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| 3684106645 | Abbasid Caliphate | The third Islamic Caliphate, descended from Muhammad's youngest uncle, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib. | 0 | |
| 3684121647 | Achaemenid Empire | The first Persian Empire, founded by Cyrus the Great. | 1 | |
| 3684133914 | Akan | Peoples of the Gulf of Guinea, one of the biggest Ethnic groups in West Africa today. | 2 | |
| 3684147978 | Akhenaten | Pharaoh of the Egyptian New Kingdom who instituted the first ever monotheistic religion, worshiping the sun-disk. | 3 | |
| 3684161506 | Akkadian Empire | The world's first empire, founded by Sargon, located in Mesopotamia. | 4 | |
| 3684167384 | Aksum | An Empire in northern Ethiopia and Eritrea, known for trade. | 5 | |
| 3684201415 | Alexander the Great | Ancient Greek King of Macedon, who conquered a majority of the Middle East. | 6 | |
| 3684227066 | Amun Re | Egyptian god related to the sun, or one of the stages of the sun cycle. | 7 | |
| 3684241807 | Analects | The teachings of Confucius. | 8 | |
| 3684244702 | Apostles | One of the 12 original followers of Jesus Christ. | 9 | |
| 3684250224 | Arabian Nights | A collection of Middle Eastern stories compiled in Arabic during the Islamic Golden Age. | 10 | |
| 3684260694 | Aristotle | A Greek philosopher and scientist. | 11 | |
| 3684268973 | Ashoka | Mauryan Emperor who built a series of pillars with Buddhist Edicts. | 12 | |
| 3684295969 | Assyrians | One of the major Mesopotamian Kingdoms, named for its original capital. | 13 | |
| 3684298545 | Astrolabe | An Astronomical 'computer' which calculates the user's position based on the position of the Sun and stars. | 14 | |
| 3684316463 | Athens | A city state of Ancient Greece, ruled by a direct democracy of just the land owning men. | 15 | |
| 3684340056 | Atman | Part of the universal Brahman in Hinduism. | 16 | |
| 3684352776 | Aztec | Peoples in Meso-America, specifically central Mexico. | 17 | |
| 3684357247 | Babylon | A city state, and later kingdom, of Ancient Mesopotamia. Home of the Epic of Gilgamesh and Hammurabi. | 18 | |
| 3684362420 | Baghdad | A city in Iraq, which was the intellectual center for the Islamic world. Capital of the Abbasid Caliphate. | 19 | |
| 3684370096 | Battle of Hastings | A battle in 1066 which began the Norman invasion of England. | 20 | |
| 3684384750 | Battle of Tours | A battle in 732, where Charles Martel prevented the Islamic invaders from invading France. | 21 | |
| 3684398643 | Berbers | Ethnic group indigenous to North Africa. | 22 | |
| 3684405408 | Bible | The Christian holy book. | 23 | |
| 3684408749 | Brahmin | The highest caste (priests, teachers of sacred knowledge) in Hinduism. | 24 | |
| 3684418511 | Bubonic Plague | Also known as the Black Death, this plague wiped out one third of the world's population. | 25 | |
| 3684428697 | Buddhism | A spiritual practice that formed as an offshoot of Hinduism. | 26 | |
| 3684438729 | Caliphate | An Islamic state led by a successor to the prophet Mohammed. | 27 | |
| 3684447052 | Carolingian Dynasty | Frankish empire named after Charlemagne. | 28 | |
| 3684467055 | Carthage | A coastal city in northern Africa, whose inhabitants were involved in the Punic Wars. | 29 | |
| 3684475481 | Chaghatai | A khanate ruled by the second son of Ghengis Khan. | 30 | |
| 3684491522 | Charlemagne | The King of the Franks, who united much of Western Europe. He was crowned Holly Roman Emperor by the Pope in Christmas Day in 800. | 31 | |
| 3684518202 | Chavin | An ancient civilization in the Andes in Peru. | 32 | |
| 3684537659 | Chinampas | Man-made islands in a marshy area for farming, Developed in Mesoamerica, in the Valleys of Mexico. | 33 | |
| 3684552117 | Christianity | One of the major world religions. Believers follow the Bible, and believe in the death and Resurrection of Jesus. | 34 | |
| 3684561220 | Chu Hsi | A Song Dynasty Confucian scholar, who led the School of of Principle. | 35 | |
| 3684577972 | City States | Cities in a civilization with their own, independent governments. | 36 | |
