let's fail together
5651241557 | Neanderthal | subspecies of human, in the genus Homo-died 25,000 years ago | 0 | |
5651244398 | Jericho | site of an important early agricultural settlement of perhaps 2000 people in present day Israel | 1 | |
5651244399 | Catal Huyuk | Along with Jericho, it is one of the oldest cities in the world in present-day turkey (7500BCE)-means "fork mound" in Turkish | 2 | |
5651247477 | Venus Figurines | An umbrella term for a number of prehistoric statues of women sharing common attributes from the Aurignacian or Gravettian period of the upper Paleolithic-Western Europe to Siberia | 3 | |
5651247478 | Cro-Magnon | One of the earliest fossil sites found of our own species near Les Eyzies, France | 4 | |
5651251159 | Agricultural Transtition | transition from nomadic hunting and gathering groups to agricultural based complex societies | 5 | |
5651255240 | Ziggurats | large stepped towers build in ancient Mesopotamia (3000BCE), often a temple. | 6 | |
5651255241 | Cuneiform | system of writing developed by the ancient Sumerians of Mesopotamia (3500-3000BCE) | 7 | |
5651257744 | Hieroglyphics | Stylized picture of an object representing a word, syllable, or sound. Created in ancient Egypt | 8 | |
5651264300 | Epic of Gilgamesh | An epic poem from ancient Mesopotamia- the first great work of literature recorded | 9 | |
5651271636 | Lex Talionis | An early Babylonian law that was also present in biblical and Roman law. Says criminals should receive punishment precisely as they had inflicted on their victims. | 10 | |
5651271637 | Menes | The first king of Egypt who is thought to have united Upper and Lower Egypt and founded the First Dynasty and Memphis (3150BCE) | 11 | |
5651274406 | Sargon of Akkad | The first ruler of the Semitic-speaking Akkadian Empire. Known for his conquest of the Sumerian city-states in the 24th-23rd cent BCE | 12 | |
5651274407 | Hammurabi | The Babylonian king who proclaimed his codes of laws and standards, stipulated rules for commercial interactions and set fines/punishments. United all of southern Mesopotamia. | 13 | |
5651276798 | Hatshepsut | A daughter of King Thutmose I, Hatshepsut became queen of Egypt when she married her half-brother, Thutmose II, around the age of 12. Upon his death, she began acting as regent for her stepson, the infant Thutmose III, but later took on the full powers of a pharaoh, becoming co-ruler of Egypt around 1473 | 14 | |
5651276799 | Akhenaton | Pharaoh of Egypt of the 18th dynasty; in the 5th year, he underwent a dramatic religious transformation, changed his devotion from the cult of Amun to that of Aten, and, for the next twelve years, became famous (or infamous) as the `heretic king' who abolished the traditional religious rites of Egypt and instituted the first known monotheistic state religion in the world | 15 | |
5651280215 | Law book of Manu | definition: guidelines formed based on Hindu beliefs significance: set of laws to bring order, first ones to be based on religion | 16 | |
5651282801 | Rig Veda | an ancient Indian collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns. It is one of the four canonical sacred texts (śruti) of Hinduism known as the Vedas. The text is a collection of 1,028 hymns and 10,600 verses, organized into ten books. | 17 | |
5651285249 | Upanishads | The Upanishads (Sanskrit) are a collection of texts that contain some of the central philosophical concepts of Hinduism, some of which are shared with Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism. | 18 | |
5651285250 | Brahmins | A member of the highest Hindu caste, that of the priesthood. | 19 | |
5664278239 | Kahatriyas | a large block of Hindu castes, mainly located in the northern half of India. The Sanskrit term Kshatrā means "warrior, ruler," and identifies the second varna, ranking immediately below the Brahmans. | 20 | |
5664294770 | Vaishyas | a member of the third of the four Hindu castes, comprising the merchants and farmers. | 21 | |
5664294771 | Shudras | fourth varna, whose mythological origins are described in the Purusha Sukta of the Rig veda, one of the many sacred texts of Hinduism | 22 | |
5664294772 | Aryans | relating to or denoting a people speaking an Indo-European language who invaded northern India in the 2nd millennium BC, displacing the Dravidian and other aboriginal peoples. | 23 | |
5664297216 | Dravidian | a language family spoken, those who speak it, mainly in southern India and parts of eastern and central India, as well as in northeastern Sri Lanka with small pockets throughout Asia | 24 | |
