548114885 | Criollos (Creoles) | -A term used in colonial Spanish America -Describes a person born in the Americas of European parents | 116 | |
| 4548114886 | Cuba and World Trade | -The United States was Cuba's leading trade partner before 1959 -Cuban prosperity was uncertain because of fluctuation in world demands for sugar | 117 | |
| 4548114887 | Cuban Missile Crisis | -Confrontation (1962) between the United States and the Soviet Union over the presence of Soviet missiles in Cuba -A classic example of brinkmanship | 118 | |
| 4548114888 | Cuban Trade Under Communism | -After the Cuban Revolution, Cuba's economy tied into the Soviet economy | 119 | |
| 4548114889 | Cubism | -A school of art in which person and objects are represented by geometric forms -Example: the works of Pablo Picasso | 120 | |
| 4548114890 | Cultural Diffusion | -The transmission of ideas and products from one culture to another -Example: the spread of agriculture in Eurasia | 121 | |
| 4548114891 | Cultural Revolution | A Chinese movement from 1966 to 1976 intended to establish an egalitarian society of peasants and workers | 122 | |
| 4548114892 | Cuneiform | -A system of writing originating in Mesopotamia -A wedge-shaped stylus was used to press symbols into clay | 123 | |
| 4548114893 | Daimyo | A Japanese feudal lord in charge of an army of samurai | 124 | |
| 4548114894 | Daoism | -A belief system of China in the fifth century B.C.E. -Adapted the concepts of yin and yang -Understanding comes from following a life force, The Way | 125 | |
| 4548114895 | Dar al-Islam | -the House of Islam -Term representing the political and religious unity of the various Islamic groups | 126 | |
| 4548114896 | Darfur Conflict | -By 2004, the Sudanese conflict focused on the region of Darfur -Involved conflict between Arab and non-Arab Muslims | 127 | |
| 4548114897 | Declaration of Independence | -The document (1776) that declared the independence of the United States of America from Britain -Modeled after the political philosophy of John Locke | 128 | |
| 4548114898 | Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen | A statement of political rights adopted by the French National Assembly during the French Revolution | 129 | |
| 4548114899 | Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female | A statement of the rights of women written by Olympe de Gouges in response to the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen | 130 | |
| 4548114900 | Decline of Han China | -Poor harvests -Epidemic disease -Moral decline -Weak emperors -Unequal land distribution -Decline in trade -Barbarian invasions | 131 | |
| 4548114901 | Decline of Rome | -Ineffective emperors -Decline of trade -Epidemic disease -Poor harvests -Unequal land distribution -Moral decay -Barbarian invasions | 132 | |
| 4548114902 | Decline of the Gupta Empire | -Invasions of nomads -Gupta rule already in decline -Local princes became more powerful -Traditional Indian culture continued -Buddhism weakened | 133 | |
| 4548114903 | Deism | -The concept of God common to the scientific revolution -Believed that the deity set the world in motion and then allowed it to operate by natural laws | 134 | |
| 4548114904 | Delhi Sultanate | -Muslim rule of northern India -1206-1526 -Appealed to some Buddhists, members of lower Hindu castes, and untouchables | 135 | |
| 4548114905 | Democracy | A political system in which the people rule | 136 | |
| 4548114906 | Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) | The blueprint of heredity | 137 | |
| 4548114907 | Devshirme | the practice of the Ottoman Empire to take Christian boys from their home communities to serve as Janissaries | 138 | |
| 4548114908 | Dharma | The position in the Hindu caste system that we determined by one's birth | 139 | |
| 4548114909 | Diaspora | The exile of an ethnic or racial group from its homeland | 140 | |
| 4548114910 | Disciple | -A follower -Example: a disciple of Jesus | 141 | |
| 4548114911 | Divine Right | -The belief of absolute rulers that their right to govern was granted by God -A common concept in Europe before the Enlightenment | 142 | |
| 4548114912 | Domestic System | A manufacturing system in which the stages of the manufacturing process are carried out in private homes rather than in a factory setting | 143 | |
| 4548114913 | Dravidians | The native people of India whom the Aryans encountered at the time of their invasion | 144 | |
| 4548114914 | Duma | the Russian parliament | 145 | |
| 4548114915 | Dutch Learning | Western learning embraced by some Japanese in the eighteenth century | 146 | |