| 3684583237 | Confucius | A Chinese teacher, scholar, and philosopher. His teachings were written down in the Analects. | 37 | |
| 3684620933 | Constantine | Was the Emperor of Rome. He instituted Christianity in the Roman Empire. | 38 | |
| 3684639608 | Constantinople | Formerly the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire/Byzantium Empire. Now Istanbul. | 39 | |
| 3684670556 | Corvus | A boarding device used by the Romans on their ships. | 40 | |
| 3684679955 | Crusades | A series of wars declared by the Pope, involving a long trek of bloody massacres. | 41 | |
| 3684696569 | Cuneiform | One of the first 5 writing systems, found in Mesopotamia. | 42 | |
| 3685708878 | Daimyo | One of the great lords, who functioned as a vassal for the shogun. | 43 | |
| 3687277960 | Daoism | A philosophical, religious tradition from China, which entails living in harmony with the namesake of this belief. | 44 | |
| 3687286135 | Fertile Cresent | The area of land between/around the Tigris, Euphrates, and Nile Rivers where some of the first recorded civilizations emerged. | 45 | |
| 3687293800 | Feudalism | The system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands in exchange for military service, while the peasants lived on their lord's land and gave him a share of the produce, in exchange for military protection. | 46 | |
| 3687319780 | Fiefdom | One of the central elements of Feudalism. | 47 | |
| 3687332344 | Five Pillars of Islam | These are the central tenants of being a Muslim. They are: Shahada: A profession of faith Salat: Daily prayer, 5 times a day Zakat: Giving charity Sawm: Fasting during the month of Ramadan Hajj: A pilgrimage to Mecca | 48 | |
| 3687375665 | Flying Money | The first paper currency, originating in China during the Silk Road era. | 49 | |
| 3687379983 | Franks | A group of people in north western Europe. | 50 | |
| 3687381598 | Genghis Khan | A Mongol invader who conquered much on the East. His rule united a large portion of the land. | 51 | |
| 3687463297 | Ghana | One of the great African Empires. | 52 | |
| 3687479401 | Gilgamesh | The story of a hero and his lover, written in Ancient Mesopotamia, in Babylon. This is the first love story, and a story about mortality. | 53 | |
| 3687539771 | Golden Hoarde | A Mongol Khanate established in the 13th century. It expanded into modern day Russia. | 54 | |
| 3687554012 | Griots | Storytellers who maintain an oral tradition in West Africa. | 55 | |
| 3687576747 | Guilds | A Medieval association of craftsmen and merchants. | 56 | |
| 3687598855 | Gupta | One of the empires of Ancient India. It was mostly Hindu. | 57 | |
| 3687601189 | Hammurabi | A king of Babylon who created a comprehensive law code. | 58 | |
| 3687607245 | Han | A Chinese empire, which lasted from 206 BCE to 221 CE. | 59 | |
| 3687640340 | Hanseatic League | A coalition of European countries which controlled trade. | 60 | |
| 3687644709 | Harappan | This civilization formed in the Indus valley. They died out somewhat mysteriously. | 61 | |
| 3687657489 | Harun al Rashid | The fifth Abbasid Caliph. He is the person that the stories in Arabian Nights are told to. | 62 | |
| 3687664976 | Hellenistic | Referring to art or culture brought in by Alexander the Great and his Greek forces. | 63 | |
| 3687667491 | Hieroglyphs | The Egyptian system of writing, which involved pictographs. | 64 | |
| 3687669858 | Hinduism | A religion found mainly in India and Nepal, believing in reincarnation and with an elaborate caste system. | 65 | |
| 3687682864 | Hittites | An Ancient Anatolian peoples. | 66 | |
| 3687692794 | Hominid | The great apes. | 67 | |
| 3687699339 | Homo sapiens | Human beings. | 68 | |
| 3687700522 | Huns | Nomadic peoples from Eastern Europe. Led by Attila, they conquered large portions of Europe. | 69 | |
| 3687708127 | Hunter/Gatherer | A society based on getting food in two methods. | 70 | |
| 3687709694 | Hyksos | A group of Asiatic peoples who took over Egypt during the Middle Kingdom. | 71 | |
| 3687714518 | Ibn Battuta | Medieval Muslim traveler and scholar. | 72 | |
