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AP World History Flashcards

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5622675614laissez-faire economicsEuropean economic policy of the 16th - 18th centuries that held that there was a limited amount of wealth available; key to the attainment of wealth was the acquisition of colonies0
5622675615indulgencea document whose purchase was said to grant the bearer the forgiveness of sins1
5622675616scientific revolutionEuropean intellectual movement in the 17th century that established the basis for modern science2
5622675617parliamentary monarchya govt with a king/queen whose power is limited by the power of parliament3
5622675618factoran agent with trade privileges in early Russia4
5622675619taj mahalwhite marble mausoleum built in Agra, India, by the mogul emperor shah Japan for his favorite wife5
5622675620mercantilismeconomic concept that holds that the govt shouldn't interfere with or regulate business and industries6
5622675621creolesa term used in colonial Spanish America to describe a person born in the Americas of European parents7
5622675622northwest passagepassage through the North America continent that was sought early by explorers to North America as a route to trade with the east8
5622675623enlightenmenta philosophical movement in 18th century Europe that was based on reason and the concept that education and training could improve human society9
5622675624viceroyaltya political unit ruled by a viceroy that was the basis of organization of the Spanish colonies10
5622675625encomiendaa practice in the Spanish colonies that granted land and the labor of native Americans on that land to European colonists11
5622675626devshirmepractice of the Ottoman Empire to take Christian boys from their home communities to serve as janissaries12
5622675627caravelsmall, easily steerable ship used by the Spanish and Portuguese in their explorations13
5622675628protestant reformationreligious movement began by matin Luther in 1517 that attempted to reform the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church; resulted from the formation of new Christian denominations14
5622675629capitalisman economic system based on private ownership and opportunity for profit making15
5622675630northern renaissanceextension of the Italian Renaissance to the nations of Northern Europe; the northern Renaissance took on a more religious nature than the Italian Renaissance16
5622675631philosophiesFrench enlightenment social thinkers17
5622675632mulattoin Spanish and Portuguese colonies a person of mixed African and European descent18
5622675633divine rightthe belief of absolute rulers that their right to govern is granted by god19
5622675634treaty of tordesillasthe 1494 treaty in which the pope divided unexplored territories between Spain and portugal20
5622675635sovereigntyself rule21
5622675636cossacksRussians who conquered and settled Siberia in the 16th and 17th centuries22
5622675637boyarsRussian nobility23
5622675638mughal dynastyrulers who controlled most of India in the 16th and 17th centuries24
5622675639absolute monarchyrule by a king/queen who's power is not limited25
5622675640natural lawsprinciples that govern nature26
5622675641manchuspeople from northeastern Asia who founded China's Qing dynasty27
5622675642members of the society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic missionary and educational order founded by Ignacio's of Loyola in 153428
5622675643janissariesmembers of the ottoman army, often slaves, who were taken from Christian lands29
5622675644qing dynastymanchurian rule of China beginning in 1644 and lasting until 191430
5622675645peninsularesIn the Spanish colonies, those who were born in europe31
5622675646mestizosin the Spanish colonies, persons of mixed European and native descent32
5622675647repartamientoin the Spanish colonies, a replacement for the encomienda system that limited the number of working hours for laborers and provided fair wages33
5622675648ninety-five thesework by Martin Luther where he laid out his arguments against the Roman Catholic church34
5622675649dutch learningwestern learning embraced by some Japanese in the 18th century35
5622675650estates-generalthe traditional legislative body of france36
5622675651catholic reformationreligious reform movement within the Roman Catholic church that occurred in response to the Protestant reformation. it reaffirmed catholic beliefs and promoted education.37
5622675652reconqistathe recapture of Muslim held lands in Spain by Christian forces; it was completed in 149238
5622675653excommunicationpractice of the Roman Catholic and other Christian churches of prohibiting participation in the sacraments to those who do not comply with church teachings or practices39
5622675654middle passagethe portion of the trans-Atlantic trade that involved the passage of africans from Africa to the americas40
5622675655purdahthe Hindu custom of secluding women41
5622675656tokugawa shogunatethe feudal rulers of japan who moved the capital to edo. ruled from 1603 -186842
5622675657commercial revolutionthe expansion of trade and commerce in Europe in the 16th and 17th century43
5622675658colombian exchangeexchange of foods, crops, disease and livestock between eastern and western hemispheres after the voyages of columbus44
5622675659triangular tradethe 18th century trade network between Europe, Africa and the Americas45
5622675660heliocentric revolutionthe concept that the sun is in the center46
5622675661deismthe concept of God common to the scientific revolution; the God was believed to have set the world in motion and then allowed it to operate by natural laws47
5622675662hagia Sophiathe church in Constantinople that was converted to a mosque after the ottoman conquest48
5622675663glorious revolutionthe bloodless overthrow of English king James and the placement of William and Mary on the English throne49
5622675664predestinationthe belief of protestant reformer John Calvin that God had chosen some people for heaven and others for hell50

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