| 4548114916 | Early Agricultural Societies | -Jericho (established c. 8000 B.C.E. in present-day Israel) -Catal Huyuk (established c. 7000 B.C.E. in present-day Turkey) | 147 | |
| 4548114917 | East Asia | -China, Japan, North Korea, South Korea -Gobi Desert, Tibetan Plateau | 148 | |
| 4548114918 | East Asia Demographics | -High population growth -By the 1980s, South Korea had the highest population density in the world -Japan promoted birth control and abortion | 149 | |
| 4548114919 | Eastern Europe | -Poland, Slovakia, Lithuania, Croatia -Caucasus Mountains, Carpathian Mountains | 150 | |
| 4548114920 | Economic Imperialism | -Control of a country's economy by the businesses of another nation -Example: United Fruit Company in Latin America | 151 | |
| 4548114921 | Edict of Milan | Document that made Christianity one of the religions allowed in the Roman Empire | 152 | |
| 4548114922 | Effects of Decolonization | -New states tended to maintain colonial boundaries that often cut through ethnic and cultural groups -Sometimes ethnic conflicts turned violent | 153 | |
| 4548114923 | Effects of Mongol Rule in Russia | -Rise of serfdom -New wealth and land for Moscow -Russian isolation form Western European cultural trends, fostering suspicion from the West | 154 | |
| 4548114924 | Effects of the Slave Trade on Africa | -Disruption of family life as more males than females were sent to American plantations -Increased African dependency on the importation of European technology | 155 | |
| 4548114925 | Effects of World War I on Europe | -Death of ten million Europeans -Elimination of nearly a generation of young European men -Resulting decline in marriages lowered the birth rate | 156 | |
| 4548114926 | Effects of World War II | -Death of 35 million people -Postwar boundary changes forced hundreds of thousands of displaced persons to relocate | 157 | |
| 4548114927 | Empirical Research | Research based on the collection of data | 158 | |
| 4548114928 | Enclosure Movement | The fencing of pasture land in England prior to the Industrial Revolution | 159 | |
| 4548114929 | Encomienda | -A practice in the Spanish colonies of North America -Granted land and the labor of American Indians on that land to European colonists | 160 | |
| 4548114930 | End of the Trans-American Slave Trade | -The British ended their participation in 1807 and then worked to get cooperation from other nations -Cuba and Brazil continued the trade -Trade ended in 1867 | 161 | |
| 4548114931 | Enlightenment | -In eighteenth-century Europe, a philosophical movement based on reason -Stressed education to improve humankind and society | 162 | |
| 4548114932 | Entrepreneurship | the ability to combine the factors of land, labor, and capital to create factory production | 163 | |
| 4548114933 | Epic of Gilgamesh | -Originated in Sumer -First epic in world history -Includes a story of a great flood | 164 | |
| 4548114934 | Estates | The divisions of society in prerevolutionary France | 165 | |
| 4548114935 | Estates-General | -The traditional legislative body of France -Represented the three estates of French society: nobility, clergy, and the general population | 166 | |
| 4548114936 | Euro | The standard currency introduced and adopted by the majority of members of the European Union in January 2002 | 167 | |
| 4548114937 | European Economic Community | -Common Market -Organized in 1958 to reduce tariffs among member nations -Created a common tariff policy for other world nations | 168 | |
| 4548114938 | European Union | -Designed to reduce trade barriers and promote economic unity in Europe -Formed in 1993 to replace the European Economic Community | 169 | |
| 4548114939 | Evangelical | -Pertaining to preaching the Gospel -Pertaining to theologically conservative Christians | 170 | |
| 4548114940 | Excommunication | The practice of Christian churches of prohibiting participation in the sacraments to those who do not comply with church teachings or practices | 171 | |
| 4548114941 | Exploration of Mars | U.S. orbiter landings on Mars have provided opportunities for the investigation of potential landing sites on the Red Planet | 172 | |
| 4548114942 | Extraterritoriality | The right of foreigners to live under the laws of their home country rather than those of the host country | 173 | |
| 4548114943 | Factor | An agent with trade privileges in early Russia | 174 | |
| 4548114944 | Factors of Production | -Land -Labor -Capital -Entrepreneurship | 175 | |
| 4548114945 | Fascism | A political movement characterized by extreme nationalism, one-party rule, and denial of individual rights | 176 | |