| 3687719187 | Indian Ocean Trade Routes | Trade routes that connected the coasts of Asia and East Africa, going through the Indian Ocean. | 73 | |
| 3687727831 | Indulgences | A way for people to pay their way to heaven. | 74 | |
| 3687733815 | Islam | A monotheistic, Abrahamic religion. The Qur'an (or Koran) is their holy text. | 75 | |
| 3687742644 | Judaism | The original Abrahamic religion. Their holy text is the Tanach, which contains the Torah, the Nevi'im, and the Kethuvim. | 76 | |
| 3687752399 | Khanates | A political entity ruled by a Khan or Khagan. | 77 | |
| 3699098983 | Kongo | A Kingdom in West-Central Africa. | 78 | |
| 3699114925 | Kublai Khan | Fifth Khagan of the Mongol Empire. | 79 | |
| 3699122122 | Li Po | A Chinese poet. Also known as Li Bai. | 80 | |
| 3699136226 | Liege Homage | A Feudal Custom of giving one prince or sovereign some tribute or honor. | 81 | |
| 3699150977 | Lombards | Germanic Peoples. Also known as the Longbeards. | 82 | |
| 3699154978 | Magna Carta | The charter issued by King John of England, saying that everyone, even the king, is subject to the law. | 83 | |
| 3699187083 | Magyars | A group from Eastern Europe. Also known as Hungarians. | 84 | |
| 3699197984 | Mansa Musa | A King from Mali, who made a pilgrimage to Mecca. | 85 | |
| 3699207451 | Mayan | A pre-Colombian civilization in Northern-Central America. | 86 | |
| 3699234859 | Marco Polo | An Italian Merchant who traveled to China and other Central-Asian cultures. | 87 | |
| 3699255129 | Mauryan | A Dynasty in India, which was mainly Buddhist. | 88 | |
| 3699268179 | Mecca | Islam's holiest city. | 89 | |
| 3699276267 | Meroe | An ancient city on the east bank of the Nile. | 90 | |
| 3699281923 | Ming | The Chinese dynasty between the Yuan and the Manhcu/Qing Dynasty. Lasted from 1386 until 1644. | 91 | |
| 3699299977 | Moche | A civilization from northern Peru. | 92 | |
| 3699311242 | Moldboard | A curved iron plate attached above a plowshare to lift and turn the soil. | 93 | |
| 3699317981 | Monasticism | A religious way of life in which one renounces worldly pursuits to devote oneself fully to spiritual work. | 94 | |
| 3699334312 | Mongols | An East-Asian ethnic group. Includes Genghis Khan. | 95 | |
| 3699345182 | Narmer | The first Pharaoh of both Upper and Lower Egypt, which were united under his rule. | 96 | |
| 3699357814 | Neo Confucianism | An offshoot of a Chinese religion, which originated with Han Yu and Li Ao in the Tang Dynasty. | 97 | |
| 3699386612 | Neolithic Revolution | A huge movement where people began to settle down and farm. | 98 | |
| 3699402432 | Olmec | The first major civilization in Mexico. | 99 | |
| 3699416081 | Open Field System | Under this system, each manor or village had two or three large fields, which were divided into many narrow strips of land. The strips were cultivated by individuals or peasant families. One field would be left open to allow for shifting of fields. | 100 | |
| 3699433418 | Ostrogoths | A branch of the later Goths. | 101 | |
| 3699438021 | Paleolithic | The Stone Age. | 102 | |
| 3699444378 | Pastoralism | The branch of agriculture concerned with the raising of livestock. | 103 | |
| 3699452124 | Pillow Book | A book of observations and musings recorded by Sei Shōnagon during her time as court lady to Empress Consort Teishi during the 990s and early 1000s in Heian Japan. | 104 | |
| 3699458722 | Plato | Ancient Greek philosopher who founded the Academy. | 105 | |
| 3699468510 | Primogeniture | Succession belonging to the firstborn child. | 106 | |
| 3699472303 | Punic Wars | A series of three wars between Rome and Carthage. | 107 | |
| 3699477730 | Qing/Manchu | The last Chinese Dynasty before the movement to Communism. Lasted from 1644 until 1912. | 108 | |
| 3699487466 | Quran | The religious text of Islam, which has been claimed to be written by Mohammed. | 109 | |
| 3699498637 | Ramayana | The Indian epic about an Indian King, who is a reincarnation of Vishnu, who attempts to rescue his wife from his mortal foe. | 110 | |
| 3699523507 | Reconquista | A series of wars a battles between Christians and Muslims for control of the Iberian Peninsula. | 111 | |
