Terms : Hide Images
| 2359009543 | Astrolabe | An advanced positioning technology that used astronomy and the location of stars to determine latitude. It helped to create long distance trade networks and foster the age of exploration. | 0 | |
| 2359009544 | Caravels | A Portuguese invented advanced nautical technology which enabled sailors to sail against the winds. This helped to create long distance trade networks and allowed for longer, easier explorations. | 1 | |
| 2359009545 | Potatoes | Potatoes, once they reached Europe from the Americas, became a staple crop in the Irish diet. So many depended on them that when the irish potato famine occurred it created a mass migration from the region. | 2 | |
| 2359009546 | Sugar | Sugar was a cash crop grown mostly in places such as Brazil and the West Indies which used forced labor, especially slavery, to maintain the industry. Conditions were awful and the work was hard, however the business was very profitable for Europeans. | 3 | |
| 2359010206 | Horses | Horses, introduced to the Americas by Europeans changed the lifestyle of the Indians. They enabled them to have greater hunting, traveling, and military capabilities as they became a common domesticated breed of animal in the Americas. | 4 | |
| 2359010207 | Okra | Okra, which was introduced to the southern United States by African Slaves. They became the staple supplements to the existing diet as the bases for mainly soups and stews. | 5 | |
| 2359010208 | Sikhism in South Africa | Religious conflict in the South African region caused a split between muslims into Sunni, who believed that Muhammed's successor should be voted upon and Shia muslims whom thought that the next caliph should be chosen based on the bloodline relation. | 6 | |
| 2359010209 | Renaissance Art in Europe | With Europe's recovery from the plague, a surplus in economic capability allowed for a blossoming of art forms in the region including painting, sculpting, various form of drama, literature, and architecture. | 7 | |
| 2359010210 | Shakespeare | A famous English playwright who wrote plays still widely preformed today. As a large proportion of people became educated authors were enabled to become more well known. | 8 | |
| 2359010717 | Cotton Textile Production in India | With the Industrialization of many nations, peasant labor moved from largely agricultural jobs to urban, factory work. In India, textiles, usually handmade with looms were replaced by cheaper to manufacture textiles made in factories. The demand for laborers especially in factories increased. | 9 | |
| 2359010718 | Encomienda System | A system used by the Spanish government that was used to exploit the natives in the Americas for a certain number of hours of free labor. The natives eventually grew to resent the Spanish due in part to this system. | 10 | |
| 2359010719 | European Gentry | The upper classes in Europe, Britain and France. They were wealthy, land owning nobles who had a lot of both financial and political power in society. | 11 | |
| 2359010720 | The Diamyo in Japan | During the 18th and 19th centuries, under the feudal Shogun Japanese class system, they were upper class, under reality, but still wealthy landowning lords that possessed economic and military power. | 12 | |
| 2359010721 | Smaller Size of European Families | As the roles of men and women in society evolved once again, with men becoming even less present in raising children and more so in work exclusively, smaller family sizes were easier to take care of for women. | 13 | |
| 2359011367 | Mestizo | One of the several ethnic classes in the Spanish Latin American colonies which referred to people of mixed descent between Native Americans and Spanish. | 14 | |
| 2359011368 | Monumental Architecture | Specialization and a surplus of economic capability enabled empires to build monumental structures demonstrating the power and prestige of their country which were designed in public places to impress. | 15 | |
| 2359011369 | Aztec Human Sacrifice | The Aztecs, natives in the Americas, often preformed sacrifices to please their gods, including human sacrifices, usually offering the bodies of some enemy prisoners to the highest god, the sun god. | 16 | |
| 2359011370 | Manchu Policies toward Chinese | The Manhcus in China, despite adopting several principals of Chinese culture including the use of the Mandate of Heaven maintained a separate cultural identity and prevent intermarriages between the two. | 17 | |
| 2359012007 | Ottoman Devshirme | The Ottoman muslim practice of taking young Christian boys from villages to convert them and force them into joining the military or bureaucracy by making them the property of the Sultan. | 18 | |
| 2359012008 | Piracy in the Caribbean | Piracy was common in the Caribbean especially close to Haiti where many valuable cash crops were grown and shipped to the Americas through Spanish Galleons. This discourages colonization in the Americas. | 19 | |
