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| 6706988699 | Nomads: Paleolithic period | marked by the use of stone tools | 0 | |
| 6707002340 | Nomads: Foraging societies | Small groups of people who traveled from point to point as the climate and availability of plants and animals dictated. They depended on nature, and they could be eliminated by climate change, disease, famine, or natural disaster. Permanent shelters were not common and people had very few belongings. | 1 | |
| 6707045807 | Nomads: Pastoral societies | Characterized by the domestication of animals. Often in mountain regions and little rainfall. They used small scale agriculture. Women had few rights (more egalitarian than future societies though). Social status was based on the size of your herd. These people never settled due to the need for grazing areas and water. Experimented with the cultivation of plants. (what did this lead to in the future?) | 2 | |
| 6707087696 | Settling Down: Neolithic Revolution | People living in small groups and towns, but they settled. The cultivation of plants allowed for this change to settled living. Due to their simple tools and animal domestication their food supply was constant. When people settled they became more unified and created culture. | 3 | |
| 6707114867 | Settling Down: Important Consequence of Agriculture | Job specialization because everyone knew how to prepare food, so not everyone had to worry about what they would eat. Organized government structures and economies began to grow as well as a religious center. These people gained order, and were on the verge of civilizations. Irrigation systems led to a surplus of food. | 4 | |
| 6707126422 | Nomadic vs. Settled | People went from moving to being settled, but they also gained the sense of ownership and unity. | 5 | |
| 6707153522 | Key to a Civilization | Job specialization is key because if one group can provide the food then the rest of the people can start to form other groups to contribute to society. | 6 | |
| 6707167209 | Settling Down: Impact of Agriculture on Environment | Farm villages began to change the land by diverting water, clearing land for farms, and creating new farm land. Roads were built in more permanent cities, and stone was cut to build monuments. The land was constantly being altered to fit the need of the growing population. Animals were now used for farming labor (plows). | 7 | |
| 6707193856 | Settling Down: Technology | Hoes and plows were made from stone. Pots for cooking. The wheel and the sail were invented. The biggest weapon and tool advancement was the use of metal. (Bronze Age) | 8 | |
| 6707210071 | The Big, Early Civilizations: The Rivers | Most civilizations were in river valleys because it supplied a constant stream of water. Rivers also provided a transportation method. | 9 | |
| 6707247613 | Early Civilizations: Mesopotamia | "Land between the two rivers" Located between the Tigris and Euphrates. Sumer, Babylon, and Persia thrived here. Located in the larger area, the Fertile Crescent. Cities began to be formed uphill away from floods, and this enabled city state formation. | 10 | |
| 6707265799 | Mesopotamia: Sumer | Ur was a major city state. Developed cuneiform (writing). This writing was used to set laws, treaties, and important social/religious customs. Cuneiform spread through trade routes. The wheel spread through trade as well. They also developed a 12 month calendar and a 60 increment math system. Geometry was used in architecture for arches and columns. Polytheistic civilization and each city state had its own god that the locals worshipped. Terraced pyramids called ziggurats were built for the worship of gods. The civilization was overthrown in 1700 B.C.E due to overflow of invasions. | 11 | |
| 6707310946 | Mesopotamia: Babylon | This civilization conquered Akkad who made a detailed code of laws. King Hammurabi expanded on the code, and today is accepted as the big step to modern law. This early civilization fell due to Hittite invasion in 1500 B.C.E. | 12 | |
| 6707371420 | Mesopotamia: Hittites | Dominated use of iron | 13 | |
| 6707384976 | Mesopotamia: Assyria | Adopted the Hittites use of iron and created a capital which turned into an empire. A very violent group of people and many uprisings against authority, and this led to some cultural diffusion due to the high exile rate. | 14 | |
| 6707404287 | Mesopotamia: Main Ideas | The Code of Hammurabi and the use of iron were big developments. Even after a group of peoples were conquered their way of life was not lost. | 15 | |
| 6707416503 | Early Civilizations: Ancient Egypt | Developed along the Nile river where people clustered along the banks. Followed a stable agriculture system due to the planned floods. | 16 | |
| 6707427096 | Ancient Egypt: The Kingdoms | Old, Middle, and New, and the new kingdom was when Egypt was at its height. | 17 | |
| 6707432610 | Ancient Egypt: Achievements | Pharaohs ruled the lands. The construction of obelisks, pyramids, and tombs. Created hieroglyphics which was the system of writing using drawings. Created a calendar using astronomy. Became dependent on trade due to the necessity of materials. | 18 | |
| 6707456264 | Ancient Egypt | Polytheistic religion and they focused a lot on the afterlife. Mummified important figures. | 19 | |
| 6707463553 | Ancient Egypt: Women | A female ruler, Queen Hatshepsut, reigned in the new kingdom. Gave women more rights and expanded trade. Women were not given equal rights to men, but they did have more power in their own life. | 20 | |
| 6707474613 | Ancient Egypt: Social | Pyramids symbolized the social hierarchy, pharaohs at the top, then the priests, nobles, merchants, artisans, and slaves/peasants at the bottom. The peasants worked the land and generated the kingdom's wealth. | 21 | |
| 6707490890 | Ancient Egypt: Decline | Different civilizations took over Egypt for small amounts of time | 22 | |
| 6707506740 | Early Civilizations: Indus Valley | Built along Indus River, and less outside contact. Two major cities, Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, which were uniformly constructed and organized. They had a strong central government led by a priest king (polytheistic). Farmers grew cotton and the artisans turned that into cloth. The Aryans crumbled the river valley. | 23 | |