| 3699535416 | Rig Veda | An ancient Indian collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns. | 112 | |
| 3699539804 | Roman Empire | The government after the Roman Republic, which lasted from 27 BCE until 476 CE. | 113 | |
| 3699541508 | Roman Republic | The government after the Roman Kingdom, which lasted from 509 BCE until 27 CE. | 114 | |
| 3699550823 | Royal Road | An ancient highway reorganized a rebuilt by the Persians. | 115 | |
| 3699566072 | Samurai | A member of the powerful military caste in Japan. | 116 | |
| 3699569541 | Satrap | A governor of an ancient Persian province. | 117 | |
| 3699577518 | Sea Peoples | A confederacy of naval raiders who harried the coastal towns and cities of the Mediterranean region between approximately 1276-1178 BCE. | 118 | |
| 3699585405 | Seljuks | A group of Turks who formed an Empire in the Middle East. The First and Second Crusades were launched against them. | 119 | |
| 3699627508 | Shamanism | A practice that involves a practitioner reaching altered states of consciousness in order to perceive and interact with a spirit world. | 120 | |
| 3699646267 | Shogun | A commander in chief in feudal Japan. | 121 | |
| 3699654346 | Siddhartha | The Buddha's first name. | 122 | |
| 3699658754 | Silk Road | A trade route linking China with the West (including Rome). | 123 | |
| 3699662618 | Slash and Burn | A method of agriculture in which existing vegetation is cut down and burned off before new seeds are sown. | 124 | |
| 3699666685 | Socrates | A Greek philosopher credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy. | 125 | |
| 3699672413 | Songhai | An Empire that was the largest in African history at its peak. | 126 | |
| 3699681896 | Sparta | A Greek city state. It was the dominant land military power. | 127 | |
| 3699690089 | Sui | The Chinese dynasty before the Tang. It lasted from 581 until 618. | 128 | |
| 3699733054 | Sumerian | One of the earliest urban societies to emerge in the world, and an ancient Mesopotamian culture. | 129 | |
| 3699736482 | Sundiata | Prince and founder of the Mali Empire. | 130 | |
| 3699740429 | Sung | The Chinese dynasty before the Yuan. It lasted from 960 until 1279. | 131 | |
| 3699748044 | Tale of the Genji | A classic work of Japanese literature written by the noblewoman and lady-in-waiting Murasaki Shikibu in the early years of the 11th century, around the peak of the Heian period. | 132 | |
| 3699754957 | Tang | The Chinese dynasty before the Sung. It lasted from 618 until 907. | 133 | |
| 3699760283 | Tenochitlan | An Aztec city state in the Valley of Mexico. | 134 | |
| 3699773776 | Teotihuacan | An ancient Meso-American city in a sub valley of the Valley of Mexico. | 135 | |
| 3699785546 | Terrace Farming | A type of farming that consists of different steps of land that were developed in various places around the world. | 136 | |
| 3699793027 | Timbuktu | A historical city of the Mali Empire. | 137 | |
| 3699798205 | Tokugawa Shogunate | The last feudal Japanese military government which existed between 1603 and 1867. | 138 | |
| 3699803785 | Torah | The first five books of the Jewish holy texts, supposedly written by Moses. | 139 | |
| 3699810022 | Vandals | An East Germanic tribe. | 140 | |
| 3699817488 | Vassals | A serf that hold lands in exchange for homage. | 141 | |
| 3699826903 | Vedas | The oldest layer of Sanskrit literature and the oldest scriptures of Hinduism. | 142 | |
| 3699830707 | Vikings | Scandinavian seafaring pirates and traders who raided and settled in many parts of northwestern Europe. | 143 | |
| 3699836683 | Visigoths | Germanic peoples who caused the final collapse of the Roman Empire. | 144 | |
| 3699840922 | Yuan | The Mongol ruled Chinese Dynasty. It lasted from 1271 until 1368. | 145 | |
| 3699844082 | Ziggurats | Ancient Mesopotamian temples, said to house the gods. | 146 | |
| 3699847017 | Zimbabwe | A landlocked country in southern Africa known for its dramatic landscape and diverse wildlife. | 147 | |
| 3699850852 | Zoroastrinism | A dualistic religion of a good god (Ahura Mazda) and an evil god (Angra Mainyu). | 148 | |
