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| 3225268426 | Abbasid caliphate | The Abbasid Caliphate was the third of the Islamic caliphates to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. | 0 | |
| 3225268427 | Fief | A fief (Latin: feudum) was the central element of feudalism and consisted of heritable property or rights granted by an overlord to a vassal who held it in fealty (or "in fee") in return for a form of feudal allegiance and service, usually given by the personal ceremonies of homage and fealty. | 1 | |
| 3225268428 | Byzantine empire | The Byzantine Empire or Eastern Roman Empire was the predominantly Greek-speaking continuation of the eastern part of the Roman Empire during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. | 2 | |
| 3225268429 | Footbinding | Foot binding (also known as "lotus feet") was the custom of applying painfully tight binding to the feet of young girls to prevent further growth. | 3 | |
| 3225268430 | Caliphate | A caliphate is an Islamic state. It's led by a caliph, who is a political and religious leader who is a successor (caliph) to the Islamic prophet Muhammad. | 4 | |
| 3225268431 | Charlemagne | Charlemagne, also known as Charles the Great or Charles I, was King of the Franks who united most of Western Europe during the early Middle Ages | 5 | |
| 3225268432 | Crusades | The Crusades were military campaigns sanctioned by the Catholic Church in the Middle Ages. | 6 | |
| 3225268433 | Fujiwara | Fujiwara clan (藤原氏 Fujiwara-uji or Fujiwara-shi ?), descending from the Nakatomi clan and through them Ame-no-Koyane-no-Mikoto, was a powerful family of regents in Japan. | 7 | |
| 3225268434 | Hadith | a collection of traditions containing sayings of the prophet Muhammad that, with accounts of his daily practice (the Sunna), constitute the major source of guidance for Muslims apart from the Koran. | 8 | |
| 3225268435 | Holy roman empire | The Holy Roman Empire was a multi-ethnic complex of territories in central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806. | 9 | |
| 3225268436 | Horse collar | A horse collar is a part of a horse harness that is used to distribute the load around a horse's neck and shoulders when pulling a wagon or plough. | 10 | |
| 3225268437 | Investiture controversy | The Investiture Controversy, also known as the lay investiture controversy, was the most important conflict between secular and religious powers in medieval Europe. | 11 | |
| 3225268438 | Junk | old or discarded articles that are considered useless or of little value. | 12 | |
| 3225268439 | Koryo | Goryeo, also known as Koryŏ, was a Korean dynasty established in 918 by King Taejo | 13 | |
| 3225268440 | Li shimin | Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, personal name Li Shimin, was the second emperor of the Tang Dynasty of China, ruling from 626 to 649. | 14 | |
| 3225268441 | Movable type | Movable type is the system of printing and typography that uses movable components to reproduce the elements of a document (usually individual letters or punctuation). | 15 | |
| 3225268442 | Neo-confucianism | "Neo-Confucianism" is the name commonly applied to the revival of the various strands of Confucian philosophy and political culture that began in the middle of the 9th century and reached new levels of intellectual and social creativity in the 11th century in the Northern Song Dynasty. | 16 | |
| 3225268443 | Papacy | the office or authority of the pope. | 17 | |
| 3225268444 | Seljuk turks | The Seljuq dynasty was a Turkish Sunni Muslim dynasty that gradually adopted Persian culture and contributed to the Turko-Persian tradition in the medieval West and Central Asia. | 18 | |
| 3225268445 | Serf | an agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord's estate. | 19 | |
| 3225268446 | Shari'a | SHARIA (ISLAMIC LAW) Shari'a is an Arabic word meaning "path" or "way." | 20 | |
| 3225268447 | Shi'ites | The group now known as Sunnis chose Abu Bakr, the prophet's adviser, to become the first successor, or caliph, to lead the Muslim state. Shiites favored Ali, Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law. Ali and his successors are called imams, who not only lead the Shiites but are considered to be descendants of Muhammad | 21 | |
| 3225268448 | Song empire | The Song dynasty was an era of Chinese history that began in 960 and continued until 1279. | 22 | |
