Semester 1
Terms : Hide Images
| 291305384 | Hunting-foraging | Refers to societies which hunted animals and gathered plants for food. This is how early societies were able to survive before the discovery of agriculture. Ex. Early humans | 0 | |
| 291305385 | Domesticated plants/animals | Plants and animals that are adapted to live in a human environment. Early sedentary civilizations lived off of domesticated plants and animals. Ex. Potatoes and cows | 1 | |
| 291305386 | Sedentary | Societies that aren't migratory. Sedentary civilizations emerged because of the discovery of agriculture. Ex. Mesopotamia | 2 | |
| 291305387 | Nomadic | Societies that are migratory. Nomadic societies were abundant before the discovery of agriculture. Ex. Hunter-forager societies | 3 | |
| 291305388 | Pastoral | Societies that are nomadic herders. They herded animals and traded with societies they came in contact with for survival. Ex. Mongols | 4 | |
| 291305389 | Neolithic | Term given to the development of agricultural societies. This era ended the need to hunt and gather for food and led to the creation of settled communities, which revolutionized the way humans lived and still live today. Ex. Mesopotamia | 5 | |
| 291305390 | Deity | Divine entity or god. Ex. Vishnu in Hinduism | 6 | |
| 291305391 | Pantheon | All of the gods of a religion. Ex. Vishnu, Shiva, Brahma, etc. in Hinduism | 7 | |
| 291305392 | Pagan | Follower of a polytheistic religion. Most ancient religions were pagan. Ex. Greek/Roman mythology | 8 | |
| 291305393 | Caste system | Hindu practice in which people are born into a social class in which they are locked into for the res of their lives. The caste system affected all aspects of Hindu life. Ex. Organized into varnas | 9 | |
| 291305394 | Priest/Nun | A clergyman in Christian churches who has the authority to perform or administer various religious rites. Ex. | 10 | |
| 291305395 | Monotheism | Belief in only one god. Judaism was the first monotheistic religion to emerge. Ex. Judaism | 11 | |
| 291305396 | Polytheism | Belief in more than one god. Most ancient religions were polytheistic. Ex. Greek/Roman mythology | 12 | |
| 291305397 | Celibacy | Abstaining from sexual relations because of religious vows. Catholic priests practice celibacy. Ex. Catholic priests can't marry | 13 | |
| 291305398 | Monasticism | Way of life in which men and women withdraw from the rest of the world in order to devote themselves to their faith. Ex. Buddhist monks | 14 | |
| 291305399 | Afterlife | Belief in the continued existence of the soul after physical death. Neanderthals are the earliest known humans to show beliefs in an afterlife. Ex. Heaven/Hell in Christianity | 15 | |
| 291305400 | Reincarnation | The belief that every living thing has a soul, and after death, the soul is reborn into a different body. Reincarnation is a belief in both Buddhism and Hinduism, with slight variations. Ex. Buddhism - a person is reborn until they reach enlightenment Hinduism - a person is reborn into a higher/lower caste depending on their karma | 16 | |
| 291305401 | Missionaries | People who work to spread their religious beliefs. Missionaries were a major contributor to the spread of Christianity. Ex. Apostle Paul | 17 | |
| 291305402 | Pilgrims | People who take long journeys for religious reasons. Ex. Muslims performing the Hajj | 18 | |
| 291305403 | Filial | Respect for elders and authority. Filial piety is a value of Confucianism. Ex. Son respecting father | 19 | |
| 291305404 | Kinship groups | Groups of people related by blood or marriage. Ex. Aztec calpullis | 20 | |
| 291305405 | Conversion | The act of changing religion or beliefs due to spiritual enlightenment. Ex. Converting from Islam to Christianity | 21 | |
| 291305406 | Priesthood | The condition of being a priest. Ex. Christian priesthood | 22 | |
| 291305407 | Sacred texts | Texts that give religious guidance to each of their respective religions. Ex. The Bible in Christianity | 23 | |
| 291305408 | Imperial | Used to describe empires which extend their rule and acquire new territory through conquest. Ex. Roman Empire | 24 | |
| 291305409 | Feudal | Describes a system in which vassals are given land and protection in return for military service and payment by lords. Ex. Feudal Japan | 25 | |
| 291305410 | The state | Refers to the political structure of a given society. Ex. Democracy in Athens, Greece | 26 | |
| 291305411 | Empire | Political unit having an extensive territory obtained through conquest and ruled by a single authority. Ex. Islamic Empire | 27 | |
| 291305412 | Ideology | System of social or political ideas. Ex. Imperialism | 28 | |
| 291305413 | Bureaucracy | System of managing government through appointed government officials. Ex. Han Dynasty bureaucracy | 29 | |
| 291305414 | Civil service | Exam taken by the Chinese in order to become bureaucrats. The exam was based on memorization of Confucian ideals. Ex. Han Dynasty civil service exam | 30 | |
| 291305415 | Social hierarchy/stratification | Division of society based on rank or class. Leaders and warriors are generally at the top, followed by merchants and artisans and then peasants and slaves. Ex. Caste system | 31 | |
| 291305416 | Inequality | Difference in rights given to one group of people compared to another. Social stratification promotes inequality among classes. Ex. Men and women | 32 | |
| 291305417 | Patriarchy | Form of social organization in which a male is the family head and title is traced through the male line. Women are subordinate to men. Ex. Han China | 33 | |
| 291305418 | Slavery | Practice of forcing others to work for no pay and few rights. Ex. Slavery in Sparta, Greece | 34 | |
| 291305419 | Urban | Describes aspects of a city or city life. Characterized by high population density and high social activity. Ex. City of Rome | 35 | |
| 291305420 | Tax revenue | Government income from taxation of the people. Ex. Taxes paid to Roman Empire | 36 | |
| 291305421 | Nobility | Social class comprised of the wealthy. The nobility generally held more power than other classes. Ex. Aztec pipiltin | 37 | |
| 291305422 | Elites | Group or class of persons enjoying superior intellectual, social, or economic status. Ex. Scholar-gentry elite in Tang/Song China | 38 | |
| 291305423 | Autonomy | Self-government or political independence. Territories can be part of an empire while remaining autonomous. Ex. Inca territories were autonomous, ruled by Curacas | 39 | |
| 291305424 | Citizen | Native member of a political community with certain rights and responsibilities. Citizens have more rights than foreigners. Ex. Roman citizen | 40 | |
| 291305425 | Trade goods | Goods being traded between people. Ex. Porcelain, silk, gold, salt, etc. | 41 | |
| 291305426 | Role of nomads in trade | Because nomads are always on the move, they are able to spread ideas and different technologies to societies they come in contact with and that have not been introduced to them yet. | 42 |