| 3803424019 | Absolute Monarchy | A form of government in which the monarch has absolute power among his or her people. | 149 | |
| 3803427826 | Akbar the Great | Mughal Emperor from 1556 until his death. He was the third and one of the greatest rulers of the Mughal Dynasty in India. | 150 | |
| 3803432976 | Bill of Exchange | An unconditional order in writing, addressed by one person to another, signed by the person giving it, requiring the person to whom it is addressed to pay, on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time, a certain sum in money to a specified person. | 151 | |
| 3803444679 | Boyars | A member of the old aristocracy in Russia, next in rank to a prince. | 152 | |
| 3803448393 | British East India Co. | An English, and later British, joint-stock company, formed to pursue trade with the East Indies. | 153 | |
| 3803454545 | Capitalism | An economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state. | 154 | |
| 3803454577 | Caravel | A small, highly maneuverable sailing ship developed in the 15th century by the Portuguese to explore along the West African coast and into the Atlantic Ocean. | 155 | |
| 3803459266 | Colombian Exchange | A period of cultural and biological exchanges between the New and Old Worlds. | 156 | |
| 3803466206 | Cossacks | A group of predominantly East Slavic-speaking people who became known as members of autonomous, semi-military communities, predominantly located in Ukraine and in Russia. | 157 | |
| 3803468336 | Cotton Gin | A device for removing the seeds from cotton fiber. | 158 | |
| 3803470813 | Devshirme | A system that took place under the Ottoman Empire, where the sultan would collect Christian boys from the Balkans and turn them into his slaves. | 159 | |
| 3803486174 | Dutch East India Co. | A chartered company in 1602, with a 21-year monopoly on Dutch spice trade. It is often considered to have been the first multinational corporation in the world and it was the first company to issue stock. | 160 | |
| 3803489785 | Elizabeth I | Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. Sometimes called The Virgin Queen, Gloriana or Good Queen Bess. The fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty. She defended England against the Spanish Armada. | 161 | |
| 3803504487 | Encomendia | A grant by the Spanish Crown to a colonist in America conferring the right to demand tribute and forced labor from the Indian inhabitants of an area. | 162 | |
| 3803507724 | Fly Shuttle | One of the key developments in the industrialization of weaving during the early Industrial Revolution. It allowed a single weaver to weave much wider fabrics. | 163 | |
| 3803516916 | Ivan the Great | Grand Prince of Moscow and Grand Prince of all Rus'. | 164 | |
| 3803519329 | Ivan the Terrible | Grand Prince of Moscow from 1533 to 1547 and Tsar of All the Russias from 1547 until his death in 1584. | 165 | |
| 3803532240 | Janissaries | A member of the Turkish infantry forming the Sultan's guard between the 14th and 19th centuries. | 166 | |
| 3803534571 | Martin Luther | A German theologian who nailed 95 Theses to the door of a church. | 167 | |
| 3803550618 | Mercantilism | The economic theory that trade generates wealth and is stimulated by the accumulation of profitable balances, which a government should encourage by means of protectionism. | 168 | |
| 3803554043 | Middle Passage | The stage of the triangular trade in which millions of Africans were shipped to the New World as part of the Atlantic slave trade. | 169 | |
| 3803560298 | Mughal | An empire based in the Indian Subcontinent, established and ruled by a Muslim Persianate dynasty of Chagatai Turco-Mongol origin. | 170 | |
| 3803565623 | Ottoman | An empire founded in 1299 by Oghuz Turks under Osman I in northwestern Anatolia. | 171 | |
| 3803569001 | Peter the Great | Ruled the Tsardom of Russia and later the Russian Empire from 7 May 1682 until his death. | 172 | |
| 3803574114 | Power Loom | A mechanized loom powered by a line shaft, and was one of the key developments in the industrialization of weaving during the early Industrial Revolution. | 173 | |
