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| 3712341591 | Motives for European Exploration | the crusades, demand for luxury items, to break italian and muslim monopolies, fuedalism over adventure, curiosty, to spraad christianity, and to find alternate routes to asia. | 0 | |
| 3712341592 | Technology of European Exploration | Better maps, better ships, magnetic compasses, sextants, astrolabes, quadrants, rudders, and the caravel ship | 1 | |
| 3712341593 | European Explorers | Christopher Columbus, Ferdinand Magellan, Prince Henry, Fernao Gomes, Bartolomeau Dias, Vasco da Gama, and Pedro Cabral | 2 | |
| 3712341594 | Christopher Columbus | 1492-1502 He sailed west to find the east and discovered America without knowing it. later took 4 voyages to come back to America and became the governor of a colony | 3 | |
| 3712341595 | European Exploration of Pacific | During the 1400s and 1500s European explorers, inspired by greed, gold, glory, curiosity, and many previously unknown lands | 4 | |
| 3712341596 | Commercial Revolution | Inflation began because of too many gold coins, and capitalists and entrepreneurs take advantage | 5 | |
| 3712341597 | Mercantilism | the economic system with the government encouraging trade through establishment colonies for raw materials and markets, gold, maintenance of s favorable balance of trade, export more than import, and use of tariffs. wealth is fixed so countries want to buy low and sell high to get a bigger cut | 6 | |
| 3712341598 | Trading Post Empires | Began in the 16th century by the Portuguese. instead of conquering an entire nation, European stated would establish these in an attempt to force merchant vessels to call at fortified trading sites and pay duties there | 7 | |
| 3712341599 | Joint-stock Company | A voluntary association of individuals for profit, having its capital divided intro transferable shares, the ownership of which is the condition of membership. | 8 | |
| 3712341600 | Spanish Conquest of Americas | Cortes conquered the Aztecs, and Pizarro kills the Incas leader and captured them, then the Spanish conquered the Muslims and forced them into their way of living and treated the native very badly, but the one place that they couldn't get was Brazil, which the Portuguese got instead | 9 | |
| 3712341601 | Spanish Conquest of Manila | Legaspl sends an expedition under the leadership of the Martin De Goiti to Manila. Manila is ruled by Rajah Suliman, who waged war against the Spanish and then loses to their leader, De Gioti | 10 | |
| 3712341602 | Colombian Exchange | The value of gold and silver from Spanish America rises from 1516-1596 then went down again. from South America to Eurasia was given tomatoes, potatoes, maize, and syphilis. Eurasia to Africa was guns, liquor, and trinkets. then from Africa to South America was coffee beans, sugar cane, horses, smallpox, Malaria, measles, Tyhus, Flu, Whooping Cough, and Diptheria | 11 | |
| 3712341603 | Spanish Colonial Empire in the Americas | one of the first global empires lasted over 300 years, it extended across most of the Americas and into Asia by the 16th century | 12 | |
| 3712341604 | Christianity in the Americas | introduced to North America as it was colonized by Europeans beginning in the 16th and 17th centuries. because the Spanish were the first Europeans to establish settlements on the mainland of the North America, the earliest Christians in the territory which would eventually become the United States were Roman Catholics | 13 | |
| 3712341605 | Colonial North America | Indian population was the majority, population growth of the British Colonies their push westward was the main concern. | 14 | |
| 3712341606 | Seven Years War | 1755-1764 essentially comprised two struggles. one centered on the maritime and colonial conflict between Britain and its Bourbon enemies, France and Spain; the second, on the conflict between Fredrick II (the great) of Prussia and his opponents: Austria, France, Russia, and Sweden | 15 | |
| 3715177401 | Encomiendo System | a dependency relation system, that started in Spain during the Roman Empire, where the stronger people protected the weakest in exchange for a service. It was later used during the Spanish colonization of the Americas | 16 | |
| 3715177402 | Haciendas | large estates or plantations with a dwelling house, originating with Spanish colonization in the 16th century | 17 | |
| 3715177403 | Repartimiento System | Instated to substitute the Encomienda system that had come to be seen as abusive and promoting unethical behavior. it wasn't slavery, but being free in various respects other than in the dispensation of his or her labor, and the work was intermittent | 18 | |