| 4548114946 | Feminism | The movement to achieve women's rights | 177 | |
| 4548114947 | Feudalism | -A political, economic, and social system -Intended to provide protection for both lord and vassal | 178 | |
| 4548114948 | Fief | In medieval Europe, a grant of land given in exchange for military or other services | 179 | |
| 4548114949 | Filial Piety | -In China, respect for one's parents and elders -A principle of confucianism | 180 | |
| 4548114950 | Five Pillars | -Five practices required of Muslims -Faith, prayer, almsgiving, fasting, and pilgrimage | 181 | |
| 4548114951 | Five-Year Plans | -Plans for industrial production introduced to the Soviet Union by Joseph Stalin in 1928 -Made the Soviet Union a major industrial power | 182 | |
| 4548114952 | Flying Money | -Letters of credit introduced by the Tang dynasty -Facilitated long-distance trade | 183 | |
| 4548114953 | Foot Binding | -In China, a method of breaking and binding women's feet -Seen as a sign of social position -Confined women to the household | 184 | |
| 4548114954 | Foraging | Hunting and gathering | 185 | |
| 4548114955 | Foundations: Change in Central Asia | -Relationships with settled societies -Trade facilitators -Invasion of classical empires | 186 | |
| 4548114956 | Foundations: Change in East Asia | -Technological advances -Development of philosophy | 187 | |
| 4548114957 | Foundations: Change in Eastern Europe | Urbanization and trade in Byzantium | 188 | |
| 4548114958 | Foundations: Change in North Africa | -Long-distance trade -Decline of Egyptian civilization -Christianity | 189 | |
| 4548114959 | Foundations: Change in Oceania | Development of kingdoms | 190 | |
| 4548114960 | Foundations: Change in South Asia | -Decline of the Harappan civilization -Aryan society -Hinduism and Buddhism -Caste system -Dynasties | 191 | |
| 4548114961 | Foundations: Change in Southeast Asia | -Adaptations of Chinese culture -Hinduism and Buddhism -Urbanization | 192 | |
| 4548114962 | Foundations: Change in Southwest Asia (Middle East) | -Technological advances -City-states to empires -Development of major religions | 193 | |
| 4548114963 | Foundations: Change in the Americas | -Some trade with Mesoamerica -Technological advances | 194 | |
| 4548114964 | Foundations: Key Comparisons | -Agriculture in the Eastern and Western Hemispheres -Spread of Buddhism, Hinduism, and Christianity -Decline and fall of Han China, Rome, and Gupta India | 195 | |
| 4548114965 | Foundations: Change in Sub-Saharan Africa | -Indian Ocean trade -Sub-Saharan trade | 196 | |
| 4548114966 | Foundations: Change in Western Europe | Fall of the Roman Empire | 197 | |
| 4548114967 | Gempei Wars | -A late twelfth-century series of conflicts in Japan -Placed peasants against the samurai -Led to rise of the Minamoto family | 198 | |
| 4548114968 | Geneva Conference | A 1954 conference that divided Vietnam at the seventeenth parallel | 199 | |
| 4548114969 | Genocide | The systematic killing of an entire ethnic group | 200 | |
| 4548114970 | Geocentric Theory | The belief held by many before the scientific revolution that the Earth is the center of the universe | 201 | |
| 4548114971 | Glasnost | The 1985 policy of Mikhail Gorbachev that allowed open expression of ideas in the Soviet Union | 202 | |
| 4548114972 | Global Culture | -Dominated by Western trends -Disapproval in East Asian and Islamic cultures -English is the language of commerce and the Internet | 203 | |
| 4548114973 | Global Environmental Issues | -Damage to marine life from oil spills -Danger of meltdowns from nuclear plants -Devastation of warfare | 204 | |
| 4548114974 | Global Values | -Emphasis on monetary wealth, education, and professional position over land ownership or inherited position -Continuation of traditions | 205 | |
| 4548114975 | Glorious Revolution | -The bloodless overthrow of English King James I -The resulting placement of William and Mary on the English throne | 206 | |
| 4548114976 | Gothic Architecture | -Architecture of twelfth-century Europe -Featured stained-glass windows, flying buttresses, tall spires, and pointed arches | 207 | |
| 4548114977 | Government of India Act | An act passed by the British Parliament in 1935 to increase suffrage and turn provincial governments to Indian leaders | 208 | |
| 4548114978 | Gran Colombia | The temporary union of the northern portion of South America after the independence movements led by Simon Bolivar | 209 | |
| 4548114979 | Great Depression | -The period of prolonged economics distress between the world wars -Diminished global trade produced massive worldwide unemployment | 210 | |