| 3803583890 | Romanovs | The second dynasty, after the Rurik dynasty, to rule over Russia, which reigned from 1613 until the abdication of Czar Nicholas II. | 174 | |
| 3803585435 | Safavid | One of the most significant ruling dynasties of Persia after the fall of the Sasanian Empire - following the Muslim conquest of Persia. | 175 | |
| 3803592972 | Serfs | An agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord's estate. | 176 | |
| 3803595429 | Spanish Armada | A Spanish fleet of 130 ships that sailed from A Coruña in August 1588, under the command of the Duke of Medina Sidonia with the purpose of escorting an army from Flanders to invade England. | 177 | |
| 3803611751 | Spinning Jenny | A multi-spindle spinning frame. | 178 | |
| 3803617346 | Steam Engine | An engine that uses the expansion or rapid condensation of steam to generate power. | 179 | |
| 3803619577 | Suleiman the Magnificent | The tenth and longest-reigning Great Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. | 180 | |
| 3803624315 | Treaty of Tordesillas | An agreement between Spain and Portugal aimed at settling conflicts over lands newly discovered or explored by Christopher Columbus and other late 15th-century voyagers. | 181 | |
| 3803627790 | Water Frame | A water-powered spinning frame. | 182 | |
| 3803631156 | Yongle Emperor | The third emperor of the Ming dynasty in China. | 183 | |
| 3803638325 | Zheng Hi | A Hui court eunuch, mariner, explorer, diplomat, and fleet admiral during China's early Ming dynasty. One of the most traveled explorers of his period. | 184 | |
| 4152701895 | American Revolution | Political upheaval against Britain, from 1765 to 1783. | 185 | |
| 4152707358 | Declaration of the Rights of Man | A fundamental document of the French Revolution and in the history of human and civil rights. | 186 | |
| 4152717155 | Declaration of the Rights of Woman | Written in 1791 by French activist, feminist, and playwright Olympe de Gouges in response to the Declaration of the Rights of Man. | 187 | |
| 4152723535 | Estates General | A legislative and consultative assembly of the different classes of French subjects. | 188 | |
| 4152728866 | French Revolution | Political upheaval in France that lasted from 1789 until 1799, which overthrew the monarchy and established a republic. This was a very short lasting change. | 189 | |
| 4152736844 | Glorious Revolution | The overthrow of King James II of England (James VII of Scotland and James II of Ireland) by a union of English Parliamentarians. Also called the Revolution of 1688. | 190 | |
| 4152744233 | Gunpowder Empires | A term used to describe the Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal empires. | 191 | |
| 4152747556 | Hagia Sophia/Sancta Sophia | A former Greek Orthodox Christian patriarchal basilica,, later an imperial mosque in Istanbul, Turkey. It was built in 537. It became a mosque in 1453. | 192 | |
| 4152759099 | Haitian Revolution | A successful anti-slavery and anti-colonial insurrection that took place in the former French colony of Saint Domingue that lasted from 1791 until 1804. | 193 | |
| 4152761395 | Huguenots | French Protestants inspired by the writings of John Calvin in the 1530s. | 194 | |
| 4152768822 | Justinian | A Byzantine emperor from 527 to 565. He sought to revive the empire's greatness and reconquer the lost western half of the historical Roman Empire. | 195 | |
| 4152773974 | Magellan | A Portuguese explorer who organised the Castilian expedition to the East Indies from 1519 to 1522, resulting in the first circumnavigation of the Earth. | 196 | |
| 4152778539 | Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth | A dualistic state, a bi-confederation, of two Eastern European countries ruled by a common monarch. It was one of the largest and most populous countries of 16th- and 17th-century Europe. | 197 | |
| 4152790217 | Reign of Terror | A period of violence that occurred after the onset of the French Revolution, incited by conflict between two rival political factions, and marked by mass executions of "enemies of the revolution". | 198 | |
