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| 7524755599 | How did religions help strengthen political, economic, and cultural ties within societies? | Examples: Political: The Mandate of Heaven in belief of the Heavens was used for leadership purposes Cultural: Ethical codes, such as the Vedas (Hinduism), The Torah (Judaism), and The Bible (Christianity). Economic: Spread of religion brought more economic trade to the regions and harmony within the economy. | 0 | |
| 7524800288 | How did religions promote a sense of unity? | Religions and belief systems provided a bond among the people and an ethical code to live by. Example: The Torah prescribes detailed guidelines covering ethics, social, and civil relation- taken together this religious text in the religion created a sense of unity of sharing the same belief. | 1 | |
| 7524841878 | What are the characteristics and core teachings of Judaism? | Characteristics: -Organized society -Common body of scripture -Identity -Unity -Monotheistic Core Teachings: -The belief that the Hebrews entered into a special covenental relationship with their God through the patriarch Abraham | 2 | |
| 7524880427 | What are the characteristics and core teachings of Hinduism? | Characteristics: -Polytheism -Originated in India -Brahman Core teachings: -Karma -Atman -Dharma -Reincarnation - Universal spirit called the Atman is trapped inside humans and other living creatures. | 3 | |
| 7524945161 | What is a "universal religion?" | A religion in which anyone can be can be a believer, unity within,, same beliefs. Example religions: Buddhism and Christianity around the Mediterranean area and India. | 4 | |
| 7525013202 | What are the characteristics and core teachings of Buddhism? | Characteristics: -Universal -Monotheistic -Peaceful Core Teachings: -4 Noble Truths -8 Fold Path -Nirvana: New understanding and peaceful way of life. | 5 | |
| 7525054894 | What are the 4 Noble Truths? | 1) All of life is suffering 2) Suffering is caused by false desires for things that do not bring satisfaction 3) Suffering maybe relieved by removing the desire 4) Desire maybe removed by following 8 fold path to Nirvana | 6 | |
| 7525120087 | How and where did Buddhism spread by 600 CE? | The Buddha actively spread the new beliefs during his lifetime and the religion faced oppression after the Buddha's death- Threat to Hinduism. The Mauryan emperor Ashoka converted to it and promoted its practice. Spread through cultural diffusion- To SOUTHEAST ASIA, CHINA, AND JAPAN | 7 | |
| 7525334468 | What is Confucianism? | The system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his disciples, stressing love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, and harmony in thought and conduct. | 8 | |
| 7525382572 | What is Daoism? | Philosophical system developed by Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu advocating a simple honest life and noninterference with the course of natural events. Human to nature relationship. | 9 | |
| 7525427420 | What are the characteristics and core teachings of Christianity? | Characteristics: -Grew directly out of Judaism -Love -Charity -Humility Core teachings: -Belief in Jesus, or the Messiah and belief in life after death through Jesus -Final Judgement Day -Reward the righteous with immortality and condemn sinners to eternal hell. | 10 | |
| 7525551220 | How and where did Christianity spread by 600 CE? | The emperor Constantine converted to Christianity and established a new capital in the eastern city of Byzantium, which he renamed, Constantinople. The Result: The religion grew west and north from Rome and east from Constantinople. | 11 | |
| 7525600338 | How did religions affect gender roles in their respective societies? | Examples: *Hinduism- The Hindu laws of Manu taught that a woman is not independent at any point in her life. *Christianity- The writings of the Bible also reinforced patriarchy, but hold up a husband's obligation to love his wife. *Confucianism- Soft patriarchal- husband shows respect and be a model to his family. *Buddhism- Both genders had equal access to enlightenment | 12 | |
| 7525720971 | Common religious and cultural traditions by 600 CE | *Asceticism: An extreme rejection of the materialistic values of the world, its luxuries, anything extravagant or unnecessary, and all sexual pleasure. *Monasticism: The lifestyle of living as a Monk *Shamanism: A set of practices geared toward manipulating the natural world through rites and ceremonies performed by a Shaman. -Animism: That objects in the material world are inhabited by spirits. -Ancestor Worship, such as, oracle bones. | 13 | |
