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7174358239B.C.E.Before Common Era0
7174358941C.E.Common Era1
7174359586abdicateTo renounce or relinquish a throne, right, power, claim, responsibility, or the like, especially in a formal manner2
7174359587accessionthe act of coming into the possession of a right, title, office, etc3
7174359849aestheticrelating to the philosophy of aesthetics; concerned with notions such as the beautiful and the the ugly4
7174359850agrarianrelating to land, land tenure, or the division of landed property5
7174359851amenitiesany feature that provides comfort, convenience, or pleasure6
7174360829anarchya state of society without government or law7
7174360830animismthe belief that natural objects, natural phenomena, and the universe itself posses souls8
7174361248antiquitythe quality of being ancient; ancientness9
7174381185appeasementto bring to a state of peace, quiet, ease, calm, or contentment; pacify; soothe10
7174382129aristocracya class of persons holding exceptional rank and privilges, especially the hereditary nobility11
7174383504asceticismthe manner of life, practices, or principles of an ascetic-(a person who dedicates his or her life to a pursuit of contemplative ideals and practices extreme self-denial or self-mortification for religious reasons)12
7174387306assimilateto take in and incorporate as one's own; absorb13
7174389364authoritarianfavoring complete obedience or subjection to authority as opposed to individual freedom14
7174390873autocracygovernment in which one person has uncontrolled unlimited authority over others; the government or power of an absolute monarch15
7174392411barbarisma barbarous or unciivilized state or condition16
7174394971bureaucracy/bureaucratsgovernment by many bureaus, administrators, and petty officials / an official of a bureaucracy17
7174397588city-statea sovereign state consisting of an autonomous city with its dependicies18
7174399712civicof or relating to a city; municipal19
7174400774classicalof, relating to, or characteristic of Greek and Roman antiquity20
7174401707colonialof, concerning, or pertaining to a colony or colonies21
7174402733commercean interchange of goods or commodities, especially on a large scale between different countries (foreign commerce) or between different parts of the same country (domestic commerce) trad; business22
7174409868communalused or shared in common by everyone in a group23
7174410452concubinea woman who cohabits with a man to whom she is not legally married, especially on e regarded as socially or sexually subservient; mistress24
7174412546conscriptioncompulsory enrollment of persons for military or naval service; draft25
7174413762cosmopolitanfree from local, provincial, or national ideas, prejudices, or attachments; at home all over the world26
7174417907coupa highly successful, unexpected stroke, act, or move; a clever action or accomplishment27
7174420846demography/demographicthe science of vital and social statistics, as of the births, deaths, diseases, marriages, etc. of populations28
7174422000despota king or other ruler with absolute, unlimited power; autocrat29
7174422959diasporathe scattering of the Jews to countries outside of Palestine after the Babylonian capivity30
7174424251dissentto differ in sentiment or opinion, especially from the majority; withhold assent; disagree31
7174428375dissidenta person who dissents32
7174429560domestic/domesticateof or relating to the home, the household, household affairs, or the family / to convert (animals, plants, etc.) to domestic uses; tame33
7174432000dynasty/dynastica sequence of rulers from the same family, stock, or group34
7174434023edicta decree issued by a sovereign or other authority35
7174435382egalitarianasserting, resulting from, or characterized by belief in the equality of all people, especially in political, economic, or social life36
7174439087elitethe choice or best of anything considered collectively, as of a group or class of persons37
7174441250emigrateto leave one country or region to settle in another; migrate38
7174443459epicnoting or pertaining to a long poetic composition, usually centered upon a hero, in which a series of great achievements or events is narrated in elevated style39
7174446789ethnocentricthe belief in the inherent superiority of one's own ethnic group or culture40
7174448787feudalismthe feudal system, or principles and practices41
7174453060genocidethe deliberate and systematic extermination of a national, racial, political, or cultural group42
7174454914gentrywellbron and well-breed people (class below ht enobility43
7174456298guildan organization of persons with related interests, goals, etc,. especially one formed for mutual aid or protection44
7174459657hierarchyany system of persons or things ranked one above another / government by ecclesiastical rulers45
7174461973hominidsany member of the group consisting of all modern and extinct humans and great apes ( including gorillas, chimpanzees, and orangutans and all their immediate ancestors46
7174466399homogenouscorresponding in structure because of a common orgin47
7174467044ideologythe body of doctrine, myth, belief, etc., that guides an individual, social movement, institution, class or large group48
7174468324imperial/imperialismof, like, or pertaining to an empire49
7174468891indigenousoriginating in and characteristic of a particular region or country; native50
7174471185infrastructurethe basic, underlying framework or features of a system or organization51
7174472069lineagelineal descent from an ancestor; ancestry or extraction52
7174473231linguisticof or belonging to language53
7174474673manifestreadily perceived by the eye or the understanding; evident; obvious; apparent; plain54
7174475735maritimeconnected with the sea in relation to navigation, shipping, etc.55
7174477150martialinclined or disposed to war; warlike56
7174478225matrilinealinheriting or determing descent through the female line57
