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| 4087814730 | began in early 1700. Philosophy of economic system that favors private ownership. Industrial production occurred at such a dramatic rate—machines require massive amounts of raw materials and produce huge quantities of products—that access to foreign resources and markets was a necessity for industrial growth. Factories require large investments of money (capital), so a thriving bourgeois class with wealth to invest was a basis for industrialization. The hereditary wealth of the aristocracy was less relevant. In fact, societies without a solid bourgeoisie had to rely on foreign investment to industrialize. Banks were well established, and they provided loans for businessmen to invest in new machinery and expand their operations. | 0 | ||
| 4087818811 | Centralized production and included complicated machinery for large-scale production; employed the use of a division of labor to improve productivity; strict work discipline and closely supervised employees; extremely unsafe conditions; long working hours. New technique developed for organizing steps of manufacturing of machines. Allowed for installment of machines to be together where they could all be powered by the same socialize- improves efficiency. Individual craftsman replaced by a mass scale production by machines. These had terrible conditions b/c of the competition between capitalists to lower class and maximize productivity | 1 | ||
| 4087822425 | Markets dominated by products and services designed for the general consume | 2 | ||
| 4087824801 | Areas which have undergone the revolution of industrialization | 3 | ||
| 4087827209 | United fruit company, HSBC, Zaibatsu- japanese word for conglomerate | 4 | ||
| 4087830181 | Utopian socialism - socialism based on a belief that social ownership of the means of production can be achieved by voluntary and peaceful surrender of their holdings by propertied groups • Marxism - branch of socialism; Karl Marx "historical materialism" • Anarchism - abolish all private property and governments (by violence) and replace them with free associations of groups | 5 | ||
| 4087832299 | specific social attributes and forms of political and cultural organization that were prevalent before the advent of Industrialization. Pre-Industrial Society were societies that existed before the Industrial Revolution. They shared many common characteristics such as being an agriculturally based economy, small populations, limited production and division of labor. Two large examples of this are Hunting and Gathering societies as well as Feudalism. This occurred during this time period because it was before the hasty spread of new technology that allowed faster growing populations and a greater economy | 6 | ||
| 4087834690 | The social order. In social and political theory, the notion of the bourgeoisie was largely a construct of Karl Marx. The term bourgeoisie arose in medieval France, where it denoted and inhabited of a walled town. In Marxist theory, the bourgeoisie plays a heroic role by revolutionizing industry and modernizing society. The term nearly disappeared by the mid-20th century | 7 | ||
| 4087836442 | people who had no wealth other than their children | 8 | ||
| 4087839532 | change an idol culture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and technology had a profound effect on the social, economic and cultural conditions of the times. | 9 | ||
| 4087841055 | Development of new methods, of producing steel, chemicals, electricity, and machinery in industrialized states. Continued to change the economy and technologies available. Modern industry began to exploit many natural and synthetic resources. Products such as plastic, as well as new energy sources. Developments in machines tools and computers gave the rise to auto mechanic factory. Through purchase of common stocks by individuals and by institutions such as insurance companies gave way to a wider distribution of ownership. In the first half of the 20th century, many countries of Europe socialized basic sectors of their economies. There was also during that period a change in political theories: instead of the laissez-faire ideas that dominated the economy and social thought of classical Industrial Revolution, governments generally moods into the social and economic realm to meet their needs of their more complex industrial societies. | 10 | ||
| 4087843830 | feminist , civil servant, political economist, British philosopher, and social reformer who helped around liberalism by promoting the freedom of individual to pursue economic & intellectual interests. Ex: advocated universal suffrage. Influential contributor to social theory, political theory, and political economy,. Overall aim: A positive view of the universe and the pick of numbers in it, one of which contributes to the progress of human knowledge, individual freedom & human well-being | 11 | ||
| 4087846904 | philosophy committed to the ideal of limited government, constitutional, rule of law due process, and liberty of individuals including freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and free markets. | 12 | ||