| 3715177404 | sugar in Colonial Latin America | Native Americans and Africans were enslaved to work on sugar cane plantation, and they were in terrible conditions that shortened their lifespans greatly. it started as cane, boiled into syrup and then crystallized to be turned into rum. Spain benefited greatly from this production | 19 | |
| 3715177405 | Silver in Colonial Latin America | Was the single product most responsible for the beginning of world trade. discovered in the Americas, and made the Spanish powerful and able to buy long term debt. Mita system developed which forced labor into silver, gold, and Mercury mines | 20 | |
| 3754642082 | Indentured Labor | contracted people to work for periods of time in exchange for travel, shelter, and food. some volunteered, criminals forced, and kidnapped children did it | 21 | |
| 3754642083 | Songhai Empire | Sunni Ali, Muhammad Toure, and Askia Dourd were all leaders of this empire that lasted from 1461-1591 and was one of the last and largest of the Sundanese empires. Eventually failed to adapt to the changing political atmosphere, and was defeated by Morocco | 22 | |
| 3754642084 | Timbuktu | the legendary city of gold from the 11th century, was conquered by Mali and then became an important link between West and East Africa. Flourished because of its trade of salt, gold, ivory, and slaves | 23 | |
| 3754642085 | Kingdom of Kongo | centralized state, military, judicial, and financial affairs. textiles, weapons, advisors and artisans brought in exchange for gold and copper. kings appealed for limits on slaves, and converted to Christianity. | 24 | |
| 3754642086 | Slavery in Africa | In west Africa the slavery system resembled feudalism, and were used as a resource not a trade commodity. Islamic traders exported slaves through the 8th-11th century. slaves were carried to America and used in triangular trade, and the middle passage | 25 | |
| 3754642087 | Atlantic Slave Trade | slave trade had been established but now expanded dramatically. the triangular trade route took place as well as use of the middle passage | 26 | |
| 3793537139 | Impact of Atlantic slave trade in Africa | some states were hit very hard, while others escaped it through resistance and geography. other societies benefited from selling slaves, trading and operating exports | 27 | |
| 3793537140 | African diaspora | refers to the communities throughout the world that are descended from the historic movement of the people's from Africa, predominately to the Americas, Europe, Asia, and the Middle East, among other areas around the globe. | 28 | |
| 3793537141 | abolition of slavery | a major part in this was the Underground Railroad that Africans traveled to get away from slavery. the south had a high disposition to the abolition of slavery. the civil war was fought mainly over slavery, and it ended with president Abraham Lincoln | 29 | |
| 3793537142 | Martin Luther | was the leader got the anti-segregation movement and made many speeches and boycotts against it. he was an inspiration and eventually got a Nobel Peace price for all his work and then got shot and killed by James Earl Gray | 30 | |
| 3805757745 | Protestant Reformation | the religious reform movement that divided the church into Catholic and Protestant groups. Erasmus laid the egg that Luther hatched. Commoners believed that upper levels of the church were wealthy and oppressive. | 31 | |
| 3805757746 | Counter-reformation | an advance by the church to get back the loyalty from the church members. it extended from the 1530s to the end of the 16th century bathe council of Trent did many things and banned stuff during this time because they were suspicious of the church musicians. | 32 | |
| 3805757747 | Holy Roman Empire | a country that existed from 800 to 1806 and played an important role in Central European politics while having an allegiance with the Catholic Church. eventually lost their imperial cities to the French, Turkish, then lost the rest | 33 | |
| 3805757748 | thirty years war | initially a religious war fought in Europe. Germany was devastated. occurred because Ferdinand II tried to curtail the religious activities which sparked the Protestant rebellion. Europe, Sweden, France, Austria, the superpowers, were a part of it | 34 | |
| 3805757749 | European balance of power | railroads and steamboats are prominent in 1850 and continue to be. steel, chemical and technology industries are grown, and dynamite is invented. world trade grows significantly and population increases. labor unions and movement comes up | 35 | |