7174479871mercenaryworking or acting merely for money or other reward; venal58
7174480689monarchya state or nation in which the supreme power is actually or nominally lodge in a monarch59
7174484711monopoly/monopolizeexclusive control of a commodity or service in a particular market, or a control that make possible the manipulation of prices60
7174487574monotheismthe doctrine or belief that there is only one God61
7174488434mysticalof or relating to supernatural agencies, affairs, occurrences, etc.62
7174490005nation-statea sovereign state inhabited by a relatively homogeneous group of people who share a feeling of common nationality63
7174491793neoa combining from meaning "new," "recent," "revived," "modified," used in the formation of compound words64
7174494550NeolithicAnthropology. of, relating to, or characteristic of the last phase of the Stone Age, marked by the domestication of animals the development of agriculture, and the manufacture of pottery and textiles: commonly thought to have begun c9000-8000 b.c. in the Middle East65
7174498028nomadicof, relating to, or characteristic of nomads66
7174499346oligarchya form of government in which all power is vested in a few persons or in dominant class or clique government by the few67
7174501570pantheona domed circular temple at Rome, erected a.d. 120-124 by Hadrian, used as a church since a.d.68
7174505522papal/papacyof or relating to the pope or the papacy69
7174506684parliament/parliamentary systemthe legislature of Great Britain, historically the assembly of the three estates, now composed of Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal, forming together the House of Lords, and representative of the counties, cites, boroughs, and universities, forming the House of Commons70
7174510725pastoralhaving the simplicity, charm serenity, charm, serenity, or other characteristics generally attributed to rural areas71
7174512917patriarchalof or relating to a patriarch, the male head of a family, tribe, community, church, order, etc.72
7174515526patrilinealinheriting or determining descent through the male line73
7174516238patronage(in ancient Rome) the rights and duties or the position of a patron74
7174517492peasanta member of a class of persons, as in Europe, Asia, and Latin America, who are small farmers or farm laborers of low social rank75
7174519722pharaoha title of an ancient Egyptian King76
7174521403Piety/piousreverence for God or devout fulfillment of religious obligations77
7174522427politya particular form or system of government / the condition of being constituted as a state or other organized community or body78
7174524661polygamythe practice or condition of having more than one spouse, especially wife at one time79
7174527291polytheismthe doctrine of or belief in more than one god or in many gods80
7174528389proselytizeto convert or attempt to convert as a proselyte; recruit81
7174530647provincialbelonging or peculiar to some particular province; local82
7174531445regenta person who exercises the ruling power in a kingdom during the minority, absence, or disability of the sovereign83
7174532682republica state in which the supreme power rests in the body of citizens entitled to vote and is exercised by representatives chosen directly or indrectly by them84
7174535553rhetoric/rhetoriaclthe undue use of exaggeration or display; bombast / the art of science of all specialized literary uses of language in prose or verse, including the figures of speech85
7174538357sedentaryTo spend much time seated86
7174539136serfa person in a condition of servitude, required to render services to a lord commonly attached to the lord's land and transferred with it from one owner to another87
7174540705Sharialaw, seen as deriving form the Koran, hadith, ijam, and qiyas88
7174544578Sinificationto sinicize-(to make Chinese in character or bring under Chinese influence89
7174545993statethe condition of a person or thing, as with respect to circumstances or attributes90
7174547471steppean extensive plain, especially one with trees91
7174549586stratificationThe placing of something into different groups92
7174551399Sub-Saharanof, relating to, or in Africa south of the Sahara Desert93
7174552562subordinateplaced in or belonging to a lower order or rank94
7174554158successionthe coming of one person or thing after another in order, sequence, or in the course of events95
7174555283syncretismthe attempted reconciliation or union of different or opposing priniciples, practices, or parties, as in philosophy or religion96
7174557409textilesany cloth or goods produced by weaving, knitting, or felting97
7174558403theocracya form of government in which God or a deity is recognized as the supreme civil ruler, the God's or diety's laws being interpreted by the ecclesiastical authorities98
7174566230theologythe field of study and analysis that treats of God and of God's attributes and relations to the universe; study of diving things or religious truth; divinity99
7174568227totalitarianof or relating to a centralized government that does not tolerate parties of differing opinion and that exercises dictatorial control over many aspects of life.100
7174572453tributary statea state that is subordinate to a more powerful neighbour. It was form of subordination in pre-modern times. The tributary sent a regular token of submission to the superior power. This was a tribute, a substantial gift of wealth, such as the gold, produce or slaves.101
7174573201tryannyarbitrary or unrestrained exercise of power; despotic abuse of authority102
7174574834urban/urbanizedof, relating to, or designating a city or town / to make or cause to become urban, as a locality103
7174576192usurpto seize and hold ( a position =, office, power, etc.) by force or without legal right104
7174577355vernacular(of language) native or indigenous (opposed to literary or learned)105

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