| 7525903172 | How did humans relate to their deceased ancestors? | Ancestor Worship- Natural given the belief that their spirits live on after death Example: Chinese Oracle Bones- Questions for ancestors | 14 | |
| 7525968769 | How did art and culture develop to 600 CE? | -Theater was born out of the religious festivals of the Greek god Dionysus -Temples were built for Hindu society -Theatrical Competitions: Cultural Unity -Greek architecture: Symmetry, rationalism, and proportionality. | 15 | |
| 7533642910 | What literary works influenced later eras? | Greek theater/drama- influenced things like Broadway, stadium sports, and movies. | 16 | |
| 7533659158 | How did different societies' architectural styles develop? | *Greece: Was based/built off of their values of symmetry, rationalism, and proportionality Example: The Parthenon *India: Was based off of the religious and cultural values of Hinduism and the society. *Rome: The Romans were engineers and used concrete to address practical problems. *Maya: Best seen in its temples, were centers of worship and sacrifice. | 17 | |
| 7538504403 | What is Syncretism? | Cultural blending where different civilizations adopt another's culture or same beliefs. This is how religions and culture spread. Also known as cultural diffusion. | 18 | |
| 7538531084 | What is cultural diffusion? | The spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another. The mixing of world cultures through different ethnicity, religions and nationalities has increased with advanced communication, transportation and technology. | 19 | |
| 7538554283 | Confucianism: 5 principle relationships | 1. Ruler to Subject 2. Father to Son 3. Husband to Wife 4. Older Brother to Younger Brother 5. Older Friend to Younger Friend | 20 | |
| 7538570217 | Organizing Principles of Confucianism | 1. Status 2. Age 3. Gender | 21 | |
| 7538576267 | What are the Analects? | Writings and teachings of Confucius- meaning "Conversation" Example text: "Respect yourself and others will respect you." | 22 | |
| 7538610154 | Goal of Confucianism? | Social Cohesion (Harmony) | 23 | |
| 7538626162 | Principles of Legalism? | 1. Human nature is selfish 2. Intellectualism and literacy is discouraged 3. Law is the most supreme authority and replaces morality 4. the ruler must rule with a strong, punishing hand 5. War is the means of strengthening a ruler's power | 24 | |
| 7538667108 | What does it mean if something is Authoritarian? | Having no exercise of individual freedom. | 25 | |
| 7538675614 | Hinduism | An ancient religion with no single founder developed over thousands of years. -Continues to evolve- beliefs and practices -Tolerant to other religions- Meaning they believe that other religions have a legitimate path to God -Monastic religion- One supreme god | 26 | |
| 7538688524 | Sacred scripture of Hinduism? | The Vedas, meaning knowledge in Sanskrit, which is the language of Hinduism. | 27 | |
| 7538710453 | Brahman- Hinduism | -Supreme god -Everything has a part of Brahman -Goal in life is to unite with Atman (your soul) with Brahman -Monastic Religion- Meaning one supreme god -Hindus worship many gods and goddesses- all possess a part of Brahman. | 28 | |
| 7538759009 | Dharma- Hinduism | -Sacred duty: Individual dharma determined by personality, age, gender, and social class -Following dharma promotes harmony (Like Buddhism and Confucianism) -Don't follow dharma, get bad karma <<< | 29 | |
| 7538777720 | What is Karma? | In Hinduism: Sum of good and bad actions Atman (soul) carries from life to life, which proves the belief of reincarnation. -Good and bad actions affect future life and life cycle of birth, life, death, and rebirth | 30 | |
| 7538805345 | What is Samsara? | -Continuous cycle of birth, death, and rebirth -Goal to reach Moksha- meaning to be released from Samsara | 31 | |
| 7538822358 | What is an empire? | An extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, formerly especially an emperor or empress. | 32 | |
| 7538826240 | What builds an empire? | -Military Conquest for more land -Unification under one central government -Identifiable boundaries | 33 | |
| 7538860311 | What major empires were in the classical period and where were they located? | *Roman Empire: Mediterranean Region centered in the Italian peninsula *Greek Empire: Mediterranean Region centered in the Greek peninsula *Mauryan-Gupta: India Region near the Ganges valley *Gupta: India Region near the Ganges valley *Qin Empire: China Region *Han Empire: China Region *Persian Empire: Biggest empire that was mainly in modern-day Iran spread to western Asia to west toward the Mediterranean | 34 | |
