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| 7390832458 | Big Geography | would be study of the history of the world as a physical object with its many constantly changing parts. | 0 | |
| 7390837637 | Paleolithic era | prehistoric period of human history distinguished by the development of the most primitive stone tools and covers roughly 95% of human technological prehistory. | 1 | |
| 7390851989 | Savanna | a grassy plain in tropical and subtropical regions, with few trees. | 2 | |
| 7390862864 | Desert | barren area of landscape where little precipitation occurs and consequently living conditions are hostile for plant and animal life | 3 | |
| 7390879696 | Tundra | a vast, flat, treeless Arctic region of Europe, Asia, and North America in which the subsoil is permanently frozen. | 4 | |
| 7390883448 | hunting-foraging bands | are very small communities based on kinship that hunt and gather for food, while being politically independent. | 5 | |
| 7390892248 | Neolithic Revolution | wide-scale transition of many human cultures from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering to one of agriculture and settlement | 6 | |
| 7390902510 | Early Agricultural Societies | Paleolithic man made one of the most important discoveries that humans have ever made: that every plant has the ability to reproduce itself. | 7 | |
| 7390910657 | Ice Age | a glacial episode during a past geological period. | 8 | |
| 7390917614 | settled agriculture | Agriculture like farming or permanent agriculture. | 9 | |
| 7390943815 | intensive cultivation | involves various types of agriculture with higher levels of input and output per unit of agricultural land area. | 10 | |
| 7391599497 | irrigation systems | complex combinations of canals, channels, and hoses. | 11 | |
| 7394533389 | water control systems | Public water system is a regulatory term used in the United States and Canada, referring to certain utilities and organizations providing drinking water. | 12 | |
| 7394548135 | domesticated animals | to live and breed in a tame condition and depend on humankind for survival. | 13 | |
| 7394576142 | domesticated plants | the process of changing plants to make them more useful to human beings and then purposely raising them as crops. | 14 | |
| 7394586217 | patriarchy (patriarchal social organizations) | a system of society or government in which the father or eldest male is head of the family and descent is traced through the male line. | 15 | |
| 7402192708 | forced labor systems | situations in which persons are coerced to work through the use of violence or intimidation, or by more subtle means such as accumulated debt, retention of identity papers or threats of denunciation to immigration authorities. | 16 | |
| 7402290352 | society | the aggregate of people living together in a more or less ordered community. | 17 | |
| 7402343179 | pastoralism | is the branch of agriculture concerned with the raising of livestock. | 18 | |
| 7402475023 | permanent agricultural villages | A permanent villages built on the concept of agriculture and growing crops. | 19 | |
| 7405281515 | eastern Mediterranean | The Eastern Mediterranean is a sub region of the Mediterranean Basin around the eastern Mediterranean Sea located in Western Asia, Southeastern Europe, and eastern North Africa. | 20 | |
| 7409906109 | Mesopotamia in the Tigris and Euphrates River Valleys | Two major rivers that travel through the middle east. | 21 | |
| 7409944507 | Egypt in the Nile River Valley | The Nile is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa. It is commonly regarded as the longest river in the world, though other conflicting sources cite a 2007 study that gave the title to the Amazon River in South America. | 22 | |
| 7409976293 | Mohenjo-daro and Harappa in the Indus River Valley | The civilization of the Indus River at Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa arose at about 2500 BCE and ended with apparent destruction about 1500 BCE. It is uncertain whether this civilization had its roots in Sumer or Sumer had its roots in this civilization. | 23 | |
| 7410027220 | Shang in the Yellow River (or Huang He) Valley | Originating in the Bayan Har Mountains in Qinghai province of western China, it flows through nine provinces, and it empties into the Bohai Sea near the city of Dongying in Shandong province. | 24 | |
| 7410097926 | Olmec in Mesoamerica | The Olmec culture thrived along Mexico's gulf coast from roughly 1200 to 400 B.C. Best known today for their carved colossal heads, the Olmecs were an important early Mesoamerican civilization which had much influence on later cultures such as the Aztecs and the Maya. | 25 | |
| 7410123540 | Chavin in Andean South America | The Chavín culture is an extinct, prehistoric civilization, named for Chavín de Huantar, the principal archaeological site at which its artifacts have been found. The culture developed in the northern Andean highlands of Peru from 900 BCE to 200 BCE. It extended its influence to other civilizations along the coast. | 26 | |
| 7410126821 | Andes | The Andes, running along South America's western side, is among the world's longest mountain ranges. Its varied terrain encompasses glaciers, volcanoes, grassland, desert, lakes and forest. | 27 | |
| 7410146399 | Sub-Saharan Africa | Sub-Saharan Africa is, geographically, the area of the continent of Africa that lies south of the Sahara | 28 | |
