Terms : Hide Images
| 2502234048 | Demographics | Population settlements; who lives where, why; birth rates-increase or decrease; urban or rural | 0 | |
| 2502234049 | Foraging | Hunters and gatherers | 1 | |
| 2502234050 | Civilization | Societies that have advanced culture including a political system, job specialization, written language, and complex religions | 2 | |
| 2502234051 | Independent Invention | The idea that two or more different cultures could have invented the same thing without being influenced by another (common phenomenon) | 3 | |
| 2502234052 | Metallurgy | Melting of metals for human use | 4 | |
| 2502234053 | Polytheism | The belief in more than one god | 5 | |
| 2502234054 | Harrapan Civilization | Another name for the Indus River Valley civilization; known for advanced cities of Mohenjo-Daro | 6 | |
| 2502234055 | Shang Dynasty | Developed along the Yellow River (Huang He); known for oracle bones | 7 | |
| 2502234056 | Social Structure | All civilizations have some type of social structure. | 8 | |
| 2502234057 | Loss of Empire | There are major upheavals when an empire collapsed. The Han, Roman, and Gupta Empires all collapsed during the Foundations era. The collapse of the Roman Empire was more significant because of the centralization that had been placed on all aspects of society in the empire. In China, the concept of the Dynastic Cycle led to acceptance of the fall as a natural occurrence | 9 | |
| 2502234058 | Caste System | Aryan/Hindu system of social divisions based upon birth. People could not move caste except through reincarnation. Associated with racism. Most social systems are pretty class-restrictive | 10 | |
| 2502234059 | Classical Civilizations | Refers to civilizations that were considered far more advanced than others. These included: Han, Gupta, Greek, and Roman. They all had major advances in technology, art, trade, and political systems | 11 | |
| 2502234060 | Neolithic Revolution/Agricultural Revolution | Movement from foragers to permanent settlers. Led to villages and communities. Also led to gender restrictions | 12 | |
| 2502234061 | Patriarchal Systems | Male dominated societies. All major civilizations have been patriarchal | 13 | |
| 2502234062 | Bureaucracy | An elaborate government system that has numerous people involved in processing and administering the government | 14 | |
| 2502234063 | Aristotle | A Greek philosopher also known for scientific observations. Most of his conclusions were not challenged until the a Scientific Revolution | 15 | |
| 2502234064 | Indian Ocean Trade | Provided trading opportunities between Africa and Asia. Europe was somewhat included. | 16 | |
| 2507160977 | Bantus | Nomadic peoples from Africa who traveled around Africa spreading language and farming methods | 17 | |
| 2507165792 | Caliphate | Arab/Islamic religious and political leader. The first caliph after Muhammad was Abu Bakr | 18 | |
| 2507170745 | Polynesians | Peoples of southwest Pacific Ocean who traveled from island to island via boats; includes natives of New Zealand, Samoa, and Hawaii | 19 | |
| 2507177972 | Dar al-Islam | Unity in the Islamic world through language and religion. Similar to "nationalism" but transcends boundaries of race and ethnic background | 20 | |
| 2507182796 | Missionary | Person who intentionally spreads a faith. Usually Buddhists, Christians, and Muslims | 21 | |
| 2507187088 | Economic Revolutions | Refers to major advances and changes occurring in an economic system. Historically would apply to the major changes in Tang and Song China | 22 | |
| 2507191197 | East-West Schism | The split in Christianity in 1054. Prior to this time there was only one "Christian Church." The Catholic Church split into a Roman/Western Church and an Eastern Orthodox Church. Issues that led to schism included the use of icons, the role of the Pope, and the celibacy of priests. They remain split today. Roman Catholics are dominant in Western Europe, Canada, Australia, and Latin America. Eastern Orthodoxy is dominant in Greece, Russia, Eastern Europe, and the Middle East. | 23 | |
| 2507212745 | Migrations | Movements of large groups of people from one place to another. Normally very disruptive to the area being "invaded". Effects include warfare, political upheaval, conflict, and cultural diffusion. Most notable migrations: Huns, Germans, Arabs, Vikings, Bantu, Mongols, Turks, and the Aztecs | 24 | |
| 2507228406 | Plague | Black Death that devastated Europe during the Middle Ages. Came from Asia along trade routes and were spread by fleas on rats. | 25 | |
| 2507234803 | Urbanization | The settlement of people into cities. Normally associated with industrialization. China was most urbanized during Middle Ages. Europe was most urbanized after the Renaissance | 26 | |
| 2507240006 | Feudalism | Political systems in Europe and Japan. The system was based on military service (knights/samurais) in exchange for land grands made to the lords/shoguns. | 27 |