| 4152794871 | Seven Years War | A war fought between 1755 and 1764, the main conflict occurring in the seven-year period from 1756 to 1763. It involved every great power of the time except the Ottoman Empire, and affected Europe, the Americas, West Africa, India, and the Philippines. It is considered the greatest European war since the Thirty Years War of the 17th century. | 199 | |
| 4152801627 | Single Whip Reform | The Ming Dynasty implenented this in 1581. It ordered that all land taxes in China be paid in silver. | 200 | |
| 4152811441 | Taj Mahal | A mausoleum on the south bank of the Yamuna river in the Indian city of Agra. It was commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan, to house the tomb of his favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal. | 201 | |
| 4152820172 | Timur the Lame | A Turco-Mongol conqueror and the founder of the Timurid Empire in Persia and Central Asia. He was also the first ruler in the Timurid dynasty. | 202 | |
| 4152824734 | Thirty Years War | A series of wars in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648. It was one of the longest, most destructive conflicts in European history. Initially a war between Protestant and Catholic states, it gradually developed into a more general conflict involving most of the great powers of Europe. | 203 | |
| 4152834978 | Zamindars | The landholders of demarcated areas, responsible for collecting revenue for the monarchy and rose into prominence during the British colonial era, owing to the opportunity availed by the British in India. | 204 | |
| 4152837948 | Armenian Genocide | The Ottoman government's systematic extermination of its minority Armenian subjects inside their historic homeland, which lies within the present-day Republic of Turkey. The number of victims is estimated at between 800,000 and 1.5 million. | 205 | |
| 4152843297 | Balkans | A peninsula and a cultural area in Southeast Europe with different and disputed borders. | 206 | |
| 4152848052 | Berlin Conference | This regulated European colonization and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period, and coincided with Germany's sudden emergence as an imperial power. Also known as the Congo Conference or West Africa Conference. | 207 | |
| 4152853853 | Boers | The descendants of the original Dutch settlers of southern Africa. Also known as Afrikaners. | 208 | |
| 4152858331 | Boxer Rebellion | A Chinese secret organization called the Society of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists led an uprising in northern China against the spread of Western and Japanese influence there. | 209 | |
| 4152868630 | Commodore Perry | He served in several wars, most notably in the Mexican-American War and the War of 1812. He played a leading role in the opening of Japan to the West with the Convention of Kanagawa in 1854. | 210 | |
| 4152881831 | Communism | A social, political, and economic ideology and movement whose ultimate goal is the establishment of the specific society, which is a socioeconomic order structured upon the common ownership of the means of production and the absence of social classes, money, and the state. | 211 | |
| 4152887784 | Congo Free State | A large state in Central Africa that was in personal union with the Kingdom of Belgium under Leopold II. | 212 | |
| 4152892050 | Dhimmi | Specific non-Muslim individuals living in Muslim lands, who were granted special status and safety in Islamic law in return for paying the capital tax. | 213 | |
| 4152897737 | Hong Xiuquan | The leader of the Taiping Rebellion against the Qing Dynasty, establishing the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom over varying portions of southern China, with himself as the "Heavenly King" and self-proclaimed brother of Jesus Christ. | 214 | |
| 4152901861 | Influenza Epidemic | The pandemic of 1918-1919 killed more people than the Great War, known today as World War I (WWI), at somewhere between 20 and 40 million people. | 215 | |
| 4152905606 | Mahdi Rebellion | A British colonial war of the late 19th century, which was fought between the Mahdist Sudanese of the religious leader Muhammad Ahmad bin Abd Allah, and the forces of the Khedivate of Egypt, initially, and later the forces of Britain. | 216 | |