5664298914 | Mohenjo-Daro | it was one of the largest settlements of the ancient Indus Valley civilization, and one of the world's earliest major urban settlements | 25 | |
5664298915 | Harappa | An ancient city that emerged around the Indus River Valley in 2600BCE | 26 | |
5664301835 | Mandate of Heaven | The Zhou created this; the idea that there could be only one legitimate ruler of China at a time, and that this ruler had the blessing of the gods. They used this to justify their overthrow of the Shang, and their subsequent rule. | 27 | |
5664301836 | Xia Dynasty | the first dynasty in traditional Chinese history. It is described in ancient historical chronicles such as the Bamboo Annals, the Classic of History and the Records of the Grand Historian. | 28 | |
5664303649 | Shang Dynasty | the first recorded Chinese dynasty for which there is both documentary and archaeological evidence. | 29 | |
5664309556 | Zhou Dynasty | the longest-lasting of China's dynasties. It followed the Shang Dynasty (c. 1600-1046 BCE) and it finished when the army of the state of Qin captured the city of Chengzhou in 256 BCE. | 30 | |
5664309557 | Qin Dynasty | the first dynasty of Imperial China, lasting from 221 to 206 BC. | 31 | |
5664311630 | Oracle Bones | pieces of ox scapula or turtle plastron, which were used for pyromancy - a form of divination - in ancient China, mainly during the late Shang dynasty. | 32 | |
5664313182 | Huang He River | a river flowing from W China into the Gulf of Bohai. 2800 miles (4510 km) long. | 33 | |
5664313183 | Yanagi River | a river that has a lot of paintings of it? | 34 | |
5664314673 | Olmec | The first major civilization in Guatemala and Mexico following a progressive development in Soconusco and modern southwestern pacific lowlands of Guatemala. They lived in the tropical lowlands of south-central Mexico, in the present-day states of Veracruz and Tabasco. | 35 | |
5664314674 | Mayan | Originating in the Yucatan around 2600 B.C., they rose to prominence around A.D. 250 in present-day southern Mexico, Guatemala, western Honduras, El Salvador, and northern Belize. | 36 | |
5664316487 | Chavin cult | An extinct, prehistoric civilization. The culture developed in the northern Andean highlands of Peru from 900 BC to 200 BC. It extended its influence to other civilizations along the coast. | 37 | |
5664318614 | Mesoamerica | A region extending south and east from central Mexico to include parts of Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, and Nicaragua. Developed in 1200 BCE it was inhabited by diverse civilizations, including the Maya and the Olmec. | 38 | |
5664321064 | San Lorenzo | Olmec period site located in Veracruz, Mexico. | 39 | |
5673514561 | Achaemenid | Also known as the Persian Empire. Based in Western Asia. Founded by Cyrus the Great. Formation Began in 550 BCE | 40 | |
5673514562 | Satrapy | A provincial governor in the ancient Persian empire. | 41 | |
5673518529 | Zoroastrianism | Early monotheistic religion founded in Iran about 3500 years ago. Founded by the prophet Zoroaster. Practiced Dualism | 42 | |
5673522959 | Ahura Mazda | Supreme god in the Zoroastrian religion | 43 | |
5673522960 | Cyrus | Founder of the Persian Empire. Liberated the jews in Babylonia. Also called Cyrus the Second | 44 | |
5673526732 | Darius | One of the rulers of the Achaemenid dynasty. Attempted to conquer Greece. Lost to Athens at Marathon in 490 BCE | 45 | |
5673526733 | Xerxes | Xerxes the great. Built a bridge across the Hellespont to invade the Greeks. Had his troops attack the water. | 46 | |
5673529903 | Anatolia | Also called the Asia Minor. Birthplace of the Ottoman Empire | 47 | |
5673529904 | Ionia | Located in present day Turkey. Became focus of intellectual life of greece the "Ionian Awakening". First phase of greek classical period | 48 | |
5673529905 | Marathon | Location of Battle of Marathon where the greeks defeated Darius and his persian army | 49 | |
5673534331 | Confucianism | system of teachins developed by Confucius. Major religion of the chinese civilization.Secular. Goal of followers is social harmony. 5 Cardinal relations- Ruler and subject; father and son; husband and wife, elder and younger brother, friend to friend | 50 | |
5673534332 | Daoism | a religious or philosophical tradition of Chinese origin which emphasizes living in harmony with the Tao | 51 | |
5673534333 | Legalism | a philosophical belief that human beings are more inclined to do wrong than right because they are motivated entirely by self interest. It was developed by the philosopher Han Feizi (c. 280 - 233 BCE) | 52 | |