| 3805757750 | absolution | in the Christian religion, w pronouncement of remission of sins to the penitent. in Roman Catholicism, penance is a sacrament and the power to absolve lies with the priest, who can grant release from the guilt of sin to the sinner who is truly contrite, confesses his sin, and promises to perform satisfaction to God. | 36 | |
| 3805757751 | King Henry VIII of England | ruled England after his father and older brother died. wanted to control France and Scotland, so he went to war but didn't win. had six different wives, but was obese and became ill of different things and died at age of 56 | 37 | |
| 3805757752 | King Louis XIV of France | had the palace of Versailles as a monument of his power. his expensive ears and lifestyle left little in the bank treasury. he was the model for the absolute monarchs and the patron for art | 38 | |
| 3805757753 | English Civil War: Causes | had money problems because of their debt from wars with Spain, and the English monarchs had to deal with puritans who did not want to be apart of the church | 39 | |
| 3805757754 | English Civil War: Results | it was afterwards written into law that no state can leave the union; the south was virtually destroyed; the vast majority of slaves were freed (those who were in the confederate states); afterwards blacks were awarded citizenship; the south became industrialized after the war with the arrival of the Yankee carpetbaggers; and the old antebellum, plantation based south was essentially wiped off the map. the federal government now ranked supreme, and put an end to the idea of secession. the federal government could now override southern legislation | 40 | |
| 3805757755 | scientific revolution: causes | beginning in the 17th century, scientists began to challenge the validity of classical ideas, the questioning spirit of the renaissance and the reformation reflected the growing secularization of the European society. throughout the Middle Ages, geocentrism was supported by the church and then in mid 1500s Copernicus proved heliocentrism. his work inspired many | 41 | |
| 3805757756 | Scientific Revolution: scientists | Galileo: math/astronomy, improved the telescope and helped prove heliocentrism. Newton: math, made theory of gravity. Descartes: math, philosopher, scientist, and focused on reason | 42 | |
| 3805757757 | Deism | belief system that recognizes that a powerful God played a role in the creation of the universe. emerged in the wake of the scientific revolution and has a clear focus on an orderly universe based on nature and reason. late 17th century, w: Thomas Jefferson | 43 | |
| 3805757758 | the enlightenment | aka the age of reason. the application of natural laws and reasoning led to new thinking in regard to human behavior. in Europe in the 17/18th centuries, thinkers began to reject classic ideas to government. John Locke, baron de Montesquieu, Voltaire were important. made people question government and absolutism | 44 | |
| 3805757759 | enlightenment thinkers | John Locke: believed in consent of the governed, and government should protect personal rights. Baron de Montesquieu believed in checks, in balance, and 3 branches of government. Voltaire believed in freedom of speech/religious toleration. Jean-Jacques Rousseau: French philosopher believed that while firming governments people must give up their own interest for the good of all | 45 | |
| 3805757760 | Impact of enlightenment | enlightenment ideas were unpopular w/ government people. Maria Theresa of Austria and Catherine the Great of Russia used their power to make political changes (building hospitals, schools) late 18th and early 19th century enlightenment ideas played an important role in the American and French Revolutions. the the Latin American wars for independence | 46 | |
| 3805757761 | Matteo Ricci | a Jesuit scholar from Europe who went to the Ming court in the late 1500s was the representative of western efforts to bring Christianity to the east and the hopes of missionaries to win the approval of the Chinese emperors. missionaries brought new scientific/math to the imperial court. Ming emperors generally welcomed missionaries, and they were successful at converting people | 47 | |
| 3808747655 | Ming dynasty: social snd cultural changes | the revival of civil service exams encouraged the creation of an extensive scholar-bureaucrat class (was responsible for governing the empire). restoration of Confucian traditions encouraged the subordination of women (making their lives more tightly controlled) widows were discouraged from remarrying, and foot binding became more popular for lower class. the Chinese novels gain in popularity led to an increase of literacy. | 48 | |