| 2359012009 | The Thirty Years War | A series of lasting conflicts in Europe fought between the Roman Catholic Church and the Protestant Church which lasted thirty years and greatly decreased the population of the German and Italian populations. | 20 | |
| 2364505989 | Pesant Uprisings | Imperialism and government styles both contributed to frequent lower class uprisings around the world including in the Americas, China, India and more. The rebellions eventually lead to more direst, stronger rule from mother countries over territories. | 21 | |
| 2364705878 | Rubber | The rubber industry, mainly harvested in the Congo, under the Belgium imperial rule enslaved thousands of natives and forced them to meet quotas or suffer awful consequences enforced by local chiefs. | 22 | |
| 2364711073 | Textile Production in India | Through the capture of many costal ports and indirect rule of the British East India Trading company, industrialization allowed for the replacement of looms with manufactured textiles crating defined roles for man and women and finical support in Britain. | 23 | |
| 2359012010 | British and French Opening of Chinese Markets | The Opium Wars forced China to become more open financially the Western world as they began to industrialize now seeing goods that held worth to them from Europe and through the unequal treaties. | 24 | |
| 2359012636 | Copper Mines in Mexico | The Spanish government's rule and exploitation of locals in the copper industry under harsh working conditions lead to conflict and eventually, the Mexican Revolution for Independence from its imperialistic mother country. | 25 | |
| 2359012637 | Limited Liability Corporations | Business in which the wealth of the company and it founder is separate so that in the case of a legal conflict they are protected. This transition into more complex systems of business operation showed growth in financial and economic areas of society. | 26 | |
| 2359012638 | The United Fruit Company | An American controlled company that sold fruits grown in Latin America that were typically sold back to the United States connecting Latin America further into the web of global trade. | 27 | |
| 2359013284 | Marxism | The ideas of Karl Marx which state that the economic standing of people is determined by their actions and that the class struggles between small upper and large lower classes are what make changes in government. The idea of social darwinism is also included. | 28 | |
| 2359072209 | China's Self Strengthening Movement | A reform of China's politics and military following the opium war of 1842 which attempted to modernize the nation to the extent of its Western neighbors and regain the global prominence it once held before its dependence on foreign countries. | 29 | |
| 2359084306 | Public Education | Public Education, mainly instated as a response to the abolishment of child labor was made mandatory for children in Britain and many states following. This helped to increase literacy rates and close the gap between the upper and middle classes by creating a new social mobility possible to citizens. | 30 | |
| 2359084957 | British in India | The British Empire extended throughout India governing through indirect rule via the British East India Trading company until the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the causing the Raj and transition to direct rule following the revolt. | 31 | |
| 2359086103 | British Empire | The British established an Empire that began in central Europe and through colonialism and imperialism spread to the American colonies, which eventually gained independence, India, parts of Africa, and somewhat in China after the unequal treaties that ended the Opium Wars. | 32 | |
| 2359088007 | Belgium in the Congo | The Belgium Government headed by King Leopold II forced the locals into the profitable rubber industry, exploiting them for hard labor and making them harvest the material sought for bicycle and automobile tires. Harsh punishments and threats prevented them from escaping the degradation of the occupying government. | 33 | |
| 2359091303 | The French in Algeria | The French control over the colony in northern Africa was driven by the growing imperialistic need to gain more territory and resources during the European scramble for Africa. Their direct control over the land resulted in increased wealth for France however the government never exploited the locals to the point that the Belgium did. | 34 | |
| 2359093420 | British and French Opium Wars | China, which had been previously closed off form the West to trade was reopened as a result of the British and French influence of the Opium Wars. In addition, the French continued their influence by colonizing Vietnam in 1855 while the British added Burma to their empire in 1886 creating a lasting cultural impact. | 35 | |