5673538668 | Filial Piety | is a confucian virtue of respect for one's parents, elders, and ancestors. | 53 | |
5673538669 | Sericulture | the production of silk and the rearing of silkworms for this purpose. | 54 | |
5673542508 | Mencius | a fourth-century BCE Chinese thinker whose importance in the Confucian tradition is second only to that of Confucius himself. In many ways, he played the role of St. Paul to Confucius' Jesus, interpreting the thought of the master for subsequent ages while simultaneously impressing Confucius' ideas with his own philosophical stamp. | 55 | |
5673546158 | Qin Shihuangdi | Qin Shi Huang was the founder of the Qin dynasty and was the first emperor of a unified China. | 56 | |
5673546159 | Han Wudi | the autocratic Chinese emperor (141-87 bc) who vastly increased the authority of the Han dynasty (206 bc-ad 220) and extended Chinese influence abroad. He made Confucianism the state religion of China. | 57 | |
5673549129 | Jainism | an ancient religion from India that teaches that the way to liberation and bliss is to live a life of harmlessness and renunciation. The aim of life is to achieve liberation of the soul. | 58 | |
5673588365 | Siddhartha Guatama | Born in Nepal in the 6th century B.C., he was a spiritual leader and teacher whose life serves as the foundation of the Buddhist religion. | 59 | |
5673599400 | Mahabharata | one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the Ramayana. It is an epic narrative of the Kurukshetra War and the fates of the Kaurava and the Pandava princes. | 60 | |
5673599401 | Ramayana | an ancient Indian epic poem which narrates the struggle of the divine prince Rama to rescue his wife Sita from the demon king Ravana. Along with the Mahabharata, it forms the Sanskrit Itihasa. | 61 | |
5673612594 | Bhagavad-Gita | a 700-verse Hindu scripture in Sanskrit that is part of the Hindu epic Mahabharata. | 62 | |
5673618296 | Chandragupta Maurya | the founder of the Maurya Empire and the first emperor to unify north and south west of present-day India into one state. | 63 | |
5673618297 | Ashoka | an Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty who ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent from c. 268 to 232 BCE. | 64 | |
5673621201 | Chandra Gupta (II) | the founder of the Maurya Empire and the first emperor to unify north and south west of present-day India into one state. 340-298BC | 65 | |
5673626415 | Salamis | Here, a naval battle fought between an alliance of Greek city-states under Themistocles and the Persian Empire under King Xerxes occurred in 480 BC which resulted in a decisive victory for the outnumbered Greeks. | 66 | |
5673631412 | Antigonid Empire | Macedonian dynasty, ruling Macedonia from 294 to 168 BCE. Demetrius Poliorcetes. The family rose to power in the years after the death of Alexander the Great. | 67 | |
5673634517 | Ptolemaic Empire | definition: the area of Macedon and Greece, the smallest of the Hellenistic empires; cities such as Athens and Corinth flourished during the Hellenistic age and cities were overpopulated. Came to power after the death of Alexander the Great. significance: center of Greece, most influential | 68 | |
5673638245 | Seleucid Empire | definition: the largest kingdom that came of the division of Alexander's empire significance: helped diffuse Greek culture and ideas | 69 | |
5673638246 | Epicureans | followers of a system of philosophy based upon the teachings of the ancient Greek philosopher Epicurus, founded around 307 BC. Epicurus was an atomic materialist, following in the steps of Democritus. His materialism led him to a general attack on superstition and divine intervention. | 70 | |
5673644201 | Skeptics | a person who questions the validity or authenticity of something purporting to be factual. | 71 | |
5673644202 | Stoics | a person who can endure pain or hardship without showing their feelings or complaining. | 72 | |
5673648164 | Socrates | a classical Greek (Athenian) philosopher credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy. He is an enigmatic figure known chiefly through the accounts of classical writers, especially the writings of his students Plato and Xenophon and the plays of his contemporary Aristophanes. | 73 | |
5673648165 | Plato | a philosopher in Classical Greece and the founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. Student of Socrates | 74 | |