| 6707513074 | Decline of Early Civilizations | A common pattern was a civilization would become powerful and attract attention. The foreign groups became jealous and invaded. Due to the over extension the civilizations could not prevent the invasions. | 24 | |
| 6707552488 | Early Civilization: Aryans | Nomadic tribe from mountains who used horses and weaponry to defeat the enemy. Each group migrated to India into the Indus Valley. They established their religious beliefs in India, such as, reincarnation. Their polytheistic religion was recorded in the vedas and upanishads. These beliefs evolved to Hinduism. | 25 | |
| 6707572483 | Aryan: Social | Their ideas formed the caste system in India. Warriors to priests to peasants. Later the merchant class would be placed above peasants and priests above warriors. Separate classes could not marry. | 26 | |
| 6707589666 | Early Civilization: Shang China | Arose in the Yellow River valley and based itself on trade. Militarily powerful and controlled a lot of north china at its height. Workers built walls around cities, warriors used the chariot. Limited contact with the world. Bronze workers, used horse drawn chariots, invented the spoked wheel, and produced amazing silk and pottery. Created a decimal system and calendar as well. | 27 | |
| 6707618083 | Shang China: Family | The eldest male led the whole line of family in one house. | 28 | |
| 6707622063 | Zhou China | Adopted many Shang customs when they took over. Used the Mandate of Heaven which allowed rulers to rule as long as they were just and right. | 29 | |
| 6707637683 | Zhou China: Government | Developed a feudal system. The main king ruled the kingdom, but nobles were set to overwatch the far away regions. These nobles would eventually gain power and split off. Bureaucracies were formed and this stabilized the government. | 30 | |
| 6707664168 | Early Civilization: West Africa | Farmers in the Niger and Benue river valleys began migrating south and east. Along with them they Brought their Bantu language and agriculture/metallurgy skills. The spark of this migration was climate change | 31 | |
| 6707698171 | West Africa: Jenne jeno | first city in Sub Saharan Africa which began as a fishing settlement. Not a hierarchical organized society. | 32 | |
| 6707731951 | Early Mesoamerica and Andean South America: Olmec | Early civilization in Mexico. Urban society with surplus of corn, beans, and squash. Mastered irrigation skills and made large buildings. They were polytheistic and made a calendar. NOT IN RIVER VALLEY | 33 | |
| 6707749896 | Technology and Innovations to 600 B.C.E. | Farming tools, metallurgy, and manipulating the environment made the human leap from nomads to empires. Public works projects became more useful especially in creating irrigation systems. Large monuments were made to assert power. A steady food supply allowed the focus to shift to specialized skills. | 34 | |
| 6707768779 | Tech and Environmental Changes to 600 B.C.E.: Changes and Continuities in the Role of Women | In all societies the women were to nurture the children but in nomadic society they were also supposed to gather food. Women in the Paleolithic period taught their children to speak the native language. | 35 | |
| 6707782267 | Tech and Environmental Changes to 600 B.C.E.: Civilizations | Agriculture, written language, and the use of metals all contribute to the forming of early civilizations. Civilizations grow when job specialization is high. A time of peace allows for more focus on advancing. They fell due to over extension, internal warfare, or foreign invasion. | 36 | |
| 6707805526 | Most important inventions up to 600 B.C.E. | The wheel and iron | 37 | |
| 6707807523 | Tech and Environmental Changes to 600 B.C.E.: Sources of Change | Main methods are trade and conquest, spreading major belief systems (through trade). Adapting and innovating was key to success and diversity. | 38 | |
| 6707816792 | Tech and Environmental Changes to 600 B.C.E.: Humans vs. Nature | People changed the earth around them, digging canals, stone cutting, plowing, and metal working. Calendars were also crucial. | 39 | |
| 6721625393 | The Classical Civilizations: India and China | Maurya, Gupta, Qin, and Han | 40 | |
| 6721629030 | Classical: The Maurya Empire (India) | 330 B.C.E. Alexander the Great conquered the Persian empire and then moved into India. The Aryan culture was currently spreading through India at this time. The Maurya empire spanned from the Indus River through the Ganges and south to the Deccan plateau, this empire was founded by Chandagupta Maurya. | 41 | |
| 6721639419 | Asoka Maurya | Chandragupta's grandson who took the Maurya empire to great heights. Preached non-violence for the second half of his reign. | 42 | |
| 6721642266 | Maurya | Trade made the empire so powerful along with the strong military. Asoka was a very violent ruler (at first), after his troops claimed Kalinga he converted to Buddhism. | 43 | |
| 6721655857 | Maurya: Rock and Pillar Edicts | These reminded the Maurya peoples to live generously and the Buddhism religion spread beyond the empire. | 44 | |
| 6721659984 | Classical: The Gupta Dynasty in India | The Maurya declined mainly to economic problems and invasion, and following the Maurya came the... Chandra Gupta created another vast empire in India. His empire was more decentralized and smaller, but it was considered the golden age of arts and sciences. (pi and zero). Hinduism became the dominant religion again in India. Women were losing their rights quickly. The White Huns contributed to their downfall. | 45 | |
| 6721683625 | Classical: The Qin Dynasty in China | Developed a strong economy based on agriculture, organized a powerful army with iron weapons, conquered surrounding territories, all done with one emperor. They connected separate fortification walls creating the Great Wall of china. The first emperor reunited the decentralized the feudal kingdoms. | 46 |
