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| 61607479 | sui dynasty | The short dynasty between the Han and the Tang; built the Grand Canal, strengthened the government, and introduced Buddhism to China | 0 | |
| 61607480 | Tang dynasty | dynasty often referred to as China's Golden age that reigned during 618 - 907 AD; China expands from Vietnam to Manchuria | 1 | |
| 61607481 | Grand Canal | The 1,100-mile (1,700-kilometer) waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire. (p. 277) | 2 | |
| 61607482 | Annam | a communist state in Indochina on the South China Sea | 3 | |
| 61607483 | Shinto | A Japanese religion whose followers believe that all things in the natural world are filled with divine spirits | 4 | |
| 61607484 | Celts | Peoples sharing a common language and culture that originated in Central Europe in the first half of the first millennium B.C.E.. After 500 B.C.E. they spread as far as Anatolia in the east, Spain and the British Isles in the west, onquered by Romans (90) | 5 | |
| 61607485 | Goth | one of the Teutonic people who invaded the Roman Empire in the 3rd to 5th centuries | 6 | |
| 61607486 | Justinian 1 | (483-565) Byzantine emperor from 527 to 565; he reunited the parts of the Roman Empire, simplified roman laws with Justinian's Code, and ordered Hagia Sophia built. | 7 | |
| 61607487 | Justinian Code | The body of Roman law collected by order of the Byzantine emperor, Justinian around A.D. 534. | 8 | |
| 61607488 | Iconoclasm | the attacking of widely accepted ideas, beliefs | 9 | |
| 61607489 | Orthodoxy | state of following established teachings especially in religion | 10 | |
| 61607490 | Carolingians | the family that ruled the Franks in Gaul from 751 to 987 in the Carolingian Dynasty. This began when Pepin was declared king. They lost power after the Treaty of Verdun. | 11 | |
| 61607491 | Charlemagne | King of the Franks (r. 768-814); emperor (r. 800-814). Through a series of military conquests he established the Carolingian Empire, which encompassed all of Gaul and parts of Germany and Italy. Illiterate, though started an intellectual revival. (250) | 12 | |
| 61607492 | Carolingian renaissance | name for the renaissance started by Charlemagne to improve writing and reading in his empire | 13 | |
| 61607493 | Quran | the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina | 14 | |
| 61607494 | Mecca | the holiest city of Islam; Muhammad's birthplace | 15 | |
| 61607495 | Ka'aba | (Islam) a black stone building in Mecca that is shaped like a cube and that is the most sacred Muslim pilgrim shrine | 16 | |
| 61607496 | hajj | the fifth pillar of Islam is a pilgrimage to Mecca during the month of Dhu al-Qadah | 17 | |
| 61607497 | jihad | a holy struggle or striving by a Muslim for a moral or spiritual or political goal | 18 | |
| 61607498 | hijra | The Migration of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina in A.D. 622, marking the founding of Islam | 19 | |
| 61607499 | sunni | a member of the branch of Islam that accepts the first four caliphs as rightful successors to Muhammad | 20 | |
| 61607500 | shi'a | a Muslim group that accepts only the descendants of Muhammed's son-in-law Ali as the true rulers of Islam | 21 | |
| 61607501 | ali | the fourth caliph of Islam who is considered to be the first caliph by Shiites | 22 | |
| 61607502 | imam | (Islam) the man who leads prayers in a mosque | 23 | |
| 61607503 | muhammed | The prophet and founder of Islam | 24 | |
| 61607504 | ummayyad | Clan of Quraysh that dominated politics and commercial economy of Mecca; clan later able to establish dynasty as rulers of Isla | 25 | |
| 61607505 | abbasid | The dynasty that came after the Umayyads. Devoted their energy to trade, scholorship, and the arts. | 26 | |
| 61607506 | seljuk turks | nomadic Turks from Asia who conquered Baghdad in 1055 and allowed the caliph to remain only as a religious leader. they governed strictly | 27 | |
| 61607507 | ulama | the body of mullahs (Muslim scholars trained in Islam and Islamic law) who are the interpreters of Islam's sciences and doctrines and laws and the chief guarantors of continuity in the spiritual and intellectual history of the Islamic community | 28 | |
| 61607508 | surfis | A Muslim who seeks to achieve direct contact with God through mystical means | 29 | |