| 4548114980 | Great Leap Forward | The disastrous economic policy of Mao Zedong that proposed the use of small-scale industrial projects on individual peasant communes | 211 | |
| 4548114981 | Great Trek | -The migration (1834) of the Boers into the interior of South Africa -The result of conflict between the Boers and British over the end of slavery | 212 | |
| 4548114982 | Greek Colonies | -Outlets for growing population -Trade in Greek grapes and olive oil for fish, grain, and honey -Spread of Greek culture throughout the Mediterranean world | 213 | |
| 4548114983 | Green Revolution | -Improved irrigation methods and the use of high-yield seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides to improve agricultural production -Especially successful in Asia | 214 | |
| 4548114984 | Griots | Storytellers of sub-Saharan Africa who carried on oral traditions and histories | 215 | |
| 4548114985 | Guano | -Bird droppings used as fertilizer -A major trade item of Peru in the late nineteenth century | 216 | |
| 4548114986 | Guest Workers | -Workers from North Africa and Asia who migrated to Europe during the late twentieth century to seek employment -Some settled in Europe permanently | 217 | |
| 4548114987 | Guomindang | -China's Nationalist political party founded by Sun Yat-sen and based on democratic principles -Taken over by Jiang Jieshi, who made it more authoritarian | 218 | |
| 4548114988 | Gupta Empire | -320-550 C.E. -Development of the decimal system -Smallpox inoculation -Sterilization during surgery -Deterioration in the status of women | 219 | |
| 4548114989 | Hadith | A collection of the sayings and deeds of Muhammad | 220 | |
| 4548114990 | Hagia Sophia | -The magnificent Christian church built by Justinian in Constantinople -Converted into a mosque by the Ottomans in the fifteenth century | 221 | |
| 4548114991 | Hajj | -The pilgrimage to the Ka'aba in Mecca -Required once of every Muslim who is not limited by health or financial restrictions | 222 | |
| 4548114992 | Han Dynasty | -200 B.C.E.-220 C.E. -Beginnings of the Chinese civil service exam -Silk Road trade -Paper manufacture -A time of peace -Strong patriarchy | 223 | |
| 4548114993 | Harappan Civilization | -c. 2500 B.C.E. -Along the Indus River in present-day Pakistan -Urban areas -Running water and sewage systems -Violent flooding | 224 | |
| 4548114994 | Harem | A household of wives and concubines in the Middle East, Africa, or Asia | 225 | |
| 4548114995 | Heliocentric Theory | The concept that the sun is the center of the universe | 226 | |
| 4548114996 | Hellenistic Age | -c. 323-30 B.C.E. -The era in which Greek culture blended with Persian and other Eastern influences spread throughout the former empire of Alexander the Great | 227 | |
| 4548114997 | Helsinki Accords | -A 1975 political and human rights agreement signed in Helsinki, Finland, by Western European countries and the Soviet Union | 228 | |
| 4548114998 | Hieroglyphics | A system of picture writing used in Egypt | 229 | |
| 4548114999 | High Middle Ages | -Eleventh to fifteenth centuries -Gothic architecture -Universities -Centralized monarchies -Urbanization -Growth of banking | 230 | |
| 4548115000 | Hijrah | -The flight of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina -The first year in the Muslim calendar | 231 | |
| 4548115001 | Hinduism | -A belief system that originated in India from Aryan traditions -No single founder -Reinforced the caste system -Became the principal religion of India | 232 | |
| 4548115002 | Holocaust | The Nazi program during World War II that killed six million Jews and other groups of people considered "undesirable" | 233 | |
| 4548115003 | Holy Roman Empire | -The tenth-century term for Germany and northern Italy -Provided some unity for Western Europe -Delayed the unification of Italy and Germany | 234 | |
| 4548115004 | Hsiung-nu (Xiongnu) | -Nomadic tribes along the northwest border of China during the Han dynasty -Their invasion in 220 C.E. led to the collapse of the Han dynasty | 235 | |
| 4548115005 | Huang He Valley | -c. 2000 B.C.E. -Yellow River valley -Present-day China -Most isolated river valley civilization -Some trade with South and Southwest Asia | 236 | |
| 4548115006 | Hubble Space Telescope | -Developed in 1990 by the United States and European nations -Capable of observing objects in remote areas of the universe | 237 | |
| 4548115007 | Huns | -Nomads of Central Asia -Their movement in the fifth century pushed Germanic tribes into the Roman Empire | 238 |