| 2359096160 | Later British Influence in Egypt | The British aided Egypt economically through investments in industrialization as they were ostensibly motivated to prevent the fall of the Ottoman Empire and by proxy, in reality stop Russia from gaining any more control over the region. | 36 | |
| 2359097448 | Hawaii | The United States, following the examples set for it by other Western powers expanded its influence in the Pacific and gained economic opportunity in the sugar industry by annexing it in 1898. The locals realizing their technological disadvantage did not resist much. | 37 | |
| 2359098825 | Filipino Nationalism | The Philippines which were Spanish colonies found a unified identity in the opposition of the ruling power. They sought first their freedom from the Spanish and later from the American imperialism. | 38 | |
| 2359100296 | Voltarie | One of France's greatest enlightenment writers, his ideas helped begin the French revolution. He questioned the authority and power of the Roman Catholic Church and religion in general leading people to do so as well. Voltaire opposed divine rights of rulers and believed in universal born rights of people upon which governments should not infringe. The lower classes especially found truth in his ideas. | 39 | |
| 2359101142 | John Locke | An Enlightenment thinker who's ideas inspired a chain of Atlantic revolutions including the American, French, Haitian and Latin. He believed in the ideas of popular sovereignty opposing divine right of rulers and held that governments should be constitutional institutions not above the law of its citizens. | 40 | |
| 2359102711 | Marathas Challenge Mughal Sultans | The Deccan Wars were fought between the Maratha and Mughal empire over control of India. The Mughals, having superior technology defeated the opposing forces established a lasting tolerant state. | 41 | |
| 2359104130 | Establishment of Maroon Societies | Maroon societies were runaway slave communities in the Americas that often lead violent revolts against and raided familiar plantations for supplies. The resistance made slave labor although cheap, less appealing to owners due to conflict. | 42 | |
| 2359105239 | Indian Revolt of 1857 | The rebellion of Indian sepoys against the indirectly ruling British East India company over the animal fat used to grease military cartridges. Religious controversy surrounding these lead to questioned motives of their rule and beliefs in the drive of conversion to christianity. As a result, the British began direct rule in India known as the Raj. | 43 | |
| 2359106445 | Taiping Rebellion | The reason behind many reforms, this uprising was a Christian rebellion lead by Hong Xiuquan against the Qing Dynasty. He believed he was Jesus's brother sent to spread his message to China. This lead to the Self Strengthening movement to revive Chinese culture. | 44 | |
| 2359107498 | Self Strengthening Movement | A period of reformation during the Qing Dynasty which followed and attempted to stop increasingly frequent rebellions through industrialization. The adoption of Western technologies increased the nations economic standing and helped it recover from a lag behind the rest of the Western world. | 45 | |
| 2359109803 | Vindication of Rights of Women | A work published by Mary Wollstonecraft which kindled the ideas of women's rights and equality. It encouraged many women to defy the original image of women as homemakers and join the workforce. | 46 | |
| 2359111730 | Manual Labors | Large migrations originating mostly in Asia as people looked for work drove many people to the Philippines where they found work as manual laborers replacing other, now outlawed sources of labor, slavery. This was important to the global economy and plantations. | 47 | |
| 2359115849 | Japanese in the Pacific | As slavery was outlawed, emigrants from Japan leaving after the Meiji Restoration migrated to other areas in the Pacific including Hawaii where the worked agriculturally replacing the traditional sources of labor. | 48 | |
| 2359118827 | Chinese in South Asia and America, Caribbean and North America | European empires demonstrated their power over China following the Nanjing treaty, ending the opium wars, by sending them to work all over the world in hash conditions. These movements lead to the diffusion and pocketing of Chinese cultural in several parts of the world which wasn't easily blended to Western culture. | 49 | |
| 2359120796 | Chinese Exclusion Acts | The Chinese exclusion Acts in the United States prevented any further immigration of Chinese into the nation as early racism began in America. Tension between existing citizens and immigrants in addition to skepticism of migration motivation lead to conflict. | 50 |
