From Hunting and Gathering to Civilizations, 2.5 million-1000 B.C.E.: Origins
Original from MrsBHatchTEACHER
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| 7873699810 | hunting and gathering | Means of obtaining subsistence by humans before the mastery of sedentary agriculture; normally typical of tribal social organization |  | 0 |
| 7873699811 | civilization | Societies with reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existence of nonfarming elites, along with merchant and manufacturing groups | 1 | |
| 7873699812 | neolithic | The New Stone Age between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; period in which adaptation of sedentary agriculture occurred; domestication of plants and animals accomplished |  | 2 |
| 7873699813 | nomadic societies | livestock hearding societies that do not have a permanent settlement. normally found on the fringes of civilized (urban) societies; commonly referred to as "barbarian" by civilized societies |  | 3 |
| 7873699814 | culture | Combination of ideas, objects, and patterns of behavior that result from human social interaction |  | 4 |
| 7873699815 | agrarian revolution | Occurred between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; transition from hunting and gathering to sedentary agriculture |  | 5 |
| 7873699816 | pastoralism | A nomadic agricultural lifestyle based on herding domesticated animals; tended to produce independent people capable of challenging sedentary agricultural societies |  | 6 |
| 7873699817 | Bronze Age | From 4000 to 3000 B.C.E.; increased use of plow, metalworking; development of wheeled vehicles, writing |  | 7 |
| 7873699818 | Mesopotamia | Literally "between the rivers"; the civilization that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris-Euphrates river valleys |  | 8 |
| 7873699819 | Huanghe (Yellow) River Basin | Site of the development of sedentary agriculture in China |  | 9 |
| 7873699820 | Big Geography | A term that draws attention to the global nature of world history. |  | 10 |
| 7873699821 | Paleolithic | The period that ended about 3,000 years after the end of the last Ice Age, it lasted until about 10,000 years ago. (Old Stone Age) The period of the Stone Age associated with the evolution of humans. It predates the Neolithic period. |  | 11 |
| 7873699822 | Human migration during Paleolithic era | movement of humans from Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas | 12 | |
| 7873699823 | eglitarian | equality among people (no social levels) | 13 | |
| 7873699824 | tools | Humans developed a wider range of ____ specially adapted to different environments from tropics to tundra | 14 | |
| 7873699825 | Neolithic Revolution | period of change from hunter-gatherer lifesyle to agricultural lifestyles associated with domestication, farming, and settlement |  | 15 |
| 7873699826 | patriarchy | father based/male dominated society |  | 16 |
| 7873699827 | climatic change | Permanent agricultural villages emerged first in the lands of the eastern Mediterranean, possibly as a response to what? | 17 | |
| 7873699828 | weapons | Pastoralists were often the developers and disseminators of of ____ and forms of transportation that transformed warfare in agrarian civilizations | 18 | |
| 7873699829 | Nile River | This river flooded regularly. |  | 19 |
| 7873699830 | Tigris River | This river's floods were unpredictable. |  | 20 |
| 7873699831 | Key Concept 1.1 Big Geography and the Peopling of the Earth | -Archaeologists have found evidence that these people travelled around in small, foraging bands that were basically egalitarian. Because they had no consistently reliable source of food, they were almost always on the move. | 21 | |
| 7873699832 | Key Concept 1.2 The Neolithic Revolution and Early Agricultural Societies | - The practice of agriculture transformed the social and economic characteristics of human societies. It also changed the nature of the crops that were farmed. | 22 | |
| 7873699833 | Key Concept 1.3 The Development and Interactions of Early Agricultural, Pastoral, and Urban Societies | - Trade between these people spread ideas, technologies and even diseases. And as the needs of urban centers grew, the struggle for limited resources often led them to military conflict. And also, develop states, or governments, organized by bureaucracies and legitimized often by religious belief. | 23 | |
| 7873699834 | Key Concept 2.1 The Development and Codification of Religious and Cultural Traditions | - Rulers appealed to these belief systems to justify their actions; common ethical and ceremonial traditions gave cohesion to society.Also as, beliefs were rarely homogeneous and deviations, reform movements, and differing interpretations could challenge the social order. | 24 | |
| 7873699835 | Key Concept 2.2 The Development of States and Empires | - As empires acquired massive wealth, the unequal distribution of this wealth across social classes placed enormous pressure on the political and social order. Eventually, all of the classical civilizations could not deal with the problems created by their own internal or external crises. | 25 | |
| 7873699836 | Key Concept 2.3 Emergence of Transregional Networks of Communication and Exchange | - Luxury goods and raw materials traveled in caravans and on boats to distant markets. Traveling with them were belief systems, ideas, technology, culture and diseases. | 26 | |
| 7873699837 | Key Concept 3.1 Expansion and Intensification of Communication and Exchange Networks | Improved transportation technologies and commercial practices led to an increased volume of trade, and expanded the geographic range of existing and newly-active trade networks. https://resourcesforhistoryteachers.wikispaces.com/Key+Concept+3.1 | 27 | |
| 7873699838 | Key Concept 3.2 Continuity and Innovation of State Forms and Their Interactions | Empires collapsed and were reconstituted; in some regions new state forms emerged. Following the collapse of empires, most reconstituted governments, including the Byzantine Empire and the Chinese dynasties — Sui, Tang, and Song — combined traditional sources of power and legitimacy with innovations better suited to the current circumstances. Source: https://resourcesforhistoryteachers.wikispaces.com/Key+Concept+3.2 | 28 | |
| 7873699839 | Key Concept 3.3 Increased Economic Productive Capacity and Its Consequences | Innovations stimulated agricultural and industrial production in many regions. Agricultural production increased significantly due to technological innovations. source: https://resourcesforhistoryteachers.wikispaces.com/Key+Concept+3.3 | 29 | |
| 7873699840 | Key Concept 5.1 Industrialization and Global Capitalism | Industrialization fundamentally altered the production of goods around the world. It not only changed how goods were produced and consumed, as well as what was considered a "good," but it also had far-reaching effects on the global economy, social relations, and culture. | 30 | |
| 7873699841 | Key Concept 5.2 Imperialism and Nation-State Formation | Industrializing powers established transoceanic empires.II. Imperialism influenced state formation and contraction around the world.III. New racial ideologies, especially Social Darwinism, facilitated and justified imperialism. | 31 | |
| 7873699842 | Key Concept 5.3 Nationalism, Revolution, and ReformI. | The rise and diffusion of Enlightenment thought that questioned established traditions in all areas of life often preceded the revolutions and rebellions against existing governments.II. Beginning in the eighteenth century, peoples around the world developed a new sense of commonality based on language, religion, social customs and territory. These newly imagined national communities linked this identity with the borders of the state, while governments used this idea to unite diverse populations.III. Increasing discontent with imperial rule propelled reformist and revolutionary movements | 32 | |
| 7873699843 | Key Concept 6.1 Science and the Environment New Technologies | rapid scientific advances. New communication & transportation eliminated geographic distance. New scientific paradigms/ understandings of the world. | 33 | |
| 7873699844 | Key Concept 6.2 Global Conflicts and their Consequences: | Europe dominated c.1900 but empires decline. New political form increase by c.2000. Older land-based empires collapsed. Colonies achieved independence through either negotiation or armed struggle. | 34 | |
| 7873699845 | Key Concept 6.3 New Conceptualizations of Global Economy, Society, & Culture. States responded to economic challenges in various ways | Communist states directed the economy & oversaw development of industry. US & W. Europe states played minimal role until Great Depression, when they took more active role. | 35 |
