Terms : Hide Images
| 4773403982 | Overfarming | The act of taking more away from the earth than giving back. Including erosion and depleting the soil of nutrients. | 0 | |
| 4773405479 | Overgrazing | The act of farm animals grazing too heavily on the earth where the soil becomes liable to erosion. | 1 | |
| 4773414480 | Artifacts | An object made by a human being holding historical significance. | 2 | |
| 4773415100 | Homo Sapiens | Homo is the human genus, including neanderthals and other extinct hominid species. Homo Sapiens is the only surviving hominid. | 3 | |
| 4773415683 | Paleolithic Period | The age of humanity ranging from 2.4 million years ago to about 15,000 years ago. | 4 | |
| 4773415684 | Neolithic Revolution | Also known as the agricultural revolution. The transition for early humans from hunting and gathering to agriculture and settlements. | 5 | |
| 4773416087 | Monotheism | The belief in a single deity | 6 | |
| 4773416088 | Bronze Age | The time period characterized by the use of bronze. Beginning in about 3700 BCE ending in about 500 BCE | 7 | |
| 4773416556 | Civilization | Human development technologically and socially. | 8 | |
| 4773417653 | Core/Foundational | The central most part of something in importance. | 9 | |
| 4773477042 | Jericho | A Canaanite city destroyed by Israelites after they crossed into Jordan into the promise land. | 10 | |
| 4773477515 | Catal Huyuk | One of the first true cities based in South-Central Turkey dated 6500-5500 BCE. | 11 | |
| 4773488204 | Textiles | Any cloth good produced by weaving, knitting, or felting. | 12 | |
| 4773488800 | Specialization of Labor | People begin to hold specific jobs to improve the quality of their product. | 13 | |
| 4773488801 | Copper | A red-brown metal | 14 | |
| 4773488802 | Bronze | A yellowish-brown alloy of copper with up to one third tin. | 15 | |
| 4773489930 | Hunter-Forager | The primitive form of human's form of gathering food. The hunter-foragers then transitioned into agriculture. | 16 | |
| 4773490384 | Agriculture | The root of civilization, the act of farming and raising livestock. This allowed people to remain in one area. It also granted humans a surplus of food as well as the opportunity to grow in population. | 17 | |
| 4773490385 | Surplus | Extra product left over after the portion needed is used. | 18 | |
| 4773490386 | Domestication | The taming of farm animals allowing people remain in one place and farm them. | 19 | |
| 4773491796 | Nomadic | Peoples who are constantly on the move, never settling down. | 20 | |
| 4773494682 | Pastoralism | The branch of agriculture that includes raising livestock. | 21 | |
| 4794607803 | Kinship Group | A group of people related by blood or marriage | 22 | |
| 4794607804 | Clan | A group of closely related families | 23 | |
| 4794607805 | Tribe | A social division based on economic, religious, or blood ties. They share culture and dialect and have a recognized leader | 24 | |
| 4794609692 | Patriarchal | A system of government ruled by men or a man | 25 | |
| 4794609693 | Artisans | Craftspeople. A worker in a skilled trade that includes making things by hand | 26 | |
| 4794610604 | Merchants | A person or company involved in wholesale trade. Often dealing with foreign countries. | 27 | |
| 4794610605 | Social Stratification | Separation in society. Hierarchy | 28 | |
| 4794612615 | Role of Priests/Priestesses | Religious minister | 29 | |
| 4794612616 | Tigris and Euphrates | The rivers running through Mesopotamia that allowed it to become one of the first civilizations. Hot-bed of early irrigation. | 30 | |
| 4794613789 | Mesopotamia | One of the worlds first vastly successful civilizations | 31 | |
| 4794613790 | Fertile Crescent | A band of fertile lands stretching from the Persian gulf to the Mediterranean. Goes through modern day Isreal, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Iraq, and northern Egypt | 32 | |
| 4794614771 | Carthage | A major force in the ancient Mediterranean. A major city in modern Tunisia founded by the Phoenicians. Destroyed by the Romans in the second Punic War circa 146 BCE | 33 | |
| 4794614772 | Sahara | The largest desert in the world. Positioned in Northern Africa | 34 | |
| 4794615637 | Kalahari | A large desert in Southern Africa | 35 | |
| 4794615638 | Nile River | A North African/Middle Eastern river with its delta in Egypt. The longest river in the world. Allowed for the Kingdom of Egypt to flourish. Hot-bed of early irrigation and civilization. | 36 | |
| 4794616312 | Desertification | The transfer of fertile land to desert from poor farming practices, drought, and deforestation. | 37 | |
| 4794616313 | Indus River Valley | A major river in northern India or Southern Asia. A hot-bed of early irrigation and civilization. | 38 | |
| 4794617931 | Environmental Degradation | Deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources such as water and fertile soil. Results in the destruction of ecosystems and extinction of animals. | 39 | |