| 7410177377 | Papua New Guinea | . A country of immense cultural and biological diversity, it's known for its beaches and coral reefs. Inland are active volcanoes, granite Mt. Wilhelm, dense rainforest and hiking routes like the Kokoda Trail. There are also traditional tribal villages, many with their own languages. | 29 | |
| 7412461490 | Afro-Eurasian grasslands | Pastoralism developed at various sites in the grasslands of Afro-Eurasia. Different crops or animals were domesticated in the various core regions, depending on available local flora & fauna. ... numbers of animals on fragile grasslands, leading to erosion when overgrazed. | 30 | |
| 7412549275 | overgrazed | graze (grassland) so heavily that the vegetation is damaged and the ground becomes liable to erosion. | 31 | |
| 7412575508 | specialization of labor | Specialization of labor is a powerful force in an economy, benefiting small and large businesses alike. | 32 | |
| 7412613079 | classes | the system of ordering a society in which people are divided into sets based on perceived social or economic status. | 33 | |
| 7412646127 | artisans | a worker in a skilled trade, especially one that involves making things by hand. | 34 | |
| 7412674621 | warriors | a brave or experienced soldier or fighter. | 35 | |
| 7412686702 | elites | a select part of a group that is superior to the rest in terms of ability or qualities. | 36 | |
| 7412709091 | urban societies | a society that is typical of modern industrial civilization and heterogeneous in cultural tradition, that emphasizes secular values, and that is individualized rather than integrated —contrasted with folk society. | 37 | |
| 7412740413 | first civilizations | Civilizations can be seen as networks of cities that emerge from pre-urban cultures and are defined by the economic, political, military, diplomatic, social and cultural interactions among them. Any organization is a complex social system and a civilization is a large organization. The Persian civilization. Ancient Greek Civilization. Chinese Civilization. ... Mayan Civilization. Ancient Egyptian civilization. ... Indus Valley Civilization. Mesopotamian Civilization. | 38 | |
| 7412802814 | agricultural surpluses | An agricultural production that exceeds the needs of the society for which it is being produced, and may be exported or stored for future times. | 39 | |
| 7412838121 | specialization of labor | Specialization of labor is a powerful force in an economy, benefiting small and large businesses alike. | 40 | |
| 7412844507 | political bureaucracies | refers to both a body of non-elective government officials and an administrative policy-making group. Historically, a bureaucracy was a government administration managed by departments staffed with non-elected officials. | 41 | |
| 7412875920 | religious hierarchies | A religion in which a central authority exercises a high degree of control | 42 | |
| 7412903130 | stratified social hierarchies | Social stratification refers to a system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy. | 43 | |
| 7421497344 | long-distance trading relationships | In some societies people had been procuring or producing goods for long-distance trade—or providing goods or services to sustain it, or trading to the East Coast—for decades or even a century. | 44 | |
| 7421529796 | nomadic pastoralists | Nomadic pastoralism is a form of pastoralism when livestock are herded in order to find fresh pastures on which to graze. | 45 | |
| 7421845911 | Hittites | The Hittites were an Ancient Anatolian people who established an empire centered on Hattusa in north-central Anatolia around 1600 BC. | 46 | |
| 7421898968 | monumental architecture | monument is a type of structure that was explicitly created to commemorate a person or event, or which has become important to a social group as a part of their remembrance of historic times or cultural heritage, or as an example of historic architecture. | 47 | |
| 7421924762 | urban planning | Image result for urban planning Urban planning is a technical and political process concerned with the development and use of land, planning permission, protection and use of the environment, public welfare, and the design of the urban environment, including air, water, and the infrastructure passing into and out of urban areas | 48 | |
| 7421973795 | Record keeping | The maintenance of a history of one's activities, as financial dealings, by entering data in ledgers or journals | 49 | |
| 7422059047 | legal codes | A code of law, also called a law code or legal code, is a type of legislation that purports to exhaustively cover a complete system of laws or a particular area of law as it existed at the time the code was enacted, by a process of codification. | 50 | |
| 7422079950 | Vedic religion | The historical Vedic religion (also known as Vedism, Brahmanism, Vedic Brahmanism, and ancient Hinduism) was the religion of the Indo-Aryans of northern India during the Vedic period. | 51 | |
| 7422112702 | Hebrew monotheism | is one of the oldest monotheistic religions in the world. | 52 | |
| 7422135526 | Zoroastrianism | Zoroastrianism is one of the world's oldest monotheistic religions. It was founded by the Prophet Zoroaster in ancient Iran approximately 3500 years ago. | 53 |
