Chapters 1-3
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| 80569200 | Australopithecus | The oldest known ancestor of humans that lived around 4 million to 1 million years ago, it walked on its hind legs which freed up its hands for the use of simple tools | 0 | |
| 80569201 | Homo erectus | "Upright-walking human"; existed from 2 million to 200,000 years ago; learned how to control fire and use cleavers and hand axes | 1 | |
| 80569202 | Homo sapiens | "Consciously-thinking human"; first appeared around 250,000 years ago; used sophisticated tools | 2 | |
| 80569203 | Paleolithic Society | "Old Stone Age"- Hunting and gathering societies whose migrations were controlled by availability of food. Hunter and gatherer society show social equality, but could only support 30-50 members, and survival was on the edge. | 3 | |
| 80569204 | Agricultural transition | A period when people started to take in and domesticate plants and animals. It started as early as 9000 BCE. Agriculture led to the development of advanced complex societies. | 4 | |
| 80569205 | Mesopotamia | The land between the Tigris and Euphrates also known as the Fertile Crescent. | 5 | |
| 80569206 | Sargon of Akkad | A conqueror from Akkad, north of Sumer, who took over all of Mesopotamia and created the world's first empire by destroying all the Sumerian city-states | 6 | |
| 80569207 | Nebuchadnezzar | A Babylonian/Chaldean king who conquered Jerusalem, and built the Hanging Gardens of Babylon | 7 | |
| 80569208 | Assyrians | They are the next group to take over the Fertile Crescent after the Sargon. Their king was king Ashurbanipal. They were defeated by the Medes and the Chaldeans. They reached their height during the 7th and 8th centuries. | 8 | |
| 80569209 | Patriarchal Society | A social class society that recognizes differences of wealth by land ownership; a male-dominated society | 9 | |
| 80569210 | Epic Of Gilgamesh | An epic poem from Ancient Mesopotamia and is among the earliest known works of literary fiction. | 10 | |
| 80569211 | Phoenicians | A group that had many colonies between the Mediterranean Sea and the Lebanon Mts. They influenced trade networks greatly and formed the basis of the Greek alphabet. | 11 | |
| 80569212 | Indo-Europeans | Tribal groups from southern Russia who embarked on a series of migrations from India through western Europe; known for their broad distribution of languages. | 12 | |
| 80569213 | Hittites | Some of the most influential Indo-European migrants who were among the first to master ironworking, meaning they could make the strongest weapons of the time. They also used the chariot, a wheeled, horse-drawn cart used in battle which allowed soldiers to move quickly around a battlefield and fire arrows at their enemy. | 13 | |
| 80569214 | Ethical Monotheism | Religion believing in one god, emphasizing ethics. | 14 | |
| 80569215 | Babylonians | A Semitic group who developed Babylon Kingdom, conquered Sumer and Akkad, expanded to control water, and Hammurabi was their greatest king. | 15 | |
| 80569216 | Menes | King of upper egypt united the two kingdoms of upper and lower egypt | 16 | |
| 80569217 | Herodotus | A Greek historian that traveled to Egypt about 450 BCE to research mummification; known as the "Father of History" | 17 | |
| 80569218 | Memphis | The capital of Old Kingdom Egypt, near the head of the Nile Delta. Early rulers were interred in the nearby pyramids; Menes founded the city. | 18 | |
| 80569219 | Old Kingdom | 2700 BC - 2200 BC. Upper and Lower Egypt kept separate kingdoms, but later built unified government. Developed basic features of its civilization. BUILT THE PYRAMIDS: an eternal resting place for their pharaohs. | 19 | |
| 80569220 | Middle Kingdom | 2050 BC. - 1800 BC.: A new dynasty reunited Egypt. Moved the capital to Thebes. Built irrigation projects and canal between NIle and Red Sea so Egytian ships could trade along coasts of Arabian Penninsula and East Africa. Expanded Egyptian territory: Nubia, Syria. | 20 | |
| 80569221 | New Kingdom | The period during which Egypt reached the height of its power and glory. | 21 | |
| 80569222 | Nubia | East African trading empire that developed south of Egypt on the Nile River | 22 | |
| 80569223 | Hyksos | Horse-riding nomads from Southwest Asia with significant military advantages over the Egyptians with bronze weapons. | 23 | |
| 80569224 | Tuthmosis III | Stepson of Hatshepsut, he lead the military expeditions during her reign. When he became Pharaoh, he enlisted thousands of men to help him capture more land than any other Pharaoh before him. At the time, he ruled the largest empire ever ruled by one king. | 24 | |
| 80569225 | Hatshepsut | Queen of egypt (1473-1458 BCE). after husband's death (Thutmose II), she bestowed the title of pharaoh on herself and adopted all pharaonic customs, including wearing the false beard. | 25 | |
| 80569226 | Akenaten | Changes capital from Thebes. Made religion different because he made it so the people only believed one god the Sun God. | 26 | |
| 80569227 | Mummification | A process of embalming and drying corpses to prevent them from decaying; practiced by the Egyptians who preserved the bodies in tombs so they could get the best of their afterlife | 27 | |
| 80569228 | Bantu | African people who originally lived in the area of present-day Nigeria; 2000 BCE then began their migration (which was centuries long) to the sub-Saharan region; were very influential people | 28 |