| 7538944876 | Characteristics of classical era empires | -Large armies -Large trans-regional networks of trade -Diffusion of culture, trade, and even disease -Social classes -Great wealth -Boundaries | 35 | |
| 7539030683 | What techniques did Classical empires create to administer their territories? | Governments had to implement methods to project power over large areas, something that presented a challenge in the age before modern transportation and communication. Drawing from the successes of earlier civilizations, empires in the classical age were able to centralize their power and rule over vast domains. -Governments by means of centralized or decentralized governments | 36 | |
| 7539062231 | What is a centralized government? | Government in which most decisions for the entire state are made by one executive power. This usually involves one leader, or a small group of individuals, having authority over all regions of a state from a single location, such as a capital city. | 37 | |
| 7539072517 | What is a decentralized government? | Government that allows more control and decision making to be made at the level of local provinces or counties. | 38 | |
| 7539121771 | What is Daoism? | Philosophical system developed by Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu advocating a simple honest life and noninterference with the course of natural events | 39 | |
| 7539133747 | What was the Period of the Warring States in China and how did it create the basis for Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism? | After the fall of the Zhou Dynasty (1046 BC-256 BC) China fell into a period of chaos known as the Period of the Warring States. Although a time of conflict and strife, this period was one of the most fruitful in terms of intellectual output. In the quest to understand how China could have fallen into a period of instability, great thinkers pondered questions such as "What is the best form of governance?" and, related to that question, "What is the nature of man?" The differing answers to these questions formed the basis of Confucianism, Legalism, and Daoism. | 40 | |
| 7539145645 | When and how did the Period of the Warring States end? | The Period of the Warring States ended when the warrior Qin Shi Huang centralized power and destroyed regional opposition- created the short-lived Qin Dynasty | 41 | |
| 7539164708 | Describe the Qin Dynasty | -Lasted only 14 years -Created a bureaucracy -Practice of Legalism -Built roads and bridges -Construction of wall to protect the dynasty -The leadership created resentment among the people, which led to the revolt against Qin Shi Huang | 42 | |
| 7539274445 | Describe the Han Dynasty | -Came to power after the Qin Dynasty -Lasted for about 400 years- (200 BCE to 200 CE) -Maintained a strong central government over such a vast area of modern China was based on the Legalism reforms of the Qin Dynasty -Han Wudi -Adoption of Confucianism -Han bureaucracy -Synthesis between belief and political structure -Buddhism came -Trade along the Silk Road- Dunhuang major city of trade along the Silk Road -Traded Silk and Rice -Protective against the Nomads in the North known as the Xiongnu -Feudal System -Against outsiders- like the nomads -Economy needed to recover after Qin dynasty downfall. | 43 | |
| 7539434966 | Describe the Mauryan-Gupta empire? | -Founded by Chandragupta Mauryan -Under Mauryan rule, the Indian subcontinent was unified under one central government for the first time -Bureaucracy- with a systematic use of spying, brutality and intimidation -Vedic Age -Pataliputra: Located in the Ganges Valley-Capital -Edicts of Ashoka: System of laws -Conversion to Buddhism -Caste System -Large army of infantry, calvalry, and chariot divisions -Coinage -Imbalance between men and women -Greek influence -Mandala- prescribes the use of spies -Agriculture based economy -Ashoka died- Mauryan crumbled | 44 | |
| 7539704079 | Describe the Gupta Empire | -Never grew to size of Mauryan -Bureaucracy -Greatest period of political stability in India -Negotiation and intermarriages with local leaders -Hinduism -Vedic practices -Sati -Roles of women to sustain the house and raise the house -Roles of men had more rights and could inherit property -Concept of zero -System of place-value notation -Rules given by Brahman -Exhaust of imperial treasury led to downfall | 45 | |