| 4152912243 | Meiji Restoration | A chain of events that restored practical imperial rule to Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji. | 217 | |
| 4152916745 | Moro Rebellion | An armed conflict between Moro indigenous ethnic groups and the United States military which took place in the southern Philippines but was unconnected to the Spanish-American War in 1898. | 218 | |
| 4152919278 | Napoleon | A French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the Revolutionary Wars. | 219 | |
| 4152924077 | Opium Wars | Two wars in the mid-19th century involving Anglo-Chinese disputes over British trade in China and China's sovereignty. | 220 | |
| 4152927357 | Pact of Umar | A treaty between the Muslims and the Christians of either Syria, Mesopotamia or Jerusalem that later gained a canonical status in Islamic jurisprudence. The pact contains a list of rights and restrictions on non-Muslims. | 221 | |
| 4152934008 | Scramble for Africa | The invasion, occupation, division, colonization and annexation of African territory by European powers during the period of New Imperialism, between 1881 and 1914. | 222 | |
| 4152936720 | Sepoy Rebellion | A rebellion in India against the rule of the British East India Company, that ran from May 1857 to June 1858. The rebellion began as a mutiny of sepoys of the East India Company's army. | 223 | |
| 4152942094 | Shaka Zulu | One of the most influential monarchs of the Zulu Kingdom. | 224 | |
| 4152948695 | Socialism | A range of economic and social systems characterized by social ownership and democratic control of the means of production; as well as the political ideologies, theories, and movements that aim at their establishment. | 225 | |
| 4152951937 | Social Darwanism | A name given to various theories of society which emerged in the United Kingdom, North America, and Western Europe in the 1870s, and which claim to apply biological concepts of natural selection and survival of the fittest to sociology and politics. | 226 | |
| 4152955292 | Spanish American War | A conflict in 1898 between Spain and the United States, the result of U.S. intervention in the Cuban War of Independence. | 227 | |
| 4152959103 | Spanish Flu | The influenza of 1918-1919. | 228 | |
| 4152963982 | Suez Canal | An artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea. | 229 | |
| 4152969173 | Tanzimat Reforms | A series of reforms in the Ottoman Empire that brought the culture, education, religion and society more in line with Europe and the United States and western ways. | 230 | |
| 4152970843 | Treaty of Nanking | Signed on 29 August 1842 to mark the end of the First Opium War (1839-42) between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the Qing Dynasty of China. | 231 | |
| 4152979585 | White Man's Burden | A poem by the English poet Rudyard Kipling. It was described by Senator Henry Cabot as "rather poor poetry, but good sense from the expansion point of view". | 232 | |
| 4153002313 | Young Turks | The perpetrators of the Armenian Genocide. Their movement emerged in reaction to the absolutist rule of Sultan Abdul-Hamid II. | 233 | |
| 4153010572 | Zimmerman Letter/Zimmerman Telegram | An internal diplomatic communication issued from the German Foreign Office in January, 1917 that proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico in the event of the United States' entering World War I against Germany. | 234 | |
| 4153015102 | Zionism | A nationalist and political movement of Jews and Jewish culture that emerged in the 19th century, and supports the re-establishment of a Jewish homeland in the territory defined as the historic Land of Israel (roughly corresponding to Palestine, Canaan or the Holy Land). | 235 | |
| 4153020032 | Zulu Wars | A war fought in 1879 between the British Empire and the Zulu Kingdom. | 236 | |
| 4153123462 | Cixi | A Chinese empress dowager and regent who effectively controlled the Chinese government in the late Qing dynasty for 47 years from 1861 until her death in 1908. | 237 |