5673648166 | Aristotle | Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle was born circa 384 B.C. in Stagira, Greece. When he turned 17, he enrolled in Plato's Academy. In 338, he began tutoring Alexander the Great. In 335, he founded his own school, the Lyceum, in Athens, where he spent most of the rest of his life studying, teaching and writing. | 75 | |
5673652047 | Alexander | a king (basileus) of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon and a member of the Argead dynasty. Born in Pella in 356 BC, Alexander succeeded his father, Philip II, to the throne at the age of twenty. He spent most of his ruling years on an unprecedented military campaign through Asia and northeast Africa, and by the age of thirty he had created one of the largest empires of the ancient world, stretching from Greece to northwestern India. He was undefeated in battle and is widely considered one of history's most successful military commanders. | 76 | |
5673652048 | Pericles | The so-called golden age of Athenian culture flourished under the leadership of him (495-429 B.C.), a brilliant general, orator, patron of the arts and politician—"the first citizen" of democratic Athens, according to the historian Thucydides. He transformed his city's alliances into an empire and graced its Acropolis with the famous Parthenon. His policies and strategies also set the stage for the devastating Peloponnesian War, which would embroil all Greece in the decades following his death. | 77 | |
5673655696 | Aeschylus | (born 525/524 bc—died 456/455 bc, Gela, Sicily) the first of classical Athens' great dramatists, who raised the emerging art of tragedy to great heights of poetry and theatrical power. | 78 | |
5673655697 | Sophocles | 498-406BCE: one of three ancient Greek tragedians whose plays have survived. His first plays were written later than those of Aeschylus, and earlier than or contemporary with those of Euripides. | 79 | |
5673661068 | Euripides | 480-406BCE: one of the great Athenian playwrights and poets of ancient Greece, known for the many tragedies he wrote, including Medea and The Bacchae. | 80 | |
5673661069 | Aristophanes | the most famous writer of Old Comedy plays in ancient Greece and his surviving works are the only examples of that style. His innovative and sometimes rough comedy could also hide more sophisticated digs at the political elite and deal with social issues such as cultural change and the role of women in society. | 81 | |
5673661070 | Plebians | average working citizens of Rome - farmers, bakers, builders or craftsmen - who worked hard to support their families and pay their taxes. | 82 | |
5673665186 | Patricians | Ranked just below the emperor and his relatives, these families dominated Rome and its empire. | 83 | |
5673665187 | Latifundas | a large landed estate or ranch in ancient Rome or more recently in Spain or Latin America, typically worked by slaves. | 84 | |
5673665188 | Punic Wars | a series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage from 264 BC to 146 BC. At the time, they were probably the largest wars that had ever taken place. | 85 | |
5673670303 | Judaism | an ancient monotheistic religion, with the Torah as its foundational text (part of the larger text known as the Tanakh or Hebrew Bible), and supplemental oral tradition represented by later texts such as the Midrash and the Talmud. | 86 | |
5673677774 | Mithraism | a mystery religion centred around the god Mithras that was practised in the Roman Empire from about the 1st to the 4th century. | 87 | |
5673677775 | Christianity | a monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ, who serves as the focal point for the religion. | 88 | |
5673681914 | Julius Caesar | a Roman politician, general, and notable author of Latin prose. He played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire. | 89 | |
5673685544 | Augustus Caesar | the founder of the Roman Principate and considered the first Emperor, controlling the Roman Empire from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. He was born Gaius Octavius into an old and wealthy equestrian branch of the plebeian Octavii family. | 90 | |
5673685545 | Jesus of Nazareth | 91 | ||
5673689050 | Paul of Tarsus | 92 | ||
5673689051 | Silk Roads | 93 | ||
5673691608 | Nestorians | 94 | ||
5673695767 | Manichacism | 95 | ||
5673699904 | Council of Nicaca | 96 | ||
5673699905 | Edict of Milan | 97 | ||
5673704520 | Zhang Qian | 98 | ||
5673708933 | Constantine | 99 | ||
5673712794 | Theodosius | 100 | ||
5673716177 | Attila the Hun | 101 |