| 7539871050 | What is the Sati? | Sati (also called suttee) is the practice among some Hindu communities by which a recently widowed woman either voluntarily or by use of force or coercion commits suicide as a result of her husband's death. The best known form of sati is when a woman burns to death on her husband's funeral pyre. | 46 | |
| 7539941974 | Describe the Roman Empire | -As territory expanded it went from a monarchy to a Republic -The Twelve Tables -Used a senate -Upper classes: The patricians -Lower classes: The plebeians -City-States Patron/Client Relationship: Bound different classes -Aqueducts to move fresh water -Conquered people had most privileges as Romans had -Believed in the invisible force numina -End of Roman empire: Christianity -Infertile land -Had to expand for more land for agriculture due to a growing population -Grapes grown- not a staple crop -Trade along Roman roads and on the Mediterranean | 47 | |
| 7539954953 | What are the Twelve Tables? | It was the legislation that stood at the foundation of Roman law. | 48 | |
| 7544046977 | What two types of law was Rome divided into? | jus gentium and jus civile | 49 | |
| 7544071469 | What is diplomacy? | There is more to winning a battle than military strategy and advanced weapons. Diplomacy, or the negotiation with allies and foes, was crucial for imperial conquest *For example, when the Han Dynasty pushed westward they came into conflict with the powerful confederation of nomadic tribes called the Xiongnu. In the ensuing war, the Han Emperor Wu sought alliances with small countries on his western border, offering a Han princess in marriage to the king of Wusun to secure him as an ally. | 50 | |
| 7544077069 | Why was the Great Wall of China constructed and who constructed it? | Great Wall of China was first constructed by the Qin Dynasty to protect them from nomadic tribes on their northwestern frontier | 51 | |
| 7544091209 | What fortifications did the Romans and the Chinese make to their empires? | The Great Wall of China- China Hadrian's Wall- Rome | 52 | |
| 7549380199 | Describe Persia | -1000 BCE settle in SW Iran and spread across western and central Asia -Feudal Society -Imperial organization -Irrigation technology -When a king died sacred fires were put out people's hair was shaved, and horses' manes were cut -Took the dress of Medes and made Egypt theirs -Monarchy -20 provinces- under a satrap -Women made less then men -Zoroastrianism with Ahuramazdagod -Military patrolled Royal Roads -Canals- Red Sea and the Nile River (Connected) -Persian postal system -Trade within the Arabian Sea, Egypt, the Persian Gulf, etc. -Fell to the Greek empire | 53 | |
| 7549397596 | What are satraps? | Persian governors | 54 | |
| 7549422857 | What is Zoroastrianism? | Monotheistic pre-Islamic religion of ancient Persia founded by Zoroaster in the 6th century BC | 55 | |
| 7549503509 | Describe the Greek empire | -Had Olympic games' -Alexander the Great was a major leader- conquered the Persian empire -City-states -Democracy -Most fertile land: Anatolia -Mostly the region was infertile -Believed in approval from the gods -Polytheistic -Villages merged into urban centers -Viewed Persia as "The Great Enemy" -Sought advice from oracles -Olives, grain, barley -Found microscopic atoms -Mapped geography -Hoplites -Persian Wars -The Ionian Revolt -Roman Conquest ended the empire | 56 | |
| 7549562301 | What was the Ionian Revolt? | Military rebellions by several Greek regions of Asia Minor against Persian rule, lasting from 499 BC to 493 BC. At the heart of the rebellion was the dissatisfaction of the Greek cities of Asia Minor with the tyrants appointed by Persia to rule them, along with the individual actions of two Milesian tyrants, Histiaeus and Aristagoras. The cities of Ionia had been conquered by Persia around 540 BC, and thereafter were ruled by native tyrants, nominated by the Persian satrap in Sardis. In 499 BC, the tyrant of Miletus, Aristagoras, launched a joint expedition with the Persian satrap Artaphernes to conquer Naxos, in an attempt to bolster his position. The mission was a debacle, and sensing his imminent removal as tyrant, Aristagoras chose to incite the whole of Ionia into rebellion against the Persian king Darius the Great. | 57 | |
| 7549620203 | What was the Silk Road? | The Silk Road or Silk Route was an ancient network of trade routes that were for centuries central to cultural interaction originally through regions of Eurasia connecting the East and West and stretching from the Korean peninsula and Japan to the Mediterranean Sea. | 58 | |