| 3808747656 | Ming economic growth | 49 | ||
| 3808747657 | single whip tax system | policy put forth by the Ming in 1570s requiring a single national tax and that all taxes be paid in the form of silver, including taxes from tributary states. this made global implications and demand for silver. silver came from Japan and the Americas, making profits for Spain and Japan | 50 | |
| 3808747658 | the great wall | built in the 14th through the 17th centuries A.D., during the Ming dynasty (1368-1644). originally conceived by emperor Qin Shi Huang (c. 259-210) in the third century B.C. as a means of preventing incursions from barbarian nomads into the Chinese empire | 51 | |
| 3808747659 | forbidden city | imperial palace which was the home to twenty-four Chinese emperors over 491 years between 1420 and 1911. the forbidden city is now known as the palace museum. surrounded by a moat 3,800 meters long and 53 meters wife. intruders were discouraged by guards in watchtowers and bow and arrows. | 52 | |
| 3808747660 | Qing Dynasty | called the empire of the great Qing, or the Manchu dynasty, was the last imperial dynasty of China. ruling from 1644-1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. under the corrupt ruling of the later rulers, various rebellions and uprisings broke out. in 1840 when the Opium War broke out the Qing court was faced with troubles at home and aggression from abroad. during that period, measures were adopted by imperial rulers and some radical peasants to bolster their power | 53 | |
| 3808747661 | Tokugawa period: isolation | the Portuguese arrived in Japan, 1453 and made a commercial relationship w/ 2 nations. new products were introduced to Japan sword were no match for the new firearms. Christian missionaries came in mid 1500s hoping to convert the Japanese. the shoguns banned guns and swords and began to restrict contact w/ foreigners. a series of seclusion acts were passed to ban missionary activities and the religion. by the 1640s foreign trade was forbidden except for some Dutch and Chinese trade. Japanese were forbidden to travel abroad and no one was let in. was relatively peaceful time and was known as pax Tokugawa | 54 | |
| 3808747662 | Tokugawa period: political change | the unification of Japan in the late 1500s left it the establishment of a military government led by shogun which brought nearly 300 years of peace and stability policies promoted isolation and regulated contact w/ foreigners. shoguns tried to centralize their authority and stability. shoguns took power away from the daimyo daimyo estates were broken up, court appearances were mandatory they needed permission to marry or repair their castles | 55 | |
| 3808747663 | Tokugawa period: social and economic changes | peace/stability in this period brought great changes. the samurai and daimyo classes concentrated in wealth, new endeavors and art. new crops led to population increase. as cities and trade grew, merchant class benefitted cities were centers of new cultural traditions. including the new kabuki theater | 56 | |
| 3808747664 | Ottoman Empire: rise and exploration | by the 1400s the Byzantine empire had been in decline for 2 centuries and faced a threat from the ottomans ( a nomadic group who migrated from Central Asia to Asia Minor) in 1453 the ottomans surrounded Constantinople and after a 2 month siege they won the city. they expanded and by the 1500s had made the largest empire in the Middle East and Europe. suleiman the great ruled from 1520-1566 this time was considered a golden age | 57 | |
| 3808747665 | suleiman the magnificent | as sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1520/-1566 he expanded the empire into Southern Europe and created and efficient centralized bureaucracy. modernized the emote am known as the lawgiver for improving the legal system the laws were based on sharia, Islamic law. he was a great patron of the arts and was known for his religious tolerance | 58 | |
| 3808747666 | Millet system | developed to protect the rights g the tolerated clients of the Muslim community as Ahl al-dhimmi as designated people of the book in Quran and institutionalize dagger the fall of Constantinople by sultan Mehmet II in 1453 the great expanse of the Ottoman Empire also leaves room for each community geographically and culturally to inexpert and implement the rules and regulations of the empire differently if they were respected at all this applies not only to the term but to the millet system as well | 59 | |