| 3225268449 | Sunnis | The Sunni are the majority in most Islamic countries outside of Iran, Iraq, Yemen, and Bahrain. Sunna—translated variously as the "trodden path," "the way," "example," or "habitual practice"—refers to the example or path of the Prophet Muhammad and his followers. | 23 | |
| 3278567675 | Tang empire | was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. | 24 | |
| 3278567676 | Tributary system | is a widely used term in the studies of traditional Chinese foreign relations | 25 | |
| 3278567677 | Uighurs | The Uighurs are Muslims and regard themselves as culturally and ethnically close to Central Asian nations. | 26 | |
| 3278567678 | Umma | Umma - the Muslim community or people, considered to extend from Mauritania to Pakistan; | 27 | |
| 3278567679 | Umayyad caliphate | he Umayyad Caliphate was the second of the four major Islamic caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. | 28 | |
| 3278567680 | Vassal | a holder of land by feudal tenure on conditions of homage and allegiance. | 29 | |
| 3278567681 | Teotihuacan | also written Teotihuacán, was an ancient Mesoamerican city located in a sub valley of the Valley of Mexico, located in the State of Mexico 30 miles northeast | 30 | |
| 3278567682 | Chinampas | is a method of Mesoamerican agriculture which used small, rectangular areas of fertile arable land to grow crops on the shallow lake beds in the Valley of Mexico. | 31 | |
| 3278567683 | Maya | a member of an American Indian people of Yucatán and adjacent areas. | 32 | |
| 3278567684 | Toltecs | he Toltec culture is an archaeological Mesoamerican culture that dominated a state centered in Tula, in the early post-classic period of Mesoamerican chronology | 33 | |
| 3278567685 | Aztecs | he Aztecs are a tribe, according to their own legends, from Aztlan somewhere in the north of modern Mexico. | 34 | |
| 3278567686 | Anasazi | he Anasazi ("Ancient Ones"), thought to be ancestors of the modern Pueblo Indians, inhabited the Four Corners country of southern Utah, southwestern Colorado, northwestern New Mexico, and northern Arizona from about A.D. 200 to A.D. 1300, leaving a heavy accumulation of house remains and debris. | 35 | |
| 3278567687 | Moche | The Moche civilization flourished in northern Peru with its capital near present-day Moche and Trujillo, from about 100 AD to 800 AD, during the Regional Development Epoch. | 36 | |
| 3278567688 | Wari | The Wari were a Middle Horizon civilization that flourished in the south-central Andes and coastal area of modern-day Peru, from about AD 500 to 1000. | 37 | |
| 3278567689 | Inca | The Inca Empire, also known as the Incan Empire, was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America. | 38 | |
| 3278567690 | Mit'a | was mandatory public service in the society of the Inca Empire. Historians use the hispanicized term mita to differentiate the system as it was modified and intensified by the Spanish colonial government. | 39 | |
| 3278567691 | Mongols | are an East-Central Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia and China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. | 40 | |
| 3278567692 | Genghis khan | Genghis Khan, born Temüjin, was the founder and Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his demise. He came to power by uniting many of the nomadic tribes of Northeast Asia | 41 | |
| 3278567693 | Yuan empire | The Yuan dynasty, officially the Great Yuan, was the empire or ruling dynasty established by Kublai Khan, leader of the Mongolian Borjigin clan | 42 | |
| 3278567694 | Golden horde | The Golden Horde was a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century and originating as the northwestern sector of the Mongol Empire. | 43 | |
| 3278567695 | Tsar | an emperor of Russia before 1917. | 44 | |
| 3278567696 | Ming empire | The Ming dynasty, or the Great Ming, also called the Empire of the Great Ming, was the ruling dynasty of China for 276 years following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. | 45 | |
| 3278567697 | Zheng he | Zheng He, originally named Ma He, was a Hui court eunuch, mariner, explorer, diplomat, and fleet admiral during China's early Ming dynasty. | 46 | |
| 3278567698 | Kamikaze | The Kamikaze, officially Tokubetsu Kōgekitai, abbreviated as Tokkō Tai, and used as a verb as Tokkō, were suicide attacks by military aviators from the Empire of Japan against Allied naval vessels | 47 | |
| 3278567699 | Ashikaga shogunate | was a dynasty originating from one of the plethora of Japanese daimyo which governed Japan from 1338 to 1573, the year in which Oda Nobunaga deposed Ashikaga Yoshiaki from office | 48 | |