| 7549634272 | Foraging Society | Definition: A hunter-gatherer is a human living in a society in which most or all food is obtained by foraging (collecting wild plants and pursuing wild animals) -11,000 BCE beginnings -Courage honored -Limited to what carried with them -Necessities -Healthier- due to more travel to find food -4 years apart born children -Less disease- less dense populations -No social structure -Egalitarian- Equally -No technology -Nomads- migratory | 59 | |
| 7549668606 | Pastoral Society | Definition: A nomadic group of people who travel with a herd of domesticated animals, which they rely on for food. The word 'pastoral' comes from the Latin root word pastor, which means 'shepherd.' -Grasslands -Little rainfall -Serve as civilization link -No food surplus -Indo-European trides: Hitties and Hykes -Domesticated horses -Tents -Pants, stirrups, and saddles -Trade with sedentary for crops -Horse cavalry -Herding -Migration patterns keep away rivals -Marriage led to alliance -Art- useful -Strong -Short-life -Patriarch -Animal sacrifice -Little social structure -Kin-related clans -Size of herds=wealth | 60 | |
| 7549724861 | What does patriarchal mean? | A system where men are in authority over women in all aspects of society. | 61 | |
| 7570260026 | Sedentary society | Definition: A lifestyle that involves remaining in one place permanently -Live in one place -Economy: Farming -Dense population -Ability to farm and domesticate -Few live good- authority and class systems -Dependent on crops -Shorter birth interval -Food surpluses -Began to claim territories -More disease -Authority -Priests -Writings -Social status -"Civilization" -Technology -1500 BCE -Specialization in jobs -Public works | 62 | |
| 7570308356 | What is a civilization? | The stage of human social development and organization that is considered most advanced. | 63 | |
| 7570331549 | What does being cosmopolitan mean? | To be a prosperous network of states using shared cultures and was used by the Middle East in 1700-1100 BCE- Diplomatic relations and commercial contacts between states fastened the flow of ideas and goods. | 64 | |
| 7570467550 | What is the Mandate of Heaven? | Chinese religious and political ideology developed by the Zhou, according to which it was the prerogative of Heaven, the chief deity, to grant power to the ruler of China and to take away that power if the ruler failed to conduct himself justly and in the best interest of his subjects. | 65 | |
| 7570490922 | Rivers of Mesopotamia, Indus Valley, and Ancient China. | Mesopotamia: Tigris and Euphrates Rivers Indus Valley: Indus River Ancient China: Huang He (Yellow River) | 66 | |
| 7570517704 | What is Feng Shui? | Feng Shui: "Wind and Water" -They used it to orientates structures so that they would be in a harmonious relationship with the terrain, forces of wind, water, sunlight, and invisible | 67 | |
| 7570558908 | What is bipedalism? | An organism's ability to walk on two legs. | 68 | |
| 7570567117 | Paleolithic Age | Paleolithic: Old Stone Age -Associated with the evolution of humans -Used skins and mats woven from leaves for collecting fruits, berries, and wild seeds -Lasted until 8000 BCE -Early humans may have discovered cooking after wildfires -Most people were foragers or migrators who would move from season to season to acquire food, shelter, and clothing -People built seasonal camps when there was no caves -Gatherers learned which plants were edible -Cave art of animal hunting-people think it -Cave art showed some evidence of religion | 69 | |
| 7570619747 | Neolithic Age | Neolithic Age: New Stone Age -Associated with the ancient Agritcultural Revolution -Began to meet food needs by cultivating crops and keeping domestic animals -Between 8000-2000 BCE -When foragers would return to their seasonal camps, they would leave fruit bearing seeds- started the food production -Specialized stone tools made for farming -Fruit trees or root crops -Wild grasses to Grains -Alternating crops caused better soil fertility -Fire to clear crops use as fertilizer -Migration toward rivers to help plants growth | 70 | |
| 7570681522 | Neolithic Turning Point | It was the start of farming/cultivating crops in the world. The revolution helped it as so to make it that people would not have to forage for food- instead just grow it. | 71 | |
| 7570721424 | Characteristics of a civilization | 1. Language (Written and spoken) 2. Culture- Art and arichitecture 3. A political system 4. Forms of maintaining a food source 5. Economic structures 6. Social Class 7. Division of labor 8. Food Surplus 9. Urban administration 10. Public works- irrigation | 72 | |
| 7570767171 | Mesopotamia | Means: "Land between the rivers" Mesopotamia | 73 |