| 4794617932 | Deforestation | The rapid removal of forestation that results negatively on the environment with desertification and erosion | 40 | |
| 4794618772 | Huang He | Also known as the Yellow River. A major river in East Asia. A hot-bed of early irrigation and civilization. | 41 | |
| 4794618773 | Chiang Jiang | Also known as the Yangtze River. A major river in East Asia. A hot-bed of early irrigation and civilization. | 42 | |
| 4794619494 | Loess | A loosely compacted yellowish grey sediment often found in East Asia. | 43 | |
| 4794619495 | Mesoamerica | A region in northern Latin America where the Spanish colonization was centered in the 15th and 16th century. Beforehand, cultures here flourished. | 44 | |
| 4794620323 | Maize | Corn | 45 | |
| 4794632535 | Oceania and Polynesia | Oceania is a group of South Pacific Islands including Polynesia, Australia, and New Zealand. Polynesia is a string of Pacific Islands including Hawaii, French Polynesia, Samoa, and Tahiti. | 46 | |
| 4794647620 | Jewish Diaspora | The exile of the Israelites from their homeland, leading to them creating communities across the world. | 47 | |
| 4794647621 | Theocrats | Religious leaders ruling over a nation | 48 | |
| 4794647622 | Aten | The sun in ancient Egyptian mythology. Originally an aspect of the sun god Ra. | 49 | |
| 4794649248 | Mummification | The process of preserving a corpse. Often done on Pharaohs | 50 | |
| 4794649249 | Aryans | A member or descendent of the ancient people who spoke Indo-European languages | 51 | |
| 4794650190 | Hindi | A form of Hindustani written in Devanagari. An official language of India, and the most widely spoken of northern India. | 52 | |
| 4794652857 | Vedas and Vedic Age | Vedas is the oldest scriptures of Hinduism. They were composed during the early Vedic age (1500-500 BCE). In the early Vedic period, Indo-Aryans settled into northern India, along with their religious traditions. | 53 | |
| 4794652858 | Brahmin | Hinduism | 54 | |
| 4794653743 | Brahma | The "Creator," the first member of the Trimurti, with Vishnu and Shiva | 55 | |
| 4794654558 | Dharma | An essential quality or character of the cosmos or one's own nature. | 56 | |
| 4794654559 | Karma | Bringing upon oneself inevitable results, good or bad, either in this life or in a reincarnation. | 57 | |
| 4794654560 | Moksha | Freedom from the mortal world of experience. | 58 | |
| 4794655825 | Ancestor Veneration | Worship of Ancestors. The belief that ancestors still have the power to interfere in the lives of the living. | 59 | |
| 4794658086 | Golden Age | A period referred to as a time when humanity was pure. | 60 | |
| 4795094934 | Sumer and the Sumerians | The southernmost region of Mesopotamia. Known as the cradle of civilization, Sumer means "the land of civilized kings". A Sumerian is a civilian of this ancient society. | 61 | |
| 4795095721 | Uruk | A Sumerian city near the Euphrates in Southern Iraq. Held tablets with early Sumerian script. | 62 | |
| 4795095722 | City-States | Small States based in a single city. | 63 | |
| 4795096320 | King and Kingdom | A government with a King or Queen as supreme ruler. A King is a male Monarch with life tenure to the position of ruler. Usually elected by succession in the royal family. | 64 | |
| 4795096321 | Babylonians | A citizen of the Empire of Babylonia | 65 | |
| 4795097456 | Empire | A group of nations or peoples ruled by an emperor. Usually holds more territory than a kingdom. | 66 | |
| 4795098170 | Phoenicians | A citizen of the ancient kingdom of Phoenicia, in the region of modern Syria, Lebanon, and Israel. | 67 | |
| 4795098171 | Old, Middle, and New | 68 | ||
| 4795098971 | Kingdoms | A state lead by a single Monarch | 69 | |
| 4795098972 | Hyksos | An ancient nomadic people who conquered Egypt from 1700-1580 BCE | 70 | |
| 4795099898 | Hittites | The ancient people who established a powerful empire in Asia Minor and Syria. Ruled from 1900-1200 BCE | 71 | |
| 4795099899 | Kush | The Northwestern region of India. | 72 | |
| 4795099900 | Axum | The capital of an ancient civilization in Ethiopia ruled by Arabian emigrants. | 73 | |
| 4795100747 | Dravidians | A family of languages distinct from Indo-European. Spoken largely in Southern India, Sri Lanka. | 74 | |
| 4795100748 | Harappa | A city of the Ancient Indus Valley Civilization | 75 | |
| 4795101465 | Mohenjo-Daro | A site on the Indus River where six successive ancient cities were built. | 76 | |
| 4795102899 | Chavin Civilization | An ancient civilization that developed in the Andes mountains in Peru. (900-200 BCE) | 77 | |
| 4796026505 | Division of Labor | The division of different parts of a process to improve efficiency. | 78 | |
| 4796026506 | Barter | Exchange without using money. | 79 | |
| 4796033644 | Polytheistic | The belief in many Gods | 80 | |
| 4796033645 | Ziggurats | An ancient Mesopotamian rectangular stepped tower, sometimes surmounted by a temple. | 81 | |