| 4087848402 | It is a financial system where gold is the unit of value. This means every paper dollar was equal to the value of a gold dollar during that time. The gold standard was an effort to standardize currency in the world trade markets. It devalued silver, and brought an increased desire for gold. Many of the world's nations made the switch to the Gold Standard in the late 19th century, however many could not afford this system. The system was very unstable because it was subjected to the inflation and deflation of the world's markets. If the nation's major bank was not in a good spot, neither was the country. In the United States, it lengthened the Great Depression and was a cause of the widespread panic and failure of the banks. In order to lessen this, Franklin D Roosevelt cut ties with this system in 1933, and caused the fall of the Gold Standard. | 13 | ||
| 4087850787 | flexible form of enterprise that blends elements of partnership and corporate structures | 14 | ||
| 4087852249 | American corporation that traded in tropical fruit (mainly bananas), grown on Central and south American plantations. Had an impact on the economical and political development of countries. It sold in the United States and Europe. It controlled vast territories and communication networks in Central America. The UFC competed with the Standard Fruit Company for dominance in trade. After a certain time it came to be known as United Brands Company | 15 | ||
| 4087855414 | A prominent bank established and based in Hong Kong | 16 | ||
| 4087858779 | Pre Industrial Society were societies that existed before the Industrial Revolution. They shared many common characteristics such as being an agriculturally based economy, small populations, limited production and division of labor. Two large examples of this are Hunting and Gathering societies as well as Feudalism. This occurred during this time period because it was before the hasty spread of new technology that allowed faster growing populations and a greater economy | 17 | ||
| 4087861534 | Economic and social system based on theories of Kan Marx & Friedrich Engels this system was of socialism, in when prominent feature is public ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange. Marxis- based on atheord that class struggle is the main element in the analysis of social change in societies. Important b/c a view in which changes in a society can be seen as normal & progressive. Also gare view of relations between. Social groups, institutions, doctrines, and beliefs | 18 | ||
| 4087864622 | Many Eastern European revolutionaries were anarchists. Subsequently they opposed all forms of government and believed that individual freedom could not be realized until all government is abolished. Some anarchists relied on terror tactics and assassination to achieve their goals. These anarchists wanted to vest all authority in local governing councils elected by universal suffrage | 19 | ||
| 4087868233 | "Pure" the ruler of china until the early 20th century was Manchus. Ruling elites were schooled in Chinese language and Confucian thought. The Manchus were careful to preserve their own ethnic and cultural identity. They outlawed intermarriage between Manchus and Chinese and forbade Chinese from learning Manchuria's ways. Confucian values were applied to policies.Ex: irrigation projects, patronized Confucian schools and academies, and promote agriculture. The height of the Qing dynasty was Qianlong rule he cancelled all tax collections. | 20 | ||
| 4087869873 | The time period that the Romanov dynasty ruled Russia. Tightly centralized government; absolute monarchy; tsars included Peter I, Catherine II, and Ivan IV; a large police system reported suspicious behavior and carried out the will of the tsar; Russia under the tsars became a vast empire that extended to Siberia and central Asia; Orthodox Church was headed by the Tsar who claimed to be appointed by God; the state was transformed on the model of western European lands: a large army was created with extensive training and modern weapons and a navy was established; worked to improve the conditions of Russia's oppressed peasants and serfs; the power of boyars (nobles) was greatly restricted | 21 | ||
| 4087875946 | a movement. Period of institutional reforms initiated during the late Qing Dynasty following a series of military defeats and concessions to foreign powers | 22 | ||
| 4087877564 | Became pasha (ruler) of Egypt. He had his own imperial ambitions. Conquered new lands for Egypt and the Ottoman's. Subordinate to the Ottoman Sultan but basically ruled Egypt independently. Muhammad Ali modernized education, ordering the translation of European books on a large scale, vaccinated children against smallpox and offered them medical care, conducted censuses, and undertook huge public works projects that established cotton as a key Egyptian cash crop. He rebuilt an ancient canal that linked Alexandria with the Nile River, and under his reign, the total length of Egypt's irrigation channels more than doubled. Considered the founder of modern Egypt. | 23 | ||
| 4090376602 | Adam Smith was an economist and philosopher who wrote what is considered the "bible of capitalism," The Wealth of Nations, in which he details the first system of political economy. Smith's ideas are a reflection on economics in light of the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, and he states that free-market economies are the most productive and beneficial to their societies. | 24 | ||
| 4090386054 | As a manure, guano is a highly effective fertilizer. Guano, accumulated excrement and remains of birds, bats, and seals, valued as fertilizer. Bird guano comes mainly from islands off the coasts of Peru. | 25 |