| 3278567700 | Ottoman empire | The Ottoman Empire, also known as the Turkish Empire, Ottoman Turkey or Turkey, was an empire founded in 1299 by Oghuz Turks under Osman I in northwestern Anatoli | 49 | |
| 3325385490 | Yongle | The Yongle Emperor, personal name Zhu Di, was the third emperor of the Ming dynasty in China, reigning from 1402 to 1424. Zhu Di was the fourth son of the Hongwu Emperor, the founder of the Ming dynasty. | 50 | |
| 3325385491 | Ibn battuta | Ibn Baṭūṭah, or simply Muhammad Ibn Battuta, was an explorer of Berber descent, who is widely recognised as one of the greatest travelers of all time. | 51 | |
| 3325385492 | Delhi Sultanate | The Delhi Sultanate was a Muslim kingdom based mostly in Delhi and the Punjab region that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent for 320 years | 52 | |
| 3325385493 | Mansa kankan musa | It is the great Emperor of Mali, Kankan Musa, also written Kankan Moussa, or Mansa Musa, or Mansa Moussa, or Kankou Moussa. | 53 | |
| 3325385494 | Dhow | Dhow (Arabic داو dāw) is the generic name of a number of traditional sailing vessels with one or more masts with lateen sails used in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean region. | 54 | |
| 3325385495 | Swahili coast | The Swahili Coast refers to a coastal area in Southeast Africa inhabited by the Swahili people. It mainly consists of littoral Kenya, Tanzania and northern Mozambique. | 55 | |
| 3325385496 | Timbuktu | Timbuktu, also spelled Timbuctoo and Timbuktoo, is a city in the West African nation of Mali situated 20 km north of the River Niger on the southern edge of the Sahara Desert. | 56 | |
| 3325385497 | Mali | Mali, officially the Republic of Mali, is a landlocked country in West Africa. | 57 | |
| 3325385498 | Three-field system | Under this system, the arable land of an estate or village was divided into three large fields | 58 | |
| 3325385499 | Black death | The Black Death was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people and peaking in Europe in the years 1346-53. | 59 | |
| 3325385500 | Water wheel | a large wheel driven by flowing water, used to work machinery or to raise water to a higher level. | 60 | |
| 3325385501 | Hanseatic league | The Hanseatic League (also known as the Hanse or Hansa; Low German: Hanse, Dudesche Hanse, Latin: Hansa, Hansa Teutonica or Liga Hanseatica) was a commercial and defensive confederation of merchant guilds and their market towns. It dominated Baltic maritime trade (c. 1400-1800) along the coast of Northern Europe. | 61 | |
| 3325385502 | Guild | A guild /ɡɪld/ is an association of artisans or merchants who control the practice of their craft in a particular town. The earliest types of guild were formed as confraternities of tradesmen. | 62 | |
| 3325385503 | Renaissance | The Renaissance marks the period of European history at the close of the Middle Ages and the rise of the Modern world. It represents a cultural rebirth from the 14th through the middle of the 17th centuries. | 63 | |
| 3325385504 | Scholasticism | the system of theology and philosophy taught in medieval European universities, based on Aristotelian logic and the writings of the early Church Fathers and having a strong emphasis on tradition and dogma. | 64 | |
| 3325385505 | Humanist | Many people are humanists without even knowing it. If you are non-religious and look to science, reason, empathy, and compassion in order to live an ethical and meaningful life, you're probably a humanist. | 65 | |
| 3325385506 | Printing press | A printing press is a device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a print medium (such as paper or cloth), thereby transferring the ink. | 66 | |
| 3325385507 | Great western schism | The Western Schism or Papal Schism was a split within the Roman Catholic Church from 1378 to 1417. Several men simultaneously claimed to be the true pope. Driven by politics rather than any theological disagreement, the schism was ended by the Council of Constance (1414-1418). | 67 | |
| 3325385508 | Hundred year war | The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Plantagenet, rulers of the Kingdom of England, against the House of Valois, rulers of the Kingdom of France, for control of the latter kingdom | 68 | |
| 3325385509 | Arawak | Arawak, American Indians of the Greater Antilles and South America. The Taino, an Arawak subgroup, were the first native peoples encountered by Christopher Columbus on Hispaniola. The island Arawak were virtually wiped out by Old World diseases to which they had no immunity. | 69 |