| 3808747667 | janissaries | ottoman infantry division, forcibly conscripted as young boys became military slaves used military strength to influence politics inhibited ottoman reform | 60 | |
| 3808747668 | Safavid empire | 1500-1722 one of the three great Islamic empires of the 16th and 17th centuries, based in today's Iran, important capital city of Isfahan shi'ism became a state religion under the Safavid empire and remains so to this day | 61 | |
| 3808747669 | Mughal empire | located in India kingdom center was Delphi established by Muslim Turks, both Hindu and Islamic civilizations, Muslim rulers, Hindu subjects, built the Taj Mahal new religion created called divine faith introduced the dome and arch, brought porcelain paper and gunpowder from China to India | 62 | |
| 3808747670 | Akbar the great | ruled the Mughal empire his accomplishments include bringing peace and order to Indian encouraging religious rolerance with Hindu and Muslims created divine faith religion which combined Hindu Christian and Islamic beliefs and he repealed taxes on Hindus | 63 | |
| 3808747671 | Taj Mahal | built by Mughal emperor shah Jahan in India was made as a mausoleum for his 3rd wife | 64 | |
| 3808747672 | British economic interests in India | they wanted financial gains to civilize the savages and to spread Christianity with missionaries they wanted to create monopolies on trade trade goods so they set up factories for manufacture of goods they won power and wealth by assisting Indian leaders with their armed forces wanted to give the people of India a stable and liberal government that was up to European standards | 65 | |
| 3808747673 | Russian empire | after breaking free of the Mongol control in the late 1400s, muscovite princes began to take control over much of Russia eliminating the authority of local princes Ivan III a grand prince of Moscow developed a policy that encouraged Cossacks peasants to settle in the lands that he had conquered Niven centralized his authority claimed divine right to rule and named Hines czar Moscow was established as the capital of the new Russian empire | 66 | |
| 3808747674 | Ivan the terrible | crowned as the first tsar of russiavhe controlled the largest nation on earth but in his later years, executed thousands and in rage killed his own son | 67 | |
| 3808747675 | the romanovs | they ruled for 300 years they were a constitutional monarch Rasputin and Anastasia | 68 | |
| 3808747676 | westernization | includes industrialization urbanization technically rational modes of though mass education mass communication a centralized nation state impact included development of method means of transportation industrialized of economy unemployment increase spread of scientific and technical education and more mobilization and less institutionalize for | 69 | |
| 3808747677 | Peter the great | he introduced new western technologies to Russia was successful in battle against the rules and the great northern war against Sweden he implemented several internal reforms modified government policies and enforced them increased Russia's territory and built st. Petersburg | 70 | |
| 3808747678 | St. Petersburg | located on the Baltic Sea it was established as the capital of the Russian empire by Peter the great served as a visible symbol of Russia's efforts to modernize as well as of the absolute authority of the czar also known as the window to the west the city welcomed Western Europeans and their knowledge of science and technology | 71 | |
| 3808747679 | Catherine the great | a Russian Czarina 1764-1796 whe continued Peter the greats policy of modernization while ensuring the absolute authority of the monarch continuing to expand the empire she gained land from the Ottoman Empire and took control of Alaska gained access to a warm water port a goal never realized by Pepe and took control of Portland known as sm enlightened despot she built schools and hospitals and was tolerant of the different religions | 72 | |
| 3808747680 | serfdom in Russia | as the result of unpaid debts many peasants were forced into serfdom serfdom provided s labor force for the agrarian based economy serfs we laborers who were tied to the land and although not slaves they could be sold. czars passed laws limiting the fights of serfs in large part to gain the favor of nobility | 73 | |
| 3808747681 | caravels | larger, stronger and faster ships built by the Portuguese | 74 | |
| 3808747682 | printing press | Impact information spread faster bibles were spread more people practice religion and questioning church | 75 |