| 4796034045 | Astronomy, Astrology | The study of celestial bodies. | 82 | |
| 4796034634 | Hebrews, Israelites, Jews | People hailing from the region of modern day Israel and Palestine. Followers of the Jewish faith | 83 | |
| 4796034635 | Abraham | The first of the great biblical patriarchs. Founder of the ancient Hebrew nation. | 84 | |
| 4796034636 | Moses | The great leader of the ancient Israelites. He led the ancient Hebrews out of slavery from the Egyptians. | 85 | |
| 4796035112 | Ten Commandments | The ten rules and laws handed down to Moses by God on Mount Sinai. | 86 | |
| 4796035366 | Monotheism | The belief in one God | 87 | |
| 4796126317 | Scribes | A person who copies out documents, especially one employed to do this before printing was invented. | 88 | |
| 4796127154 | The Epic of Gilgamesh | The earliest surviving great work of literature written in ancient Mesopotamia. | 89 | |
| 4796127313 | Cuneiform | The form of writing of ancient Mesopotamia, mainly impressed on clay tablets. | 90 | |
| 4796127789 | Alphabetic Script | A writing system based on alphabetic characters. A method of representing sounds with symbols. | 91 | |
| 4796127790 | Hieroglyphics | A symbol representing a word, syllable or sound, as found in ancient Egypt. | 92 | |
| 4796249556 | Papyrus | A material prepared in ancient Egypt. Used for rope, sandals, and boats, most important of all paper for writing. | 93 | |
| 4796249809 | Book of the Dead | A collection of ancient Egyptian funerary texts from various periods. This contains prayers, magic formulas, and hymns to guide ones soul to the afterlife. | 94 | |
| 4796249810 | Indo-European | The languages spoken over the greater part of Europe and Asia as far as northern India. | 95 | |
| 4796250451 | Sanskrit | An ancient Indian language from which many northern Indian languages derive. | 96 | |
| 4796251011 | Rig-Veda | A collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns. It is one of the four sacred texts of Hinduism, known as Vedas. | 97 | |
| 4796251012 | Upanishads | A series of Sanskrit texts explaining the Vedas. | 98 | |
| 4796251454 | Pictographs, glyphs | A hieroglyph character or symbol. | 99 | |
| 4796251455 | Austronesian Speakers | Speakers of the family of languages spoken in an area extending from Madagascar to the pacific Islands. | 100 | |
| 4796252022 | Partiarchal | A society led by a man or men. | 101 | |
| 4796252023 | Clans | A group of closely-knit and interrelated families. | 102 | |
| 4796252703 | Feudalism | The dominant social system in medieval Europe. Nobility would swear their allegiance to a King in exchange for land, and promise military | 103 | |
| 4796252704 | Olmec | The first Mesoamerican civilization. Between ca. 1200 and 400 B.C.E., these people of central Mexico created a vibrant civilization that included intensive agriculture, wide-ranging trade, ceremonial centers, and monumental construction. | 104 | |
| 4796253135 | Easter Island | An island in the eastern Pacific Ocean, part of Polynesia, known for its giant human head statues. | 105 | |
| 4796253726 | Aboriginals | the people that are indigenous or native to a land. | 106 | |
| 4796256461 | Hammurabi | Amorite ruler of Babylon (r. 1792-1750 B.C.E.). He conquered many city-states in southern and northern Mesopotamia and is best known for a code of laws, inscribed on a black stone pillar, illustrating the principles to be used in legal cases. | 107 | |
| 4796256462 | King Menes | Leader of the first Egyptian ruling dynasty. "King of upper and king of lower Egypt." (United them.) | 108 | |
| 4796257280 | Pharaoh | A king of ancient Egypt, considered a god as well as a political and military leader. | 109 | |
| 4796258005 | Akhenaton | Egyptian pharaoh of the New Kingdom; attempted to establish a one-god religion, replacing the traditional Egyptian pantheon of gods with the Sun. | 110 | |
| 4796258006 | Ramses the Great | The third Egyptian pharaoh of the Nineteenth dynasty; came to power in 1200s BCE; one of the longest reigns in Egyptian history; signed peace treaty with Hittites after long war where no one could defeat the other | 111 | |
| 4796258913 | Xia Dynasty | 1994-1600 BCE. The first dynasty in China. Established by the legendary Yu the Great. The dynasty is considered an evolutionary stage between the more primitive cultures adn the urban Chinese, even though the dynasty's existence has yet to be archaeologically proven. | 112 | |
| 4796258914 | Shang Dynasty | Second Chinese dynasty (about 1750-1122 B.C.) which was mostly a farming society ruled by an aristocracy mostly concerned with war. They're best remembered for their art of bronze casting. | 113 | |
| 4796259280 | Mandate of Heaven | A political theory of ancient China in which those in power were given the right to rule from a divine source | 114 | |
| 4796259281 | Zhou Dynasty | (1050BC-400BC) Longest dynasty in Chinese history. Established a new political order with king at the highest level, then lords and warriors and then peasants. | 115 |