| 61607509 | delhi sultanate | A Muslim leader of Ghur who defeated Hindu armies made Delhi, the third largest city of India, his capital. | 30 | |
| 61607510 | ghana | First known kingdom in sub-Saharan West Africa between the sixth and thirteenth centuries C.E. Also the modern West African country once known as the Gold Coast. (p. 215) | 31 | |
| 61607511 | mali | Empire created by indigenous Muslims in western Sudan of West Africa from the thirteenth to fifteenth century. It was famous for its role in the trans-Saharan gold trade. (See also Timbuktu.) (p. 375) | 32 | |
| 61607512 | sundiata | the founder of Mali empire. He crushed his enemies and won control of the gold trade routes | 33 | |
| 61607513 | mansa musa | this Mali king brought Mali to its peak of power and wealth from 1312 the 1337; he was the most powerful king in west africa | 34 | |
| 61607514 | dhimmi | Literally "people of the book"; applied as inclusive term to Jews and Christians in Islamic territories; later extended to Zoroastrians and even Hindus & Buddhists | 35 | |
| 61607515 | caliph | the civil and religious leader of a Muslim state considered to be a representative of Allah on earth | 36 | |
| 61607516 | abu bakr | Companion of 1st muslim leader after Muhammad. Regarded by Sunni's as the 1st caliph and rightful succesor. The Shi'ah regard him as a traitor of Muhammad. Known as best interpretter of dreams following Muhammad's death. | 37 | |
| 61607517 | free market economy | Demand & competition set the prices & supplies of goods in this type of economy. | 38 | |
| 61607518 | tenochititlan | the capital city of the Aztecs | 39 | |
| 61607519 | songhay | successor state to Mali; dominated middle reaches of Niger valley; formed as independent kingdom under a Berber dynasty; capital at Gao; reached imperial status under Sunni Ali | 40 | |
| 61607520 | axum | a town of northern Ethiopia. From the first to the eighth century A.D. it was the capital of an empire that controlled much of northern Ethiopia | 41 | |
| 61607521 | great zimbabwe | City, now in ruins (in the modern African country of Zimbabwe), whose many stone structures were built between about 1250 and 1450, when it was a trading center and the capital of a large state. (p. 385) | 42 | |
| 61607522 | marco polo | Venetian merchant and traveler. His accounts of his travels to China offered Europeans a firsthand view of Asian lands and stimulated interest in Asian trade. | 43 | |
| 61607523 | song dynasty | (960 - 1279 AD); this dynasty was started by Tai Zu; by 1000, a million people were living there; started feet binding; had a magnetic compass; had a navy; traded with india and persia (brought pepper and cotton); first to have paper money, explosive gun powder; *landscape black and white paintings | 44 | |
| 61607524 | pax mongolica | -Mongol Peace-used to describe the eased communication and commerce the unified administration helped to create | 45 | |
| 61607525 | ibn battuta | Moroccan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan. (p. 373) | 46 | |
| 61607526 | black death | the epidemic form of bubonic plague experienced during the Middle Ages when it killed nearly half the people of western Europe | 47 | |
| 61607527 | kublai khan | Mongolian emperor of China and grandson of Genghis Khan who completed his grandfather's conquest of China | 48 | |
| 61607528 | vikings | Invaders of Europe that came from Scandinavia | 49 | |
| 61607529 | leif eriksson | The son of Erik the Red. He sailed from west Norway to Greenland but strong winds blew his ship off course and carried him all the way to the North American coast | 50 | |
| 61607530 | william the conqueror | duke of Normandy who led the Norman invasion of England and became the first Norman to be King of England | 51 | |
| 61607531 | battle of lepanto | a naval battle fought between a Spanish and Venetian fleet and the German navy. The Spanish won. The battle meant that European navies ahd surpassed the Muslims. The Turks could no longer challenge Europeans on international routes. | 52 | |
| 61607532 | guilds | business associations that dominated medieval towns; they passed laws, levied taxes, built protective walls for the city, etc. Each guild represented workers in one occupation such as weavers, bakers, brewers, sword makers, etc. | 53 | |
| 61607533 | feudalism | a political and social system that developed during the Middle Ages; nobles offered protection and land in return for service | 54 |
